FILIPINO

STRUCTURES

GET
ACCESS
NOW
The 1987 Constitution mandates
that Filipino-the national language
of the Philippines, one of the
official languages of the
archipelago, and the national
lingua franca GET of morethan 100
million Filipinos-be
ACCESS enriched by its
NOW
surrounding languages, one of
which is English.
Private and public institutions as
well as individuals were
encouraged to participate actively
for the development of Filipino.
After 18 years (since 1987) , how
far has Filipino
GET gone in its
development?ACCESSTo what extent has
NOW
Filipino shaped?
.
In this presentation
attempts to compare the
Verbal and their
expansions by Schachter
F.T. OtanesGET
ACCESS
and Verbal
Classification
NOW in Filipino by
Ernesto Cubar

.
Tagalog Verbal construction
will be presented in this
presentation, According to
Otanes the verb occurring in
the predicate of a basic
sentence ACCESS
may
GET
be analyzed as
consistingNOW
of two components
an aspect and basic form.
.

.
 TAGALOG-VERBAL
ASPECT AND BASIC FORM
.
3 Aspects: modified by inflection
Basic form Completed Uncompleted Unstarted
.bagalan binagalan Binabagalan babagalan

Basic form:
GET
verbal affix
ACCESS(prefix, infix, suffix,
NOW
complex), major &derived affixes
verbal base
VERB
.FOCUS AND COMPLEMENT
 FOCUS:
. AF (Actor focus),
 GF (Goal focus),
GET
 OB (object
ACCESSfocus),
NOW
 DF (directional focus)

.
 COMPLEMENT
.
Transitive, Intransitive and Derived verbs

.
AC (Actor complement, ng phrase)
GET
OC (Object complement,
ACCESS
ng phrase)
NOW
DC (Directional complement, sa phrase)

.
The Three Verbal Aspects
found in the basic sentences
are:
a. contemplated aspect:
characterizes an event as not
begun GET
ACCESS
b. Imperfective
NOW aspect begun but

not completed
c. perfective aspect completed
.
.

.
Aspect
Aspect indicates, by means of
verbal inflection, whether the
action has been started or not,
and if started, whether it has
GET
been completed
ACCESS or if it is still
continuing. NOW

.
.
Verbal
. inflection includes
affixation and/or reduplication.
.
Reduplication is the repetition of
parts of the affix or of the root.
GET
. ACCESS
NOW
Verbal inflection to indicate aspect
differs according to the affix class
of the verb. The four verb affix
.
classes are 
.
-um, mag-, ma-, and mang-.
GET
. ACCESS
NOW
-in
The suffix -in (/in/) forms
transitive OF and DF verbs, and
a smaller number of intransitive
verbs. OF ·in verbs typically
denote actions
GET radically affecting
ACCESS
the goal, such
NOW as those causing
a change in its structure.
Some examples of intransitive -in
verbs are:
 antukin
 araw-arawin
 ginawin
 langgamin
 tanawin GET
 'be sleepy'ACCESS
 'perform every
NOW day'
 'feel cold'
 'be infested with ants'
 'view as'
 ipag-
As a major affix, ipag- (/'ipag/)
occurs in the of counterparts of a few
AF
mag- verbs below.
GET
ACCESS
Ipagbili 'sell'
(OF counterpart
NOW of AF magbili)
Ipagkatiwala, 'entrust with' (OF counterpart of AF
magkatiwala)
 Ma…-an
Ma-… -an occurs as a major affix in a
very few OF and intransitive
verbs. Examples of OF ma-… -an
verbs are:

matutuhan 'learn‘
GET
(OF counterpart of AF matuto)
ACCESS
NOW
maramdaman 'feel‘

(OF counterpart of AF makaramdam)

um-
The infix -um-, which is always a
major affix, forms major transitive
and intransitive AF verbs. It is
frequently found in verbs denoting
casual actionGET and/or action not
involving ACCESS
movement of an object
NOW
external to the actor.
Some examples of the correspondence
of instrumental adjectives and IF verbs
are:

