Desired Ethical Values (Akhlāq Hasanah) Vs.

Undesirable Ethical Values (Akhlaq Sayyiah)

Dr. Muhammad Tahir

Assistant Professor/ HOD Islamic Studies
Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities
[email protected]
[email protected]
Mobile: 0300-7941178
 Session Objectives
• To highlights ethical qualities and
moral characteristics of Believers
(Muslims)
• Islamic standpoint on Desired Ethical
Values (Akhlāq Hasanah) Vs.
Undesirable Ethical Values (Akhlaq
Sayyiah)
• To reflect upon Desired Ethical Values
(Akhlāq Hasanah) Vs. Undesirable
Ethical Values (Akhlaq Sayyiah) of a
Believer (Muslim)
Need of a Holistic Model of Conduct
• Basically, Islamic ethics involves the ethics of the Prophet
(‫)ﷺ‬, which are based on revelation.
)68:4( ‫يم‬ ٍ ُ‫• َوإِنَّ َك لَ َعلى ُخل‬
ٍ ‫ق َع ِظ‬
(And indeed, you (Muhammad ‫ )ﷺ‬are of a
great moral character)
‫ا الَ يَ ْعنِي ِه‬N‫ تَ ْر َكهُ َم‬N‫الَ ِم ا ْل َم ْر ِء‬N‫س‬ ْ ‫ْن ُح‬N ‫لم " إِنَّ ِم‬N‫و ُل هَّللا ِ صلى هللا عليه وس‬N‫س‬
ْ ِ‫ ِن إ‬N‫س‬ ُ ‫• قا َل َر‬
"
(Surely, of the excellence of a person's Islam is that he
leaves what does not concern him) [at-Tirmidhi, 2318]
• The Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬: "A man who is
known for his good character has the same
degree as someone who stands at night in
prayer.“ (Bukhari, 284)
Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Truth Vs. Lie (‫لكذب‬NN‫لصدقوا‬NN‫)ا‬
)9:119( ‫ين‬
َ ِ‫صا ِدق‬ َ ‫• يَا أَيُّ َها الَّ ِذ‬
َّ ‫ين آ َمنُوا اتَّقُوا هَّللا َ َو ُكونُوا َم َع ال‬
(O Belivers! Have Taqwa (fear) of Allah, and be with those who are true)
• The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said: It is obligatory for you to tell
the truth, for truth leads to virtue and virtue leads to Paradise,
and the man who continues to speak the truth and endeavours
to tell the truth is eventually recorded as truthful with Allah,
and beware of telling of a lie for telling of a lie leads to
obscenity and obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the person who
keeps telling lies and endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a
liar with Allah. (Sahih Muslim, H: 6309).
• The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said, "The signs of a hypocrite are
three: Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie; and whenever he
promises, he breaks his promise; and whenever he is
entrusted, he betrays ". (Sahih al-Bukhari, H: 6091)
Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Trust Vs. Mistrust (‫لخيانة‬NN‫ألمانة وا‬NN‫)ا‬
َ ‫سو َل َوتَ ُخونُو ْا أَ َمانَاتِ ُك ْم َوأَنتُ ْم تَ ْعلَ ُم‬
)8:27( ‫ون‬ ُ ‫ين آ َمنُو ْا ال تَ ُخونُوا هّللا َ َولَ َّر‬ َ ‫• يَا أَ ُّي َها الَّ ِذ‬
(O you who believe! Do not betray the trust of Allah and the
Messenger, nor betray your trusts, and you know).
)4:58( ‫ت إِلَى أَ ْهلِ َها‬ ِ ‫• إِ َّن هّللا َ يَأْ ُم ُر ُك ْم أَن تُؤ ُّدو ْا األَ َمانَا‬
(Allah command you to render back your trusts to those to
whom they are due).
‫وذ ِب َك ِم َن ا ْل ِخيَانَ ِة‬ ُ ‫وع َوأَ ُع‬ِ ‫وذ ِب َك ِم َن ا ْل ُج‬ ُ ‫• اللَّ ُه َّم إِنِّي أَ ُع‬
(O Allah, I seek refuge in You from hunger, (for it is an evil bed-
fellow); and I seek refuge in You from betrayal, (for it is an evil
hidden trait).
