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    Outcome 2: Operational Amplifier Circuits

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    izzat_rijal
    This document provides an overview of operational amplifier circuits. It discusses the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amps, their internal structure, and common applications. Op-amps can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Example circuits covered include inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, buffers, differential amplifiers, and summing amplifiers. Negative feedback is also explained as it relates to op-amp gain and input/output impedances.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Outcome 2: Operational Amplifier Circuits

    Uploaded by

    izzat_rijal
    201 views32 pages
    This document provides an overview of operational amplifier circuits. It discusses the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amps, their internal structure, and common applications. Op-amps can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Example circuits covered include inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, buffers, differential amplifiers, and summing amplifiers. Negative feedback is also explained as it relates to op-amp gain and input/output impedances.

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    op amp 1

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    This document provides an overview of operational amplifier circuits. It discusses the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amps, their internal structure, and common applications. Op-amps can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Example circuits covered include inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, buffers, differential amplifiers, and summing amplifiers. Negative feedback is also explained as it relates to op-amp gain and input/output impedances.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    201 views32 pages

    Outcome 2: Operational Amplifier Circuits

    Uploaded by

    izzat_rijal
    This document provides an overview of operational amplifier circuits. It discusses the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amps, their internal structure, and common applications. Op-amps can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Example circuits covered include inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, buffers, differential amplifiers, and summing amplifiers. Negative feedback is also explained as it relates to op-amp gain and input/output impedances.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Outcome 2

    Operational Amplifier
    Circuits

    1
    • Introduction to Operational Amplifier
    • Op-Amp input modes and parameters
    • Negative feedback
    • Op-Amp with negative feedback

    2
    Introduction To Operational Amplifiers
     The operational amplifier or op-amp is a circuit of
    components integrated into one chip.
     A typical op-amp is powered by two dc voltages and has an
    inverting (–) and a noninverting (+) input and an output.

    3
    The Ideal Op-Amp and Practical Op-Amp

    Ideal op-amp Practical op-amp


    • infinite voltage gain • very high voltage gain
    • infinite bandwidth • very high input impedance
    • infinite input impedance • very low output impedance
    (open) • wide bandwidth
    • zero output impedance

    4
    Internal Block Diagram of an Op-Amp

    A typical op-amp is made up of three type of amplifier circuit:


    1. a differential amplifier
    2. a voltage amplifier
    3. a push-pull amplifier

    5
    Internal Model of a Real Op-Amp

    Zin is the input impedance (very large ≈ 2 MΩ)


    Zout is the output impedance (very small ≈ 75 Ω)
    Aol is the open-loop gain

    6
    7
    Op-Amp Circuits perform
    Operations
    • Op-Amps circuits can perform mathematical
    operations on input signals:
    Addition and Subtraction
    Multiplication and Division
    Differentiation and Integration

    • Other common uses include:


    Impedance buffering
    Active filters
    Active controllers
    Analog-digital interfacing

    8
    Applications of Op-Amps

    • Amplifiers provide gains in voltage or current


    • Op-Amps can convert current to voltage
    • Op-Amps can provide a buffer between two circuits
    • Op-Amps can be used to implement integrators and
    differentiators
    • Lowpass and bandpass filters

    9
    Applications of Amplifiers
    Example: Microphone – Speaker
    • The output voltage signal from a microphone is very small, in
    the order of milli-volts (mV).
    • A loudspeaker typically needs a voltage of 20 V to produce an
    audible sound.
    • Therefore, there needs to be a way of boosting (amplifying)
    the voltage signal of a microphone in order for the sound to
    be heard on the speaker.

    10
    The Differential Amplifier

    11
    The Differential Amplifier
    1. Single Ended Mode
    2. Differential Mode
    3. Common Mode

    12
    Single Ended Mode
    • In single ended mode one input is grounded and a signal
    voltage is applied only to the other input.

    13
    Single Ended Input Operation

    14
    Differential Mode
    • In the differential mode, two out-of-phase (opposite polarity)
    signals are applied to the input.
    • This type of operation is also referred to as double-ended.
    • The amplified between the two inputs appears on the output.

    15
    Differential Input Operation

    16
    Common Mode
    • With common mode, two signals of same phase, frequency,
    and amplitude are applied to the inputs which results in no
    output. This is called common-mode rejection.
    • This type of mode is used for removal of unwanted noise
    signals.

    17
    Common Mode Input Operation

    18
    Common-Mode Rejection Ratio

    19
    Example

    20
    Negative Feedback

    21
    Application circuits
    1. Inverting amplifier
    2. Non-inverting amplifier
    3. Buffer amplifier (voltage follower)
    4. Differential amplifier
    5. Summing amplifier

    22
    Inverting Amplifier

    23
    24
    Non-Inverting Amplifier

    25
    26
    Buffer Amplifier

    27
    Impedances of Feedback Amplifiers

    28
    Summing amplifier
    Summing Amplifier Circuit (Adder)
    The summing amplifier is a variation of the inverting op-amp
    configuration. It has two or more inputs, and its output
    voltage is proportional to the negative of the algebraic sum of
    its input voltages.

    29
    30
    31
    EXAMPLE 1 :
    Determine the output voltage for the summing amplifier
    in figure below.

    Solution :
    Vout = - (V1 + V2 +V3 )
    = - (4 V +2 V +7 V)
    = - 13 Volts
    32

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