By:Stacy Godfrey, Amy Ladenberger,

Santiago Beltran, Kelly Nelson and Pimsuda

Prathankiat
Objectives

 Obtain general knowledge of RFID

 Recognize types and components of RFID
 Understand various applications
 Discuss companies use of RFID in case studies
 Determine why RFID is important to
managers and the future
 Realize the benefits and limitations of RFID
technologies

2
What is RFID??

 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)—describes

technologies that use radio waves to
automatically identify people or objects.

 RFID tags can be applied to or incorporated into

a product, animal, or person, for the purpose of
identification using radio waves.

RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/16/49 Viewed March 30, 2008

3
 Parts to the RFID System
 There are three parts to a RFID system:
1. Antenna
 Provides a means of communication and energy to communicate with
RFID tag
 RFID tag passes through field of the antenna and the RFID tag detects
the activation signal from the antenna causing the RFID tag to transmit
the information on the microchip to the transceiver.
 Permanently affixed to a surface or handheld

2. Transceiver
 Has a decoder to interpret the data

3. RFID Tag (Transporter)

 Programmed with information

“How RFID Works,” http://www.technology.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=2 Viewed March 31, 2008

4
 RFID vs. Bar Codes
 How is RFID different from Bar Codes?
 Tag does not need to be on the surface of the object because they do
not need a direct line of sight, tags can be embedded or hidden.
 Tags are applicable in harsh environments, such as outdoors, around
chemicals, moisture and high temperatures.
 RFID tags can be read at a rate of forty or more tags per second; Bar
Codes usually take half a second or more per bar code.
 RFID tags can be read at distances up to 300 feet; Bar Codes no more
than 15 feet.
 RFID Tags can be re-programmed; Bar Codes do not have the
read/write capability

“Advantages of RFID Versus Barcodes,” http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=60 Viewed March 31, 2008

Hont, Susy d. “The Cutting Edge of RFID Technology and Applications for Manufacturing and Distribution,” www.ti.com/rfid
/docs/manuals/whtPapers/manuf_dist.pdf Viewed March 15, 2008

5
 RFID vs. Bar Codes
Manual Process Bar Code RFID

Data Accuracy Least Accurate Most Accurate More Accurate

Data Collection Time/Labor Most Time/Labor Some Time/Labor Least Time/Labor

Data Input Time/Labor Most Time/Labor Some Time/Labor Least Time/Labor

Equipment Costs (tags, N/A Some More

readers/scanners)

Ability to Track Assets Out No No Yes

of Line of Sight

Amount of Data Storage on N/A Less More

Tag

Ability to Exchange No No Yes

Information Two Ways

Ability to Reprogram Tags N/A No Yes

“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program”

www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapers-rfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.
6
How RFID Works

“How RFID Works,” http://www.aeanet.org/GovernmentAffairs/gais_HowRFID_Works.asp

7
 History
 1940-1950
 First work exploring RFID by Harry Stockman
 Followed advances in radio & radar

 1950-1960
 Era of exploration, laboratory experiments

 1960-1970
 First and most widespread commercial use
 Electronic article surveillance, Sensormatic

 1970-1980
 Explosion of RFID development work
 Animal and vehicle tracking, factory automation

Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data Capture
8
Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.
 History

 1980-1990
 Commercial implementation enters mainstream
 Transportation, personnel access, & animals
 1990-2000
 Emergence of Standards
 Becomes part of everyday life
 Electronic highway tolling system

 2000-
 Exciting times await in the advancement of RFID

Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data
Capture Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.
9
Passive Tags
Have no internal power supply,
Power supplied by the reader

