Reciprocal Functions
Reciprocal Functions
Reciprocal Functions
eciprocal Function
Recall that the product of a number and its
reciprocal is always equal to 1.
So, for any non-zero real number a, the
reciprocal of a is and the reciprocal of is a.
For a function , its reciprocal is , provided
that .
Definition:
A reciprocal function defined by if , .
Compare the functions and
Characteristics
Domain
Domain
( − ∞ ,+ ∞ )
( −∞ ,0 ) ∪ ( 0 ,+∞ )
Range
Range
( − ∞ ,+ ∞ ) ( −∞ ,0 ) ∪ ( 0 ,+∞ )
End
End Behavior
Behavior
𝑥 →+∞ , 𝑦 →+∞ 𝑥 →+∞ ,
𝑦→0
𝑥 → −∞ , 𝑦 → − ∞ 𝑥 → −∞ , 𝑦 → 0
Behavior
Behavior at
at x=0 y – intercept at 0. 𝑢 𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
x=0
𝑦=0 * x and * Vertical asymptote at x=0
Invariant Points
Invariant Points
and
For reciprocal functions:
Asymptote – a line whose distance from a given curve
approaches zero.
Vertical Asymptote – occur at the non-permissible
values of the function.
Horizontal Asymptote – describes the behavior of a
graph when is very large.
Key Ideas:
You can obtain the graph of from the graph of by using the following guidelines:
The non-permissible values of the reciprocal function are related to the position of the
vertical asymptotes. These are also the non-permissible values of the corresponding
rational expression, where the reciprocal function is undefined.
Invariant points occur when the function f(x) has a value of 1 or -1. To determine the x-
coordinates of the invariant points, solve for the equation .
The y-coordinates of the points on the graph of the reciprocal function are the
reciprocals of the y-coordinates of the corresponding points on the graph of .
As the value of x approaches a non-permissible value, the absolute value of the
reciprocal function gets very large.
As the absolute value of x gets very large, the absolute value of the reciprocal function
approaches zero.