• The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said: “He who swears by
Amanah (faithfulness) is not one of us” (Abu Dawud, H:
3247); “They will be treacherous and untrustworthy”
Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values

• Forbearance, Tolerance, and Modesty

(‫لحياء‬NN‫ألناة وا‬N ‫ وا‬N‫لحلم‬NN‫)ا‬
• Ibn Abbas narrated that the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said to
Ashajj 'Abdul-Qais: "Indeed there are two traits in you that
Allah loves: Forbearance and tolerance." (at-Tirmidhi, H:
2011); “You have two characteristics that Allah likes:
Forbearance and modesty.” (Ibn Majah, 4188).
• “Every deen has an innate character. The character of Islam
is modesty” (Muwatta, 1644); "Al-Haya' is part of faith” (at-
Tirmidhi, H: 2615); "Haya' does not bring anything except
good” (Bukhari, 6117); “If you don't feel ashamed (from
Haya': pious shyness) do whatever you like” (Bukhari,
6120) “Modesty is a branch of Iman” (Muslim, 35)
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Bravery Vs. Cowardice (‫لجبن‬NN‫لش ََّجا َعة وا‬NN‫)ا‬
َ ‫ين آَ َمنُوا إِ َذا لَقِيتُ ْم فِئَةً فَا ْثبُتُوا َو ْاذ ُك ُروا هَّللا َ َكثِي ًرا لَ َعلَّ ُك ْم تُ ْفلِ ُح‬
)8:45( ‫ون‬ َ ‫• يَا أَيُّ َها الَّ ِذ‬
• (O you who believe! When you are against a group, stand firm and
remember Allah very much, so that you may prosper).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬was asked which of the men fights in the way
of Allah: (one who fights) for displaying his valor; (a man who) fights out of
his family pride and (a man who) fights for the sake of show, who amongst
these fights in the way of Allah? The Prophet ‫ ))ﷺ‬said: “Who
fights that the word of Allah be exalted fights in the way of Allah”
(Muslim, 4685)
‫ َوأَ ُعو ُذ بِ َك أَنْ أُ َر َّد إِلَى أَ ْر َذ ِل‬،‫ َوأَ ُعو ُذ بِ َك ِم َن ا ْل ُج ْب ِن‬،‫• اللَّ ُه َّم إِنِّي أَ ُعو ُذ بِ َك ِم َن ا ْلبُ ْخ ِل‬
ِ ‫ َوأَ ُعو ُذ بِ َك ِمنْ َع َذا‬،‫ َوأَ ُعو ُذ بِ َك ِمنْ فِ ْتنَ ِة ال ُّد ْنيَا‬،‫ا ْل ُع ُم ِر‬
‫ب ا ْلقَ ْب ِر‬
"O Allah! I seek refuge with You from miserliness; and seek refuge with
You from cowardice; and seek refuge with You from being sent back to
geriatric old age; and I seek refuge with You from the affliction of this
world; and seek refuge with You from the punishment of the grave."
(Bukhari, 6365)
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Forgiveness (‫لعفو‬NN‫)ا‬
َ ِ‫ض َع ِن ا ْل َجا ِهل‬
)7:199( ‫ين‬ ِ ‫• ُخ ِذ ا ْل َع ْف َو َو ْأ ُم ْر بِا ْل ُع ْر‬
ْ ‫ف َوأَ ْع ِر‬
(Show forgiveness, enjoin what is good, and turn away from the foolish).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬stood upon the Minbar the first year (of
Hijrah), then wept, and said: “Ask Allah for pardon and Al-`Āfiyah, for
verily, none has been given anything better than Al-`Āfiyah.” (at-Tirmidhi,
3558)
‫سأَلُ َك ا ْل َع ْف َو‬
ْ َ‫ي أ‬Nِّ‫ اللَّ ُهمَّ إِن‬N‫اآلخ َر ِة‬