Cost Less Expensive--Few

Cent to a Few Dollars
Size Smaller
Power Reader
Maintenance None
Read Distance A few feet
Life Up to 20 years
Memory Around 16K
“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program” www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapers-rfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf,
10
viewed March 13, 2008.
Active Tags
Have their own internal power source,
Can have a replaceable battery
Cost More expensive--often
$20 or more
Size Larger
Power Provided by Battery
Maintenance Replacement Required
Read Distance Up to 100s of feet
Life Depends on battery life
Memory As high as 512K
“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program” www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapers-rfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf,
11
viewed March 13, 2008.
 Frequencies
 Low Frequency (LF)  Ultra-High Frequency
 125 KHz or 134KHz (UHF)
 Shorter read-range and read-  860 to 930 MHz
rate  Same cost as HF
 Less sensitive to interference  Faster Data Transfer
 High Frequency (HF)  Limited read ability
 13.56 MHz  Microwave
 Greater read-range & higher  2.45GHz or 5.8GHz
read-speed than LF  Highest data read speed
 Most expensive
 Limited read range (3ft)

ScanSource. “RFID Frequencies.” www.scansource.com/Europe/upload/RFID_Frequencies.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.

12
 Tag Attachments
 Embedded
 Usually aimed for permanent or long-term
implantation, such as animal traceability
 Attached
 Designed to be attached on the surface of identified
objects with permanent, semi-permanent or
temporary attachment means
 Injected
 Designed to have little contact or no contact with
identified objects and can be easily removed
 Digested
 Eastman Kodak has filed two patent applications for monitoring
ingestion of medicine
http://www.rfid-asia.info/2006/12/rfid-tag-attachments.htm, viewed March 13, 2008.
13
 Types of Readers

 Agile
 An agile reader is one that can read tags operating at
different frequencies or using different methods of
communication between the tags and readers.
 Intelligent
 has the ability not just to run different protocols, but
also to filter data and even run applications
 Dumb
 a simple device that might read only one type of tag
using one frequency and one protocol
RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/75, views March 13, 2008.
RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/76, viewed March 13, 2008. 14
 Access control and
identification
 Cards for access to secure areas.
Not only verifies identity but
checks if certain requirements
to enter have been met.
 Wristbands to provide access to
unattended buildings.
 Wristbands at hotels and resorts
acting as a key and as coupons
to access services

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
15
 Tracking people and objects

 Children in theme parks

 Protection of expensive objects
 Cemeteries and morgues.
 Personnel activities inside a facility
 Inmates identification and tracking

Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy
for .Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14
16
Ticketing

 Trains, subways, buses,

concerts, amusement
parks, fitness facilities, ski
resorts.
 Reduces counterfeit
 RFID tickets used in the
Soccer World Cup in
Germany in 2006. 4.8
millions Tickets sold with
no counterfeiting
problems.
 The Beijing Olympics in
2008 will have RFID tickets.

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
17
 Sports and Health
 Racecar tracking
 “ChampionChip” for time tracking
 Ski Lifts hands free access
 Golf balls

Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy for .
Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14
18
 Libraries

 From barcodes to RFID

tags.
 Faster and automatic
checkout and return.
 Faster inventory
process.
 Reduces workplace
injuries.
 No more security strips
for books.
Singh, J., Brar N., and Fong C., “The state of RFID Applications in libraries”, Information technology and libraries, Vol. 25, Iss. 1, pp 24-33
19
 Production Line Control and
Monitoring
 Car Body Production:
Flow of information
along the assembly line
for process verification.
 Identify vehicles through
assembly line prior to the
execution of a given
assembly task.

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &
Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25
20
 Production Line Control and
Monitoring
 Parts replenishment in
work stations.

 Real time progress of

production process.

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &
Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25
 Distribution and
transportation
 Receiving and check-in
 Put away and replenishment
 Order Filling
 Shipping
 Product and asset tracking

Angeles, Rebecca, “RFID technologies: Supply-Chain applications and implementation issues”, Information Systems Management,
Vol.22, Iss. 1, 2005, pp 51-66
22
 Vehicle Identification

 Fleet management
 Access to parking lots
 Railway industry
 Electronic toll collection
 Lift truck and guided
vehicle identification
 Gasoline dispensing

Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &
Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25
23
Ports

 Container security
 Container
identification and
location
 Activity tracking
 Yard Management

www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/PortTech.pdf, viewed April 6, 2008

www.speakingeye.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=401359&Ntype=2, viewed April 6,
2008.
24
Baggage handling
 Replace bar code stick labels with
RFID inlay stick labels.
 Many tags can be read at one time.
 Read-write capability is used to
record information along the way
as the bag makes its way through
the handling system.

