﷽

Islamic Studies (Compulsory)

Hafiz Rahmatullah Shaikh
Lecturer
Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies
MUET Jamshoro
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 0313-2616619
 Lecture #1
Islam and its Peculiarities
 Introduction to Islam
• Islam is an Arabic word which is derived from word salama ‫َم‬ َ َ ‫ َسل‬which
means peace, submission and obedience.
• In religious sense it means “Submission to the will of Allah SWT, believing
in his oneness, complying obediently with his commands and denouncing
polytheism.”
‫ّہَتعالیَفیَک لَماَجاءتَبہَالشریعۃَالاسلامیۃَمنَاعمالَظاھرۃَوَباطنۃ‬
ٰ ‫الاسلامَھوَالانقیادَالتامَلاوامرَالل‬
ّ
• Islam is a comprehensive concept of life. It establish firm relations
between Man and Allah, and between Man and Man.
• A Muslim is one who submits to the divine injunctions and does not
deviate from them.
• The Muslims must demonstrate this submission by worshipping him,
following his commands and avoiding polytheism.
Conti…
)3:‫َامَ ِدی ًنا (المائدۃ‬ ‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬ْ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ
‫ك‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫یت‬ ‫ض‬
ِ ‫ر‬‫َو‬‫ي‬ِ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ِ ‫ن‬ َ ‫م‬ ُ
‫ك‬ ‫َی‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬َ ‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫م‬ْ ‫ت‬َ ‫ا َلْیومَأَكْمل ْتَلَ ُكمَ ِدین ُكمَوأ‬
َ ْ ِ ُ ُ ََ َ ْ ْ ُ َْ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َ َْ
ْ َ
This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favor
upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.
َ َ ‫اس ِر ی‬
)85:‫ن (آ لَعمران‬ ِ ‫َو َم ْنَ َیبْ َت ِغَغَ ْي َرَا ل ْ ِإ ْسل‬
ِ ‫َامَ ِدی ًناَفَل َ ْنَ ُیق َْب َلَ ِم ْن ُه ََو ُھ َوَفِيَا لْآ ِخ َر ِۃَ ِم َنَالْ َخ‬
And whoever desires other than Islam as religion - never will it be
accepted from him, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.
)19:‫َامَ(آ لَعمران‬ ُ ‫َاّللَِا ل ْ ِإ ْسل‬ َّ ‫َالدی َنَ ِع ْن َد‬ِ ّ ‫إِ َّن‬
Truly, the (recognized) religion in the sight of Allah is Islam.
Peculiarities of Islam
 #1. The message of IQRA ‫ِا ۡق َرا‬
• The first and most distinct characteristic of Islam is,
that it has laid foundation of new civilization and
culture through the first revelation IQRA ‫ِِا ۡق َرا‬.
• “Reading & Writing” were introduced as compulsory
duty of every Muslim.
• Seeking knowledge was considered as religious duty
of man.
• Before Islam there was no written book except Bible.
 #2. Actions Based Upon Intentions
ِ ‫إنَّ َماَا لْأ َ ْع َما ُلَ ِبال ِّن َّی‬
َ‫ات‬
Actions are (judged) by motives (Niyyah).
• There are two conditions for the acceptance of any action in
Islam:
– The action should not be against Islamic Teachings
– The intention must be right
• Correctness of intentions can play an important role in the
well-being of our social system.
 #3. Concept of Monotheism
• The belief in the oneness of Allah SWT is called Monotheism.
• The foundation of Islamic beliefs is laid on oneness of Allah SWT,
the supreme being, who possess all the excellent attributes.
• There is no such clear concept of monotheism in other religions as
it is in Islam.
َ ِ ‫كَ ِم ْن ََّر ُس ْو ٍلَاِ لَّاَنُ ْوحِیَْۤاِل َْیهَِا َنَّ ٗهَلَاَۤاِل ٰ َهَاِ لَّاَۤا َنَاَفَا ْع ُب ُد ْو‬
)25:‫ن(الانبیاء‬ َ ِ‫َو ََماَۤا َ ْر َسل ْ َناَ ِم ْنَق َْبل‬
We did not send before you any messenger but we revealed to him
that there is no god but I (Allah SWT), so worship me.