ِ ‫ا َو‬Nَ‫ي ال ُّد ْني‬Nِ‫ ف‬N‫أَلُ َك ا ْل َع ْف َو َوا ْل َعافِيَ َة‬N‫س‬ ْ َ‫ي أ‬Nِّ‫• اللَّهُمَّ إِن‬
‫ َر ْو َعاتِي‬N‫ي َوآ ِم ْن‬Nِ‫تُ ْر َع ْو َرات‬N‫س‬ ْ ‫ي اللَّ ُهمَّ ا‬Nِ‫ي َو َمال‬Nِ‫ َوأَ ْهل‬N‫ى‬ َ ‫ي َو ُد ْنيَا‬Nِ‫ي ِدين‬Nِ‫ ف‬Nَ‫َوا ْل َعافِيَة‬
ُ ‫ْن فَ ْوقِي َوأَ ُع‬N ‫ي َو ِم‬Nِ‫ش َمال‬
‫وذ‬ ِ ‫ْن‬N ‫ي َو َع‬Nِ‫ْن يَ ِمين‬N ‫ي َو َع‬Nِ‫ْن َخ ْلف‬N ‫ى َو ِم‬ ْ َ‫احف‬
َّ ‫ يَ َد‬N‫ْن بَ ْي ِن‬N ‫ي ِم‬Nِ‫ظن‬ ْ ‫َو‬
‫بِ َك أَنْ أُ ْغتَا َل ِمنْ تَ ْحتِي‬
“O Allah, I ask You for forgiveness and well-being in this world and in the
Hereafter. O Allah, I ask You for forgiveness and well-being in my
religious and my worldly affairs. O Allah, conceal my faults, calm my
fears, and protect me from before me and behind me, from my right and
my left, and from above me, and I seek refuge in You from being taken
Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Patience Vs. Impatience (‫ب‬N‫إلضطرا‬NN‫لصبر وا‬NN‫)ا‬
َ ‫صا ِب ُرو ْا َو َرا ِبطُو ْا َواتَّقُو ْا هّللا َ لَ َعلَّ ُك ْم تُ ْفلِ ُح‬
)3:200( ‫ون‬ َ ‫• يَا أَ ُّي َها الَّ ِذ‬
ْ ‫ين آ َمنُو ْا‬
َ ‫اص ِب ُرو ْا َو‬
(O you who trust, be patient, and vie [strive and struggle] in
patience; be steadfast and fear Allah, perhaps you will profit).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: “True patience is that
which comes at the first blow” (Sunan an-Nasai, 1869)
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: “He who patiently
endures the hardships of it (of this city of Medina), I
would be an intercessor or a witness on his behalf on the
Day of Resurrection.” (Muslim , 3180)
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: the Salah is light; the
Zakah is a sign (of sincerity); patience is an illuminating
torch; and the Qur'an is proof, either for you or against
you.“ (Sunan an-Nasai, 2437)
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Kindness Vs. Badness (‫لسوء‬NN‫إلحسانوا‬NN‫)ا‬
‫ لَ َعلَّ ُك ْم‬N‫ يَ ِعظُ ُك ْم‬N‫ َوا ْل ُم ْن َك ِر َوا ْلبَ ْغ ِي‬N‫ ا ْلفَ ْحشَا ِء‬N‫ى َع ِن‬N‫ى َويَ ْن َه‬Nَ‫ ِذي ا ْلقُ ْرب‬N‫ان َوإِيتَا ِء‬ِ N‫س‬ َ ‫اإل ْح‬ ِ ‫ َو‬N‫• إِنَّ هَّللا َ يَأْ ُم ُر بِا ْل َع ْد ِل‬
)16:90( ‫ون‬ َ ‫تَ َذ َّك ُر‬
(Allah commands justice and doing good and giving to relatives. And
He forbids indecency [obscenity] and doing wrong and tyranny
[oppression]. He warns you so that hopefully you will pay heed).
)55:60( ‫ان‬ ُ ‫س‬ ِ َّ‫ان إِال‬
َ ‫اإل ْح‬ ِ ‫س‬ َ ‫اإل ْح‬ِ ‫• َه ْل َج َزا ُء‬
)Is the repayment of kindness anything except kindness?(
)16:128( ‫ون‬ َ ُ‫ين ُه ْم ُم ْح ِسن‬ َ ‫ين اتَّقَ ْوا َوالَّ ِذ‬ َ ‫• إِنَّ هَّللا َ َم َع الَّ ِذ‬
(Truly, Allah is with those who fear Him (keep their duty unto Him),
and those who are Muhsinun [good-doers]).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: “‫ ْى ٍء‬N ‫ش‬ َ ‫ل‬Nِّ N‫ى ُك‬Nَ‫ َان َعل‬N‫س‬َ ‫إل ْح‬Nِ N‫تَ َبا‬N‫ َّن هَّللا َ َك‬Nِ‫“ ”إ‬Verily
Allah has enjoined goodness to everything” (Muslim, 4810).