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
25
 Health Care and pharmaceutical
industry
 Surgical equipment
 Drug Pedigree
 Blood banks
 Patient tracking

Li S., Visich J., Khumawala B., and Zhang C., “RFID technology: applications, technical challenges and strategies”, Sensor Review,
Vol.26, Iss. 3, 2006, pp 193-205
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
26
Animal Identification

 Livestock tracking
 Data critical for the
safety of food supply
 Can also be used on
pets.
 Ear tags, injectable
tags, RFID tattoos

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008

27
Animal Identification –
Somark Innovations
 ID system based on ink tattoos with chipless
RFID functionality.
 Each tattoo has a different pattern that
translates into a number when scanned.
 3 patents and 14 pending patents
 More than a hundred potential clients in several
countries.

www.somarkinnovations.com, viewed March 24, 2008

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 Other Applications

 Shopping
 Contactless payment
 Contactless checkout
 Museums and art
galleries

Wyld, David, “RFID 101: The next thing for management”, Management Research News, Vol. 29, Iss. 4, pp 154
Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy for .
Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14
29
Case Studies

 Wal-Mart
 Healthcare Service Industry in Taiwan
 RFID-based Sushi Management
 Kaufhof Department Stores and Gerry Weber
International
 Florida State University Filing System

30
Wal-Mart
 1,900,000 employees, $344.0 billion in revenue
 1,000 Discount Stores, 2,300 Supercenters nationwide
 RFID Compliance Mandate (2003) has economic strategic
implications
 600 Suppliers are currently RFID-enabled
 Goal: Drive sales of suppliers by keeping product on shelf for
consumers to buy
 RFID Trial shows cut product stock-outs by 30%
 RFID Trial shows 62% increase in efficiency

Songini, Marc L., “Procter & Gamble: Wal-Mart RFID Effort Effective” Computerworld, Feb 26, 2007, p 14.
NYJobSource.com, viewed 03/31/08 31
 Wal-Mart Case Study
8 Test Stores 8 Control Stores
May-October 2007 May-October 2007
Chosen from 1000 RFID-enabled No RFID capabilities
stores

98% of items tagged (At Case level) No tags

Auto PI system (Perpetual Inventory- No PI system (Manual count)

goods on-hand, count is usually
inaccurate due to over or
underestimates)
Outcome Average 65% wrong in inventory
PI inaccuracy decline by 13% accuracy
Decrease in manual adjustments form
3.4 to 2.0 per week
Decrease cost and increase efficiency
Hardgrave, B. “Does RFID Improve Inventory Accuracy? A Preliminary Analysis” University of Arkansas, Information
32
xfgd Technology Research Institute, March 2008.
 Healthcare in
 5 Hospitals, all early adopters
Taiwan
 Reasons for Adoption
 Track paths of infection
 Improve treatment quality and pt satisfaction
 Track patients and workers and hospital waste
 Redesign of hospital SOP to increase patient safety
 Outcomes
 Drastic changes in business processes and organization personnel
 Assessment of applications from both strategic and operational viewpoints-
strategic systems improve customer service, operational system improve efficiency of process
 Best Practices
 Consider stakeholders outside organization boundaries
 Refine operational processes
 Integrate new technology into existing business systems
 Extend business boundaries and scope