 #4. Equality
• There is no difference of color, caste and tribe in Islam.
َ ۡ ‫ُمََ ِع ۡن َدَالل ِہ َا َ ت ۡ ٰق ُک‬
‫م‬ َ ‫َج َعل ۡ ٰن ُک ۡمَ ُش ُع ۡوبًا ََّوَق ََبٓائِ َلَلِ َت َع‬
ۡ ‫ارف ُۡواََؕ َاِ َّن َا َ ک َۡر َمک‬ َ ٰ ‫اسََاِ نَّاَ َخل َ ۡق ٰن ُک ۡمََ ِّم ۡنَ َذ ک ٍَر ََّوَا ُنۡث‬
َ ‫یَو‬ ُ ‫ٰۤیاَ ّیُ َہاَال َّن‬
)13َ‫( سورۃَالحجرات‬
Translation: O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and
made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the
most honorable of you in the sight of Allah SWT is that who has Piety (Taqwa).
• The Historical sentence of the Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬:
َ َ ‫وایم‬
‫تَ َی َد َھا‬ َ ‫َاّللَِل َْوَأ َّنَفَا ِط َم َۃ َِب ْن‬
ُ ‫تَ ُم َح َّم ٍد ََس َرق َْتَلَق ََط ْع‬ ّ ُ ْ َ
By Allah, if Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, were to steal, I would
have her hand cut off.
• Last Sermon and the concept of equality in Islam.
 #5. Brotherhood
)10:‫ونَإِ ْخ َوۃٌَفَأ َ ْصلِ ُحواَب َ ْي َنَأ َ َخ َو ْی ُك ْمَۚ (الحجرات‬
َ ‫إِنَّ َماَال ُْم ْؤ ِم ُن‬
All believers are but brothers, therefore seek reconciliation between
your two brothers.
• Muwakhat (The bond of brotherhood between Muhajir and Ansar)
َّ ‫ىَرأ ْ ُس ُهَت َ َداعَیَلَ ُه ََسائ ُِرَالْ َج َس ِد َِبا لْ ُحمَّیَ َوا‬
‫لس َه َِر‬ ‫َك‬
َ ‫ونَ َك َر ُج ٍل ََوا ِح ٍدَإِ ِنَا ْش َت‬
َ ‫ال ُْم ْؤ ِم ُن‬
The believers are like one person; if his head aches, the whole body
aches with fever and sleeplessness.
‫جب‬
‫ ھےاکاٹنوجاکلبںیم‬،‫اوختاسوکےتہکںیہ‬
‫وتدنہواتسںاکرہریپووجاںےباتبوہاجےئ‬
 #6. Status of Women
• In order to know the rights of women in Islam, it is
important to read the conditions of women before Islam.
• Islam raised the status of women and gave them all basic
rights. (Inheritance, Marriage, etc.)
• A woman is respected as mother, daughter, sister and wife.
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “The best of you is the one who is best
to his wife, and I am the best of you to my wives.”
• In his last sermon He ‫ ﷺ‬also said:
Fear Allah in the matters of women.
 #7. No Renunciation
• Renunciation: the act of rejecting physical pleasures specially for religious
reason.
• Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
Three men came to the houses of the wives of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬to inquire
about the worship of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬When they were informed, they considered
his worship insignificant and said: "Where are we in comparison with the Prophet
‫ﷺ‬while Allah has forgiven his past sins and future sins". One of them said: "As for
me, I shall offer Salat all night long." Another said: "I shall observe Saum (fasting)
continuously and shall not break it". Another said: "I shall abstain from women
and shall never marry". The Prophet (‫ﷺ‬came to them and said, "Are you the
people who said such and such things? By Allah, I fear Allah more than you do,
and I am most obedient and dutiful among you to Him, but still I observe fast and
break it; perform Salat and sleep at night and take wives. So whoever turns away
from my Sunnah does not belong to me".
 #8. Scientific Studies & Research
• Islam is a logical and scientific religion.