• "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬replied, "To
worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of
devotion then you must consider that He is looking at you"(Bukhari, 48)
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Moderate Vs. Immoderate (‫ف‬N‫سرا‬
ْ ‫إل‬NN‫لوا‬NN‫إلعتدا‬NN‫)ا‬
ِ ‫ش َه َدا َء َعلَى النَّا‬
)2:143( ‫س‬ َ ‫• َو َك َذلِ َك َج َع ْلنَا ُك ْم أُ َّمةً َو‬
ُ ‫سطًا لِتَ ُكونُوا‬
(Thus, we have made you a just and the best nation that you might be
witnesses Over mankind).
َ ‫ا أَ ْح‬N‫نْ َك َم‬N‫س‬
‫ َن هَّللا ُ إِلَ ْي َك َواَل‬N‫س‬ ِ ‫ا َوأَ ْح‬Nَ‫ ال ُّد ْني‬N‫يبَ َك ِم َن‬N‫ص‬
ِ َ‫ ن‬N‫س‬َ ‫ َواَل تَ ْن‬Nَ‫َك هَّللا ُ ال َّدا َر اآْل ِخ َرة‬N ‫ا آتَا‬N‫ فِي َم‬N‫• َوا ْبتَ ِغ‬
)28:77( ‫ين‬ َ ‫س ِد‬ ِ ‫سا َد فِي اأْل َ ْر‬
ِ ‫ض إِ َّن هَّللا َ اَل يُ ِح ُّب ا ْل ُم ْف‬ َ َ‫تَ ْب ِغ ا ْلف‬
)But seek, through that which Allah has given you, the home of the
Hereafter; and [yet], do not forget your share of the world. And do good
as Allah has done good to you. And desire not corruption in the land.
Indeed, Allah does not like corrupters(
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: "Religion is very easy and whoever
overburdens himself in his religion will not be able to continue in that
way. So you should not be extremists, but try to be near to perfection and
receive the good tidings that you will be rewarded; and gain strength by
worshipping in the mornings, the afternoons, and during the last hours
of the nights." (Muslim, 4810).
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Altruism (Selflessness) Vs. Selfishness (‫ألنانيّة‬N ‫إليثَار وا‬N ‫)ا‬
َ ‫ق ش َُّح نَ ْف ِس ِه فَأُو ٰلَئِ َك ُه ُم ا ْل ُم ْفلِ ُح‬
)59:9( ‫ون‬ َ ‫اصةٌ َو َمنْ يُو‬
َ ‫ص‬ َ ‫ون َعلَ ٰى أَ ْنفُ ِس ِه ْم َولَ ْو َك‬
َ ‫ان بِ ِه ْم َخ‬ َ ‫• َويُ ْؤثِ ُر‬
(And give them (emigrants) preference over themselves, even though they
were in need of that. And whosoever is saved from his own covetousness
(greediness), such are they who will be the successful).
‫ى َوا ْليَتَا َمى‬Nَ‫ َذ ِوي ا ْلقُ ْرب‬N‫ى ُحبِّ ِه‬Nَ‫ َعل‬N‫ى ا ْل َما َل‬Nَ‫ َوآت‬N‫ َوالنَّبِيِّي َن‬N‫ب‬ِ ‫ َوا ْل ِكتَا‬N‫ اآْل ِخ ِر َوا ْل َماَل ئِ َك ِة‬N‫ بِاهَّلل ِ َوا ْليَ ْو ِم‬N‫ْن آ َم َن‬N ‫ن ا ْلبِ َّر َم‬Nَّ ‫• َولَ ِك‬
)2:177( ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ين َوفِي ال ِّرقَا‬ َ ِ‫سائِل‬ َّ ‫يل َوال‬ ِ ِ‫سب‬ َّ ‫ين َوا ْب َن ال‬ َ ‫سا ِك‬ َ ‫َوا ْل َم‬
)But righteousness is one who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the
Book, and the prophets and gives wealth, in spite of love for it, to relatives,
orphans, the needy, the traveler, those who ask [help], and for freeing slaves(
)3:92( ‫َي ٍء فَإِنَّ هَّللا َ بِ ِه َعلِي ٌم‬ ْ ‫ون ۚ َو َما تُ ْن ِفقُوا ِمنْ ش‬ َ ‫• لَنْ تَنَالُوا ا ْلبِ َّر َحتَّىٰ تُ ْنفِقُوا ِم َّما تُ ِح ُّب‬
(Never will you attain the good until you spend [in the way of Allah] from that
which you love. And whatever you spend indeed, Allah is Knowing of it).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬was the most generous of all the people, Allah's
Messenger‫ ) )ﷺ‬then used to be more generous than the fast
wind." (Bukhari, 3554). A man said: 'O Messenger of Allah, which kind of
charity is best? He said: 'Giving charity when you are in good health, and
feeling stingy, hoping for a long life and fearing poverty."‘(Nasai, 2542).