Tzeng, S., Chen, W., and Pai, F. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J.
Production Economics, June 2007, pp 601-613. 33
 Commonalities of RFID Applications
Taipei Taipei En Chu King Show Koo
Medical Municipal Hospital Chawn Foundation
University Wan Fang Memorial Sun Yat-Sen
Hospital Hospital Hospital Cancer Center
Hospital Size $500 million 740 sick beds Regional Regional 352 beds,
budget to total Teaching Hospital with ambulatory, in-
increase Hospital with 717 beds patient, and day-
efficiency 501 beds care units
Project Location-based RFID system for RFID intelligent Intelligent Specialized
service ER patients healthcare digital health healthcare system
observation/ platform/ network/
Passive tags Active and Active tags
passive tags
Reasons for Track paths of Improve Help hospital Monitor Track spread of
Adoption infection treatment redesign SOP patient T, infection and
sources quality and to provide access prevent outbreaks
patient protection for control of
satisfaction patients workers,
waste
Date of 10/2003 01/2004 01/2004 10/2003 10/2003
Adoption
Implementation Corporate with In House Corporate with Outsource Outsource
NTU HP

Outcome Success Some success: Some success: Success Success

Low usage in no wireless use
ER in surgery room
34
Tzeng et al. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J. Production Economics, June 2007, p 605.
 RFID-Based Sushi Management

 Blue C Sushi: small chain of restaurants in Seattle deliver

food to customers along conveyor belt; $1,750,000 annual revenue
 Reason for Adoption
 Concerns for the quality and safety of food
 Understand consumer buying habits
 Implementation: Microsoft Server technology combined with RFID
tags and scanners to monitor time and contents of plates while
tracking consumer purchases
 Outcome
 Improved customer service
 Immediate replenishment of food
 Simplified billing procedure and improved efficiency

Ngai, E., Suk, F., Lo, S. “Development of an RFID-based sushi management system: The case of a
conveyor-belt sushi restaurant” Int. J. Production Economics, February 2006, pp 630-645.
“Sushi Restaurant Enhances Quality Control, Customer Service with RFID” Microsoft BizTalk Server
Customer Solution Case Study.
35
 RFID in Fashion Industry
 5-month joint project Jul-Nov/2003 between retailer (Kaufhof
Department Stores-134 stores, €3.8 billion in sales) and supplier (Gerry Weber
International- 1,700 employees, €400 million in sales)
 Reason for Adoption:
 Styles, price, packaging, shelf life (fashion)
 Multi-tiered supply chain (Manufacturer, Distributors, Retailers)
 Anti-theft systems
 Outcome: beneficial for both retailer and supplier exceeding RFID costs
 Savings in time and labor costs (10 times faster in quality control, 4 times faster management of
inventory)
 Allowed for partners to try new services with supply chain partners and consumers
 As of 2006, 70% use at palette-level
 Increased data quality
 New possibilities in service offerings
 Lessons learned
 RFID is extremely reliable and accurate, but may need to be altered at times
 Recognizing Management and IT challenges determine success
 Competitive advantage gained when RFID data is used

Loebbecke, Claudia, and Palmer, Jonathan W. ”RFID in the Fashion Industry: Kaufhof Department Stores AG and Gerry Weber
36
International AG, Fashion Manufacturer” MIS Quarterly Executive June 2006 pp 69-79.
 Florida State University
Filing System
 41,000 students, $193 million in external grants
(2007)
 First educational institution to adopt 3M’s RFID
2-Part Tracking system
 Reason for Adoption:
 Missing files disrupted work
 Approximately 3500 project files and $182,000 in
research grants
 Compliance guidelines existed for federal state grants
 System up and running in two days, one for
installation, one for training of staff
 Recovered $25,000 investment in less than
1year
 Cost approximately $233,000 in looking for files
before system was implemented and now is
around $145,000-62% improvement

37
O’Connor, Mary Catherine. “RFID Brings Order to Chaotic Office” RFID Journal June 12, 2006. www.fsu.edu/about, viewed 03/31/08

Other Examples
Major Industries
 Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
 Asset Tracking
 Manufacturing and Logistics
 Postal and Courier Services
 Retail
 Military
 Air and Passenger Transportation
 Agriculture
 Inventory Systems (Boeing 787 Dreamliner)
 Textile Industry (Griva)
 Film materials
 Chemical Products Industry (Dow Chemical Company)
 Credit Cards and Identification Cards (Visa, Mastercard
PayPass, US Passports)
 Lost Pets
 Burial/Identification of the dead
 Cattle Tracking and Identification (Somark’s RFID Ink,
Canadian Cattle Identification Agency)

www.PFFC-ONLINE.com.
38
Bevan, James M. “Paper, Film and Foil Converter” RFID Labels. Vol 82, Issue 8. pp 33-35.,
Why general managers should
care about RFID
 Improved productivity and Cost Avoidance
Checkout becomes a faster process as stacks of books can be checked out
with one scan of a reader without opening or handling the books.