• Quran says:
• Why don’t you look? ‫افالِتبرصون‬
• Why don’t you observe? ‫ِافالِتدبرون‬
• Why don’t you think? ‫افالِتتفکرون‬
• Quran compel muslims to carry on scientific study, to know the law of
nature and to see how the nature is working in the universe.
• The tiniest objects like a bee, an ant, a spider which have been made titles
of surahs.
• It is the sprit of Islamic learning which produced great physicians,
mathematicians, chemists and philosophers.
 #9. Focus on Lawful Earning
)168:‫ّوِ همب ٌِنيِ(البقرۃ‬ٞ ُ‫اِو ََلِتَت َّ ِب ُعو ْاِخ ُُط َ َٰو ِتِٱ َّلش ۡي َط َٰ ِِۚنِانَّهُۥِلَ ُِۡكِعَد‬
َ ‫ُِكو ْاِ ِم َّم ِاِِفِٱ ۡ َۡل ۡر ِضِ َحلَ َٰ االِ َط ِي اب‬
ُ ُ ‫ي َ َٰ َٰٓأَُّيه َاِٱلنَّ ُاس‬
ِ
O mankind! Eat of that which is lawful and good on the earth, and follow not
the footsteps of Shaitan (Satan). Verily, he is to you an open enemy.
ِ‫َطلَ ُبِ َك ْس ِبِالْ َح َال ِلِفَ ِريضَ ٌةِب َ ْعدَ ِالْ َف ِريضَ ِة‬
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “Trying to earn a lawful livelihood is an obligatory duty in
addition to the duties which are obligatory.”
‫من اذلنوبِذنوبَِلِيكفرهاِاَلِاهلم ِف طلبِاملعيشة‬
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, Among the sins are sins that can only be expiated
by worrying about seeking a livelihood
• Worldly and hereafter Benefits of lawful earning
 #10. Deeds depend upon the last actions
• Narrated Sa`d bin Sahl As-Sa`idi:
– The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬looked at a man fighting against the pagans and he was
one of the most competent persons fighting on behalf of the Muslims.
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, "Let him who wants to look at a man from the
dwellers of the (Hell) Fire, look at this (man)." Another man followed
him and kept on following him till he (the fighter) was injured and,
seeking to die quickly, he placed the blade tip of his sword between
his breasts and leaned over it till it passed through his shoulders (i.e.,
committed suicide)." The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬added, "A person may do deeds
that seem to the people as the deeds of the people of Paradise while
in fact, he is from the dwellers of the (Hell) Fire: and similarly a person
may do deeds that seem to the people as the deeds of the people of
the (Hell) Fire while in fact, he is from the dwellers of Paradise. Verily,
the (results of) deeds done, depend upon the last actions."
 Lecture #2
Basic Beliefs of Islam
 Meaning of Belief & its importance
• Belief/faith/Iman
• The term Iman occurs 45 times in the Holy Quran.
• The Arabic word for belief is “Iman.” It literally means ‘to know’, to
believe or to put someone’s trust in something or someone.
• In Islamic Terminology Iman is to testify all those things which
surely has been brought by our Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬.
• Iman has three essential elements:
– Sincere belief in the heart
– Profession by the tongue
– Performance of deeds by the physical parts of body
 Importance of Iman or Belief
• The relation of Islam to belief is the same as a
tree to its seed.
• It is enough to understand the importance of
belief that no action is acceptable without the
correctness of belief.
• Therefore, to become a Muslim it is extremely
essential to have faith in certain things.
