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    Three-Phase Circuits

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    dharanika
    1) Balanced 3-phase systems have non-pulsating instantaneous power where the total instantaneous power is equal to 3 times the voltage, current, and cosine of the phase angle. 2) Power in a 3-phase circuit can be measured using two wattmeters, where the sum of the two wattmeter readings equals the total real power and the difference equals the total reactive power. 3) The two-wattmeter method allows determining the total real and reactive power for both balanced and unbalanced 3-phase loads connected in a delta or wye configuration.

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    Three-Phase Circuits

    Uploaded by

    dharanika
    32 views8 pages
    1) Balanced 3-phase systems have non-pulsating instantaneous power where the total instantaneous power is equal to 3 times the voltage, current, and cosine of the phase angle. 2) Power in a 3-phase circuit can be measured using two wattmeters, where the sum of the two wattmeter readings equals the total real power and the difference equals the total reactive power. 3) The two-wattmeter method allows determining the total real and reactive power for both balanced and unbalanced 3-phase loads connected in a delta or wye configuration.

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    1) Balanced 3-phase systems have non-pulsating instantaneous power where the total instantaneous power is equal to 3 times the voltage, current, and cosine of the phase angle. 2) Power in a 3-phase circuit can be measured using two wattmeters, where the sum of the two wattmeter readings equals the total real power and the difference equals the total reactive power. 3) The two-wattmeter method allows determining the total real and reactive power for both balanced and unbalanced 3-phase loads connected in a delta or wye configuration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    32 views8 pages

    Three-Phase Circuits

    Uploaded by

    dharanika
    1) Balanced 3-phase systems have non-pulsating instantaneous power where the total instantaneous power is equal to 3 times the voltage, current, and cosine of the phase angle. 2) Power in a 3-phase circuit can be measured using two wattmeters, where the sum of the two wattmeter readings equals the total real power and the difference equals the total reactive power. 3) The two-wattmeter method allows determining the total real and reactive power for both balanced and unbalanced 3-phase loads connected in a delta or wye configuration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Three-phase Circuits

    Balanced 3-phase systems


    Unbalanced 3-phase systems

    SKEE 1043 Circuit Theory


    Dr. Nik Rumzi Nik Idris

    1
    Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

    Instantaneous power

    Phase voltage of Y connected


    Phase current, lagging by :
    load with Z  per phase:

    v AN (t )  2 Vp cos(t) ia ( t)  2Ip cos(t  )

    vBN ( t)  2 Vp cos(t  120o ) ib ( t)  2Ip cos(t    120o )

    v CN ( t)  2 Vp cos(t  120o ) ic ( t)  2Ip cos(t    120o )

    Total instantaneous power: p = vANia + vBNib+ vCNic

    p(t)  2 VpIp [cos(t ) cos(t  )  cos(t) cos(t    120o )  cos(t) cos(t    120o )]

    Which can be re-written as:

    p( t)  VpIp [3 cos   cos(2t  )  cos(2t    240o )  cos(2t    240 o )]

     p( t)  3 VpIp cos 
    2
    Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

    Instantaneous power p( t)  3 VpIp cos 

    • Instantaneous power is NON PULSATING

    • Smoother energy conversion for electrical machine in 3-


    phase system

    • True for delta () connected load too

    3
    Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

    Complex, apparent, active, and reactive

    Phase voltage Vp  Vp v (rms) Phase current Ip  Ip i (rms)

    The complex power per phase:

    S p  VpIp*  VpIp cos   jVpIp sin 


     Pp  jQp

    Total complex power:


    S  3 VpIp*  3 VpIp

    VL
    For Y connection, Vp  and Ip  IL
    3

     S  3 VLIL

    Apparent power is as before, i.e. SS


    4
    Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

    Power measurement using a wattmeter

    wattmeter is an instrument used for measuring the average power.

    The basic structure Equivalent Circuit with load

    If v(t) = Vmcos (t + v) and i(t) = Imcos (t + i)

    then the wattmeter will measure the average power:

    VmIm
    Reading on wattmeter  P  cos  v  i 
    2
    5
    Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

    Power measurement using a wattmeter

    wattmeter is an instrument used for measuring the average power.

    6
    Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

    3-phase power measurement using wattmeters: two-wattmeter method

    In order to measure average power in 3-phase system ONLY 2


    wattmeters are needed
    Vcb
    ZY  Z Y 
    Vcn Ic
    Vca Vab

    30o

    30o
     Van
    Vbn Ia
    30o

    Vbc

    Reading by wattmeter1, P1  VabIa cos 1   VLIL cos(  30o )

    Reading by wattmeter2, P2  VcbIc cos 2   VLIL cos(   30 o )

    7
    Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

    Reading by wattmeter1, P1  VabIa cos 1   VLIL cos(  30o )

    Reading by wattmeter2, P2  VcbIc cos 2   VLIL cos(   30 o )

    IT CAN BE SHOWN : P1  P2  3 VLIL cos( )  PTotal  P1  P2

    P2  P1  VLIL sin()  QTotal  3 (P2  P1)


    QTotal
     tan  
    PTotal

    • This is also true for a  connected load as well

    • This is also true if the load is unbalanced (ONLY for P1+P2)

    • Two-wattmeter method CANNOT be used for a 3-phase, 4 wire system


    UNLESS the neutral current = 0

    • P1=P2  resistive load, P2 > P1  inductive load, P2 < P1  capacitive load

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