 Decrease cycle time and Taking costs out.

Unlike traditional barcode scanning, RFID is not a serial process, so the
business can perform identical tasks more quickly.

RFID Business Benefit. http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, view 03/20/08

39
Why general managers should care
about RFID
 Reduce Rework
As RFID scanning has a greater first time pass accuracy
this reduces the number of errors that are generated
and retries needed.

 Reduce business risk and

control of assets
RFID tagging enables better audit and asset control.
The ability to track and trace items better means assets
can be located more easily. Regulatory compliance can
be achieved more effectively. RFID Business Benefit

RFID Business Benefit.

http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, last viewed 03/20/08.

40
Why general managers should care
about RFID
 Improved utilization of  Increase revenues
resource By eliminating uncertainty
Information obtained by RFID scanning companies will suffer less “out
can be used to improve planning. of stock” situations and obtain
Processes can be improved, time can greater item availability,
be saved, assets can be utilized better.
reducing lost sales and
increasing choice leading to
more sales.

RFID Business Benefit

http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.html, viewed 03/20/08.

41
Why general managers should care
about RFID
 Exception management
The contribution information captured by RFID offers
to IT applications will allow managers in companies to
be alerted when compensatory business decisions
need to be taken.

RFID Business Benefit http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm,

Viewed 03/20/08.

42
Problems with RFID
Technical problem with RFID
 Problem with RFID standard.
RFID has been used in different ways by different manufacturers. The
frequencies used for RFID in the USA are currently incompatible with
those of Europe or Japan. This can cause problems for companies.
Moreover, consumer have problems with RFID standard. For example,
Exxon Mobil’s SpeedPass system is a proprietary RFID system; if
another company wanted to use the convenient SpeedPass, they have
to pay to access it. If every company had their own SpeedPass system,
a consumer would need to carry many different devices with them.

Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.

43
Problems with RFID

 RFID systems can be easily disrupted

Since RFID systems make use of the electromagnetic
spectrum, they are relatively easy to jam using energy at
the right frequency. This problem could be disastrous in
business where RFID is increasingly used, like hospitals or
in the military in the field.

Problems with RFID.

http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.

44
Problems with RFID

 RFID reader collision

Reader collision occurs when the signals from two or more
reader overlap. The tag is unable to respond to
simultaneous queries.

 RFID tag collision

tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a small
area; but since the read time is very fast, it is easier for
vendors to develop systems that ensure that tags respond
one at a time.
Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.

45
Problems with RFID
 Cancer risk
Veterinary and toxicology studies spanning the last ten years
surfaced indicating that RFID chips induced malignant
tumors in laboratory animals. However, there are some
controversies. VeriChip Corp. maintains that the chips are
completely safe and that they were unaware of the studies.

Radio-frequency identification. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID, viewed 3/26/2008.

Logo of the anti-RFID campaign by
German privacy group FoeBuD

46
Problems with RFID
Security and privacy
problems with RFID

 Loss of privacy
How would you like it if, one day your realized your underwear was reporting
on your whereabouts?
 Tag can be read at a distance, it become possible to gather sensitive data
about individual without consent. For example, an RFID tag can be read
after the item leaves the supply chain, this allows anyone to see the
contents of your purse as pocket as you walk down the street.

Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.

47
Security and privacy
problems with RFID
 RFID tags with unique serial numbers could be
linked to an individual credit card number.