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Gentleness Vs. Harshness ‫ف‬ ( ‫لعن‬NN‫قوا‬N‫لرف‬NN‫)ا‬
ِ ‫ظًا َغ ِليظَ ا ْلقَ ْل‬
ُّ َ‫ب اَل ْنف‬
)3:159( ‫ضوا ِمنْ َح ْو ِل َك‬ ّ َ‫• فَبِ َما َر ْح َم ٍة ِم َن هَّللا ِ لِ ْن َت لَ ُه ْم ۖ َولَ ْو ُك ْن َت ف‬
(And by the Mercy of Allah, you dealt with them gently. And had you been severe and
harsh-hearted, they would have broken away from about you).
َ N‫ بِ َم ْن‬N‫َك ُه َو أَ ْعلَ ُم‬N َّ‫ن َرب‬Nَّ ِ‫ ُن إ‬N‫س‬
ْ‫ َعن‬N‫ض َّل‬ َ ‫ أَ ْح‬N‫ي ِه َي‬Nِ‫ بِالَّت‬N‫نَ ِة َو َجا ِد ْل ُه ْم‬N‫س‬ َ ‫ َوا ْل َم ْو ِع‬N‫َك بِا ْل ِح ْك َم ِة‬N ِّ‫يل َرب‬
َ ‫ ا ْل َح‬N‫ظ ِة‬ َ ‫ى‬Nَ‫ إِل‬N‫• ا ْد ُع‬
ِ ِ‫ب‬N‫س‬
)16:125( ‫ين‬ َ ‫سبِيلِ ِه َو ُه َو أَ ْعلَ ُم بِا ْل ُم ْهتَ ِد‬
َ
(Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them
in a way that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His
way, and He is most knowing of who is [rightly] guided).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: "O Aisha! Allah is kind and lenient and likes
that one should be kind and lenient in all matters.” (Bukhari, 6927). "Allah is
Gentle and loves gentleness, and He grants reward for it that He does not grant
for harshness." (Ibn Majah, 3668). "Religion is very easy and whoever
overburdens himself in his religion will not be able to continue in that way. So
you should not be extremists, but try to be near to perfection and receive the
good tidings that you will be rewarded; and gain strength by worshipping in the
mornings, the afternoons, and during the last hours of the
nights."(Bukhari,n39). "Whoever was given his share of gentleness, then he has
been given a share of good. And whoever has been prevented from his share of
gentleness, then he has been prevented from his share of good.” (Tirmidhi, 2013)
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Justice Vs. Injustice (N‫لظلم‬NN‫دل وا‬N‫لع‬NN‫)ا‬
َ ‫ تَ َذ َّك ُر‬N‫ لَ َعلَّ ُك ْم‬N‫ يَ ِعظُ ُك ْم‬N‫ َوا ْل ُم ْن َك ِر َوا ْلبَ ْغ ِي‬N‫ ا ْلفَ ْحشَا ِء‬N‫ َع ِن‬N‫ َويَ ْن َه ٰى‬N‫ ِذي ا ْلقُ ْربَ ٰى‬N‫ان َوإِيتَا ِء‬
‫ون‬ ِ N‫س‬ َ ‫ َواإْل ِ ْح‬N‫• إِنَّ هَّللا َ يَأْ ُم ُر بِا ْل َع ْد ِل‬
)16:90(
(Indeed, Allah orders justice and good conduct and giving to relatives and
forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression. He admonishes you that
perhaps you will be reminded).
)5:9( ‫ون‬ َ ُ‫ب لِلتَّ ْق َو ٰى ۖ َواتَّقُوا هَّللا َ ۚ إِنَّ هَّللا َ َخبِي ٌر بِ َما تَ ْع َمل‬ ُ ‫• ا ْع ِدلُوا ُه َو أَ ْق َر‬
(Be just; that is nearer to righteousness. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is
Acquainted with what you do).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: "Those who are just and fair will be with
Allah, Most High, on thrones of light, at the right hand of the Most Merciful,
those who are just in their rulings and in their dealings with their families
and those of whom they are in charge." Muhammad (one of the narrators)
said in his Hadith: "And both of His hands are right hands." (Nasai, 5379).
