Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 135 views

    Biomechanics & Ergonomics-Ii SHS.306.LEC-15: Saba Riaz

    Uploaded by

    Amna Sami
    1) A good sitting posture is supported by an ergonomic chair with features like arm rests to reduce shoulder strain, a back rest to prevent back rounding, and a seat angle of 90-95 degrees to reduce pressure on the sit bones. 2) Lying in bed ideally maintains a straight spine through the use of a conforming mattress that distributes pressure evenly. 3) The "click-clack phenomenon" describes how the lower back naturally lordoses and kyphoses in response to shifting body weight while sitting on a chair without back support.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Biomechanics & Ergonomics-Ii SHS.306.LEC-15: Saba Riaz

    Uploaded by

    Amna Sami
    135 views40 pages
    1) A good sitting posture is supported by an ergonomic chair with features like arm rests to reduce shoulder strain, a back rest to prevent back rounding, and a seat angle of 90-95 degrees to reduce pressure on the sit bones. 2) Lying in bed ideally maintains a straight spine through the use of a conforming mattress that distributes pressure evenly. 3) The "click-clack phenomenon" describes how the lower back naturally lordoses and kyphoses in response to shifting body weight while sitting on a chair without back support.

    Original Title

    SHS.306 LEC.15

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) A good sitting posture is supported by an ergonomic chair with features like arm rests to reduce shoulder strain, a back rest to prevent back rounding, and a seat angle of 90-95 degrees to reduce pressure on the sit bones. 2) Lying in bed ideally maintains a straight spine through the use of a conforming mattress that distributes pressure evenly. 3) The "click-clack phenomenon" describes how the lower back naturally lordoses and kyphoses in response to shifting body weight while sitting on a chair without back support.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    135 views40 pages

    Biomechanics & Ergonomics-Ii SHS.306.LEC-15: Saba Riaz

    Uploaded by

    Amna Sami
    1) A good sitting posture is supported by an ergonomic chair with features like arm rests to reduce shoulder strain, a back rest to prevent back rounding, and a seat angle of 90-95 degrees to reduce pressure on the sit bones. 2) Lying in bed ideally maintains a straight spine through the use of a conforming mattress that distributes pressure evenly. 3) The "click-clack phenomenon" describes how the lower back naturally lordoses and kyphoses in response to shifting body weight while sitting on a chair without back support.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 40

    BIOMECHANICS &

    ERGONOMICS-II
    SHS.306.LEC-15
    SABA RIAZ

    SEMESTER : FALL 2020


    Engineering approaches to
    standing, sitting and lying
    REVIEW OF LAST LECTURE
    • Standing posture and muscles involved?
    • Proximal and distal crossed syndrome?
    • COP?
    • Inclination of foot and heel design?
    • Biomechanics of pelvis?
    Today’s Topic??
    sitting
    SITTING
    Independent of the size of person
    A good sitting posture is
    characterized by minimal muscle work
    which is achieved by arm rests, back
    rest, seat and foot rest.
    First law of seating is ability to
    change posture regularly
    Ergonomic Chair
    ARM REST
    Arm rest
    • It unloads the shoulder girdle
    • Weight of arms is 10% of body which is considerable
    • Without armrest; arms are placed on table, crossed
    before chest or laid on lap
    • Driving wheels are placed at the level of lower arm
    because of the weight of arms
    Back rest
    Back rest
    • To proved stability for vertically erected trunk
    • In prolonged sitting; prevention of lumber kyphosis
    • Significance of lumber support can be seen through
    Click-clack phenomenon.
    • Absence of a back rest, like sitting in a crouch position
    leads to C-form of the spine.
    Click- clack phenomenon (lumbo-pelvic)
    • When one sits at the edge of a straight chair. Slow
    forward translation of trunk increases lumber
    lordosis.
    • Whereas , slow backward translation moves the
    center of gravity dorsal to the ischial tuberosities .
    Further translation can lead to backward tilt of pelvis
    and lumber kyphosis.
    Function of a lumber support is to provide firm
    support on the upper side of pelvis and lumber area
    to prevent tilting of spine and kyphosis
    Lordotic vs kyphotic lumber
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STegkgO-oMk
    Back rest
    • This support not reach higher than the lower edge
    of scapulae
    • Thoracic spine is rigid enough(ribs) and a higher
    back rest pushes the shoulders forward, which
    over rules the lumber support.
    • Also hinders the shoulders to stretch or turn to
    left or right
    Sitting in bed
    Seat
    • Horizontal seat always raises friction at the ischial
    tuberosities which can be eliminated by means moderate
    seat angle,(the angle between the seat and back rest) is
    90 and 95 degree, which is met by classical rocking chair.
    • with slightly inclined seat surface at ischial tuberosities,
    the resultant force stands nearly perpendicular to surface
    with less horizontal Fh component, reducing friction on
    ischial tuberosity.
    Back rest inclination larger in auditorium or cars
    seats
    • Head rests can not carry head when placed too far
    forward to reduce friction and for perfect view of screen.
    Leg-crossing
    • No significant benefit
    Leg-crossing
    • Self bracing of SI joints.
    • Exception; Internal oblique abdominals weakness
    Chair and table
    • Chair is important for good posture but when reading and
    writing are involved, height and inclination of desk
    becomes important
    • Despite good chairs, postures with back bent or twisting
    can be observed.

    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8_ME4VwTiw
    Bad postures
    • Reading with trunk upright requires sharp bend in cervical
    spine which can not be sustained for long duration
    (reading distance is larger than 25 to 35cm)
     Hence, inclination of desk is necessary (approximately 12 degree) but not steeper than it.

    WHY??
    Lying
    Lying
    • Normally people change posture 20 times per night on
    bed.
    • Largest pressure occur at region of shoulder and the
    hip.
    • Ideal mattress maintains a straight spine in side lying and
    S-shape of spine in supine posture.
    Criterion of conformity of bed:
    Sinking 2 square plates of 20×20cm at a distance of
    60cm, each loaded with 20 kg. the greater the depth to
    which the plates sink, greater the conformity.
    • The combination of pressure and shear is a provocation of
    decubitus skin ulcerations.
    • The medium for anti-decubitus mattresses can be divided
    into four:
    Viscoelastic material, fluid, gas and a combination of
    these media.
    Pillow types used?
    You Tube Lecture Link:

    https://youtu.be/40ODnDniR5M
    Questions
    • Describe what are different parts of
    ergonomic chair that helps in good
    posture?

    • How to prevent pressure sores in


    unconscious patients?

    • What is click clack phenomenon of lumbo-


    pelvic region?

    You might also like