 At present, each individual item has its own number. When the
item is scanned for purchase and is paid for, the RFID tag number
for a particular item can be associated with a credit card number.

Problems with RFID. http://www technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?Atrium=20, viewed 3/26/2008.

48
 Future of RFID

 RFID will replace  RFID’s price will

barcode. reduces
RFID is a great tool for the With mass production, their
supply chain and companies price eventually reduces to
wishing to better track their perhaps a cent.
products and inventory. As a
result, it will definitely become
a requirement for all suppliers
to use RFID tags when the tag
become affordable.

RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger.

http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.

49
 Future of RFID

 RFID chips are no bigger than grains of sand.

Future of RFID. http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.

50
 Future of RFID
 Every item in house Example.

will eventually come

from the store with a
tiny, almost invisible
RFID tag attached.

Medical alert bracelet : It's a Medical

Alert Bracelet which keeps the person
wearing it informed about their online
medical history and gets in touch with
assistance in case of any emergency.
http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed 03/31/08.

51
 Future of RFID
 Every item in
Example.
house will
eventually come
from the store
with a tiny, almost
Lady Bag : it uses RFID tags to keep a track on items
invisible RFID tag
inside it and icons pertaining to missing items appear
attached. on the LED screen on the outside of the bag. It even
gives a hint of our emotional side with emoticons
displaying whether you are happy, sad, angry or
nervous.
http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed 03/31/08.

52
 Future of RFID
 Most of the retailers and
restaurants will use RFID to
track condition of goods.
Ex. Retailers install sensors with RFID tags in
order to monitor food temperature during
foods’ shipment to prevent spoilage or The
store can identify individual foods that are
going to spoil.

Pintokona which is a restaurant in Japan is

putting RFID technology to use in order to
ensure that only the most fresh fish is served to
its esteemed customers.
RFID: Radio Frequency identification a look into the future
http://www.ils.unc.edu/~cbarthol/inls187/Future%20Forecast/futureforecast.htm
viewed 03/26/08.

53
 The RFID software, hardware and services
market size in 2010 ( Worldwide)

North America is expected to have a market share of $2.7 billion, compared to $2.0 billion
for EMEA and a combined share of $1.4 billion from Asia Pacific and the rest of the world
making up the remainder of the total RFID market in 2010.

North America to lead RFID market : http://www.rfid-weblog.com/archives/north_america_to_lead_rfid_market.html,

viewed April 10 , 2008 54
 History of RFID spending and expectation

$26 Billion RFID Industry by 2015:http://www.rfid-

weblog.com/50226711/26_billion_rfid_industry_by_2015.php, viewed April 10 2008
RFID market to reach $7.26Bn in 2008 New RFID Market Analysis:
http://www.idtechex.com/products/en/articles/00000169.asp , view April 10,2008
American barcode and RFID q&A: http://www.abrfid.com/rfid/articles/questions-answers.aspx, viewed
April 10,2008
55
 Future of RFID
Two data-points suggest that RFID
 Public perception Of may undergo from Renaissance to
contemporary biological
RFID metaphors in the next few years.
RFID would probably seem less alien
and intrusive since RFID Tags were I. Hitachi has announced development of
what it's calling "RFID powder," RFID tags
tailored to different functions and "measuring 0.05 x 0.05 mm" and 5 microns
industries. thick, "which they aim to begin marketing in
2 to 3 years
II. The second data-point is a patent filing by
Kodak for an edible-- and more important,
digestible-- RFID tag. (The patent describes
it as a "System to monitor the ingestion of
medicines")

RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger

http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.