The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: "addressed (people) saying: O people,
those who have gone before you were destroyed, because if any one of high
rank committed theft amongst them, they spared him; and if anyone of low
rank committed theft, they inflicted the prescribed punishment upon him.”
Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Justice Vs. Injustice (N‫لظلم‬NN‫دل وا‬N‫لع‬NN‫)ا‬
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: "The inmates of Paradise
are three: One who wields authority and is just and fair, one who
is truthful and has been endowed with power to do good deeds.
And the person who is merciful and kind hearted towards his
relatives and to every pious Muslim, And one who does not stretch
his hand in spite of having a large family to support. And He said:
The inmates of Hell are five: the weak who lack power to
(avoid evil), the (carefree) who pursue (everything irrespective of
the fact that it is good or evil) and who do not have any care for
their family or for their wealth. And those dishonest whose greed
cannot be concealed even in the case of minor things. And the
third. who betray you. morning and evening, in regard to your
family and your property. He also made a mention of the miser and
the liar and those who are in the habit of abusing people and using
obscene and foul language. ." (Muslim, 2865).
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Modesty Vs. Filth (Immodesty) (‫لفُ ْح ٌش‬NN‫لحياء وا‬NN‫)ا‬
‫ َج ِمي ًعا‬N‫ى هَّللا ِ َم ْر ِج ُع ُك ْم‬Nَ‫ ۚ إِل‬N‫ض َّل إِ َذا ا ْهتَ َد ْيتُ ْم‬ َ ُ‫ أَ ْنف‬N‫ آ َمنُوا َعلَ ْي ُك ْم‬N‫ا الَّ ِذي َن‬N‫ا أَيُّ َه‬Nَ‫• ي‬
ُ َ‫ ُك ْم ۖ اَل ي‬N‫س‬
َ ‫ْن‬N ‫ َم‬N‫ض ُّر ُك ْم‬
)5:105( ‫ون‬ َ ُ‫فَيُنَبِّئُ ُك ْم بِ َما ُك ْنتُ ْم تَ ْع َمل‬
(O you who have believed, upon you is [responsibility for] yourselves. Those
who have gone astray will not harm you when you have been guided. To Allah
is you return all together; then He will inform you of what you used to do).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: ‘Allah will question His slave on the Day
of Resurrection, until He says: “What kept you from denouncing evil when
you saw it?” When Allah grants His slave a response, he will say: “O Lord, I
hoped for Your mercy but I feared the people.” (Ibn Majah, 4017).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: “Every deen has an innate character. The
character of Islam is modesty” (Muwatta, 1644); "Al-Haya' is part of faith”
(at-Tirmidhi, H: 2615); "Haya' does not bring anything except good”
(Bukhari, 6117); “If you don't feel ashamed (from Haya': pious shyness) do
whatever you like” (Bukhari, 6120) “Modesty is a branch of Iman”
(Muslim, 35); “The Prophet ‫ ))ﷺ‬was more shy (from Haya':
pious shyness from committing religious indiscretions) than a veiled virgin
girl.” (Bukhari, 6120).
Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Grateful Vs. Ungrateful (‫لكفر‬NN‫لشكر وا‬NN‫)ا‬
)16:18( ‫صو َها ۗ إِنَّ هَّللا َ لَ َغفُو ٌر َر ِحي ٌم‬ ُ ‫• َوإِنْ تَ ُعدُّوا نِ ْع َمةَ هَّللا ِ اَل تُ ْح‬
(And if you would count the graces of Allah, never could you be able to count
them. Truly! Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful).
َ َ‫ش َك ْرتُ ْم أَل َ ِزي َدنَّ ُك ْم ۖ َولَئِنْ َكفَ ْرتُ ْم إِنَّ َع َذا ِبي ل‬
)14:7( ‫ش ِدي ٌد‬ َ ْ‫• َوإِ ْذ تَأَ َّذ َن َر ُّب ُك ْم لَئِن‬
(And (remember) when your Lord proclaimed: “If you give thanks (by accepting
Faith and worshipping), I will give you more (of My Blessings, favors), but if you
are thankless (i.e. deny, disbelieves), verily! My Punishment is indeed severe”).