 ‫‪Hadith-e-Gibriel‬‬
‫عنِمعِربنِاخلطابِريضِهللاِعنهِقالِ‪ :‬بيامنِحننِعندِرسولِهللاِصىلِهللاِعليهِوِسملِذاتِ‬
‫يومِاذِطلعِعليناِرجلِشديدِبياضِالثيابِشديدِسوادِالشعرَِلِيرىِعليهِٱثرِالسفرِوَِلِ‬
‫يعرفهِمناِٱحدِحىتِجلسِاىلِالنيبِصىلِهللاِعليهِوِسملِفأس ندِركبتيهِاىلِركبتيهِوِوضعِكفيهِ‬
‫عىلِخفذيهِوِقالِ‪ :‬ايِمحمدِٱخربينِعنِاَلسالمِفقالِرسولِهللاِصىلِهللاِعليهِوِسملِ‪ِ:‬‬
‫اَلسالمِٱنِتشهدِٱنَِلِاهلِاَلِهللاِوِٱِنِمحمداِرسولِهللا‪ِ،‬وتقميِالصالۃ‪ِ،‬وتؤيتِالزاكۃ‪ِ،‬وتصومِ‬
‫رمضان‪ِ،‬وحتجِالبيتِانِاس تطعتِاليهِسبيال‪ِ.‬قالِصدقتِ‪ .‬فعجبناِهلِيسأهلِويصدقهِ!‬
‫…‪Conti‬‬
‫قالِ‪ :‬فأخربينِعنِاَلميانِ‪ .‬قال‪ :‬ٱنِتؤمنِابهللِوِمالئكتهِوكتبهِورسهلِواليومِاۡلَٰٓخرِوِتؤمنِ‬
‫ابلقدرِخريهِوِرشه‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬صدقت‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬فأخربينِعنِاَلحسانِ‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬ٱنِتعبدِهللاِكنكِتراهِ‬
‫فانِملِتكنِتراهِفانهِيراكِ‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬فأخربينِعنِالساعةِ‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬ماِاملسؤولِعهناِبأعملِمنِالسائلِ‬
‫‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬فأخربينِعنِٱماراهتاِ‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬ٱنِتدلِاۡلمةِربهتاِوِٱنِترىِاحلفاۃِالعراۃِالعاةلِرعاءِالشاءِ‬
‫يتطاولونِِفِالبنيانِ‪ .‬مثِانطلقِفلبثتِملياِ‪،‬مثِقالِ‪ :‬ايِمعرِٱتدريِمنِالسائلِ؟ِقلتِهللاِوِ‬
‫رسوهلِٱعملِ‪ .‬قالِ‪ :‬انهِجربيلِٱاتمكِيعلمكِدينك‪ .‬رواهِمسمل‬
 Translation of Hadith-e-Gibriel
• On the authority of Omar bin khattab, who said : One day while we
were sitting with the messenger of Allah there appeared before us
a man whose clothes were exceedingly white and whose hair was
exceedingly black; no signs of journeying were to be seen on him
and none of us knew him. He walked up and sat down by the
prophet. Resting his knees against his and placing the palms of his
hands on his thighs, he said: "O Muhammad, tell me about Islam".
• The messenger of Allah said: "Islam is to testify that there is no god
but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, to perform the
prayers, to pay the zakat, to fast in Ramazan, and to make the
pilgrimage to the House if you are able to do so.“
•
Conti…
• He said: "You have spoken rightly", and we were amazed at him
asking him and saying that he had spoken rightly. He said: "Then tell
me about iman.
• He said: “it is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His
messengers, and the Last Day, and to believe in divine destiny, both
the good and the evil thereof.“
• He said: “you have spoken rightly". He said: "Then tell me about
Ihsan.“
• He said: "It is to worship Allah as you are seeing Him, and while you
see Him not yet truly He sees you".
Conti…
• He said: "Then tell me about the Hour".
• He said: "The one questioned about it knows no better than the
questioner.“
• He said: "Then tell me about its signs.“
• He said: "That the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and that
you will see the barefooted, naked, destitute herdsman competing
in constructing lofty buildings.“
• Then he took himself off and I stayed for a time. Then he said: "O
Omar, do you know who the questioner was?" I said: "Allah and His
messenger know best". He said: "He was Jibril (Gabriel), who came
to you to teach you your religion.” (Muslim)
 Lessons from Hadith-e-Gibriel
• When Gibriel arrived, he came and sat down. This is
etiquette of seeking knowledge. Whoever seeks knowledge
gains it through humility. The one who seeks knowledge
with pride will never learn.
• Cleanliness of clothes
• The right age to get knowledge
• Asking useful questions
• Don’t be shy to ask useful questions
• Don’t answer if you don’t know