56
Questions???

57
 References
 Angeles, Rebecca, “RFID technologies: Supply-Chain applications and implementation issues”, Information
Systems Management, Vol.22, Iss. 1, 2005, pp 51-66
 Bevan, James M. “Paper, Film and Foil Converter” RFID Labels. Vol 82, Issue 8. pp 33-35.
 Hardgrave, B. “Does RFID Improve Inventory Accuracy? A Preliminary Analysis” University of Arkansas,
Information Technology Research Institute, March 2008.
 “How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program”
www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapers-rfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.
 http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
 Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data
Capture Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.
 Li S., Visich J., Khumawala B., and Zhang C., “RFID technology: applications, technical challenges and strategies”,
Sensor Review, Vol.26, Iss. 3, 2006, pp 193-205
 Loebbecke, Claudia, and Palmer, Jonathan W. ”RFID in the Fashion Industry: Kaufhof Department Stores AG and
Gerry Weber International AG, Fashion Manufacturer” MIS Quarterly Executive June 2006 pp 69-79.
 Ngai, E., Suk, F., Lo, S. “Development of an RFID-based sushi management system: The case of a conveyor-belt
sushi restaurant” Int. J. Production Economics, February 2006, pp 630-645.
 O’Connor, Mary Catherine. “RFID Brings Order to Chaotic Office” RFID Journal June 12, 2006.
 RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/75, views March 13, 2008.
 RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/76, viewed March 13, 2008.
 ScanSource. “RFID Frequencies.” www.scansource.com/Europe/upload/RFID_Frequencies.pdf, viewed March 13,
2008.

58
References
 Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
 Singh, J., Brar N., and Fong C., “The state of RFID Applications in libraries”, Information technology and libraries,
Vol. 25, Iss. 1, pp 24-33
 Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”,
Information management & Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25
 Songini, Marc L., “Procter & Gamble: Wal-Mart RFID Effort Effective” Computerworld, Feb 26, 2007, p 14.
 Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and
strategy for .Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14
 “Sushi Restaurant Enhances Quality Control, Customer Service with RFID” Microsoft BizTalk Server Customer
Solution Case Study
 Tzeng, S., Chen, W., and Pai, F. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J.
Production Economics, June 2007, pp 601-613.
 www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/PortTech.pdf, viewed April 6, 2008.
 www.fsu.edu/about, viewed 03/31/08.
 www.NYJobSource.com, viewed 03/31/08.
 www.PFFC-ONLINE.com, viewed 03/31/08.
 www.rfid-asia.info/2006/12/rfid-tag-attachments.htm, viewed March 13, 2008.
 www.somarkinnovations.com, viewed March 24, 2008
 Wyld, David, “RFID 101: The next thing for management”, Management Research News, Vol. 29, Iss. 4, pp 154
 RFID Business Benefit. http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, view March 26,2008
 Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed March 26,2008
 Radio-frequency identification. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID, viewed March 26,2008
 http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed March 31,2008

59
References
 Future of RFID. http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html. ,viewed March 26,2008
 RFID: Radio Frequency identification a look into the future http://www.ils.unc.edu/~cbarthol/inls187/Future
%20Forecast/futureforecast.htm viewed 03/26/08. viewed March 26,2008
 RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html. viewed March 26,2008
 $26 Billion RFID Industry by 2015:http://www.rfid-weblog.com/50226711/26_billion_rfid_industry_by_2015.php,
viewed April 10 2008
 RFID market to reach $7.26Bn in 2008 New RFID Market Analysis:
http://www.idtechex.com/products/en/articles/00000169.asp , view April 10,2008
 American barcode and RFID q&A: http://www.abrfid.com/rfid/articles/questions-answers.aspx, viewed April
10,2008
 North America to lead RFID market : http://www.rfid-
weblog.com/archives/north_america_to_lead_rfid_market.html, viewed April 10 , 2008
 RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/16/49 Viewed March 30, 2008
 “How RFID Works,” http://www.technology.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=2 Viewed March 31, 2008
 “Advantages of RFID Versus Barcodes,” http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=60 Viewed March
31, 2008.
 Hont, Susy d. “The Cutting Edge of RFID Technology and Applications for Manufacturing and Distribution,”
www.ti.com/rfid/docs/manuals/whtPapers/manuf_dist.pdf Viewed March 15, 2008.
 “How RFID Works,” http://www.aeanet.org/GovernmentAffairs/gais_HowRFID_Works.asp Viewed March 20, 2008.

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