)2:152( ‫ون‬ ِ ‫ش ُك ُروا لِي َواَل تَ ْكفُ ُر‬ ْ ‫اذ ُك ُرو ِني أَ ْذ ُك ْر ُك ْم َوا‬ ْ َ‫• ف‬
(Therefore, remember Me (by praying, glorifying, etc.). I will remember you, and
be grateful to Me (for My countless Favors) and never be ungrateful to Me).
)And few of My servants/slaves are grateful( )34:13( ‫ش ُكو ُر‬ َّ ‫ي ال‬َ ‫• َوقَلِي ٌل ِمنْ ِعبَا ِد‬
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: “Strange are the ways of a believer for
there is good in every affair of his and this is not the case with anyone else
except in the case of a believer for if he has an occasion to feel delight, he
thanks (God), thus there is a good for him in it, and if he gets into trouble
and shows resignation (and endures it patiently), there is a good for him in
it.” (Muslim, 2999).
Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Humility Vs. Arrogance (‫لتکبر‬NN‫ وا‬N‫ضع‬N‫لتوا‬NN‫)ا‬
)16:18( ٌ ‫ساَل ًما‬ َ ‫ون قَالُوا‬ َ ُ‫ض َه ْونًا َوإِ َذا َخاطَبَ ُه ُم ا ْل َجا ِهل‬ ِ ‫ُون َعلَى اأْل َ ْر‬ َ ‫ين يَ ْمش‬ َ ‫• َو ِعبَا ُد ال َّر ْح ٰ َم ِن الَّ ِذ‬
(And the slaves of the Most Beneficent (Allah) are those who walk on the
earth in humility and solemnity, and when the foolish address them (with
bad words) they reply back with mild words of gentleness).
)31:18( ‫َال فَ ُخو ٍر‬ ِ ‫ش فِي اأْل َ ْر‬
ٍ ‫ض َم َر ًحا ۖ إِنَّ هَّللا َ اَل يُ ِح ُّب ُك َّل ُم ْخت‬ ِ ‫س َواَل تَ ْم‬ ِ ‫ص ِّع ْر َخ َّد َك لِلنَّا‬ َ ُ‫• َواَل ت‬
(And turn not your face away from men with pride, nor walk in insolence
through the earth. Verily, Allah likes not each arrogant boaster).
)17:37( ‫ض َولَنْ تَ ْبلُ َغ ا ْل ِجبَا َل طُواًل‬ َ ‫ق اأْل َ ْر‬َ ‫ض َم َر ًحا ۖ إِنَّ َك لَنْ تَ ْخ ِر‬ ِ ‫ش فِي اأْل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫• َواَل تَ ْم‬
(And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can
neither rend nor penetrate the earth, nor can you attain a stature like the
mountains in height).
َ ِ‫اح َك لِ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬
)15:88( ‫ين‬ َ َ‫ض َجن‬ ْ ِ‫اخف‬ ْ ‫اجا ِم ْن ُه ْم َواَل ت َْح َزنْ َعلَ ْي ِه ْم َو‬ ً ‫• اَل تَ ُمدَّنَّ َع ْينَ ْي َك إِلَ ٰى َما َمتَّ ْعنَا بِ ِه أَ ْز َو‬
(Do not extend your eyes toward that by which We have given enjoyment
to [certain] categories of the disbelievers, and do not grieve over them.
And lower your wing to the believers)
 Desired Ethical Values Vs. Undesirable Ethical Values
• Cooperate Vs. Detach (‫ض‬N‫إلعرا‬NN‫اونوا‬N‫لتع‬NN‫)ا‬
ِ ‫• َوتَ َعا َونُوا َعلَى ا ْلبِ ِّر َوالتَّ ْق َو ٰى ۖ َواَل تَ َعا َونُوا َعلَى اإْل ِ ْث ِم َوا ْل ُع ْد َو‬
‫ان ۚ َواتَّقُوا هَّللا َ ۖ إِ َّن‬
)5:2( ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ش ِدي ُد ا ْل ِعقَا‬
َ َ ‫هَّللا‬
(And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate
in sin and aggression. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in
penalty).
• The Prophet‫ ) )ﷺ‬said: Whoever relieves a Muslim
of a burden from the burdens of the world, Allah will relieve
him of a burden from the burdens of the Hereafter. And
whoever covers (the faults of) a Muslim, Allah will cover (his
faults) for him in the world and the Hereafter. And Allah is
engaged in helping the worshipper as long as the worshipper is
engaged in helping his brother."(at-Tirmidhi, H: 1425).