GET
ACCESS
NOW
 THE OBJECT
COMPLEMENT

GET
ACCESS
NOW
THE ACTOR COMPLEMENT

GET
ACCESS
NOW
 SUMMARY OF VERBAL
COMPLEMENTS

Tagalog has verbal complements of four

types:
actor complements,
GET
object complements,
ACCESS
NOW
directional complements,
and secondary-actor complements.
VERBAL CLASSIFICATION
IN FILIPINO:
GET

DYNAMIC VS. STATIVE

ACCESS
NOW
DYNAMIC OR ACTIVE VERB

GET
ACCESS
NOW
DYNAMIC is to be defined
as pertaining to activity,
while STATIVE
GET is to be
ACCESS
definedNOWas pertaining to
condition
 STATIVE VERBS
Stative is to be defined as
pertaining to a condition.
There are eight types of Stative verbs:
1. verbs pertaining to a change
GET
of condition or becoming
ACCESS
NOW
2. destructive verbs
3. locative verbs
 STATIVE VERBS
4. mental verbs
5. psychological verbs
6. phenomenal verbs
7. possessive
GET verbs
ACCESS
8. existential
NOW verbs
Stative verbs pertaining to
change of condition or becoming

In general these verbs indicate

a change of state as can be
seen in the following;
GET
1. Nagantok siya.
ACCESS
‘She became
NOW sleepy.”

2. Magmatigas ka
“Get tough”
Stative verbs pertaining to
change of condition or becoming

In general these verbs indicate

a change of state as can be
seen in the following;
GET
1. Nagantok siya.
ACCESS
‘She became
NOW sleepy.”

2. Magmatigas ka
“Get tough”
 In sentence (1) there is a
change from being alert to
being sleepy, In (2) there is a
change from
GET
perhaps Being
soft to being
ACCESS
NOW
tough to a
certain Happening.
 In (3), (4), (5), and (6)
below are likewise seen
a change or condition.
GET
ACCESS
NOW
In (3) his /her hair became
white, perhaps due to some
illness. In (4) he/she became
pale perhapsGET
due to some
frightening experience.
ACCESS
NOW
In (5) his /her becoming
tanned is due to the sun. In (6)
there is a change from a state
of being awake
GET
to a state of
being asleep.
ACCESS
NOW
In (6) there is a change from a
state of being awake to a state
of being asleep.
3.Pumuti angGET
buhok niya.
‘His/her hair
ACCESS
NOW
became white.”
4. Namutla siya.
 ‘He/She became pale.

5. Nangitim siya sa init.

GET
 ‘He /She
ACCESS became tanned
due to sunlight.”
NOW
Destructive Verbs
This type of verb indicates
destruction by some insect as in
(7) rust as in (8) by natural force
as in (9) or an accident in other
words, there is a change from
GET
state to that
ACCESSof deterioration.
NOW
6. Lalanggamin diyan ang tinapay.
‘The bread will be ant-infested there.’

7.Kakalawangin ang kutsara kung

ibabad sa suka.
“ The spoon will turn rusty if it is
GET
soaked in vinegar.”
ACCESS
NOW
6. Lalanggamin diyan ang tinapay.
‘The bread will be ant-infested there.’

7.Kakalawangin ang kutsara kung

ibabad sa suka.
“ The spoon will turn rusty if it is
GET
soaked in vinegar.”
ACCESS
11.Nagiba NOW
ng bagyo ang bahay.
“ The house was destroyed by the
storm.”
 Locative Verbs
Locative verbs indicate staying in a
place as in (12), the difference of
something, generally an inanimate
object as in (13, the putting of
something in a place as in (14), and
the poisitionGET a person assumes as
certain time.ACCESS
12. Nanatili si
NOW
Ana sa Baguio.
‘Anna remained in Baguio.”
13. Matatagpuan sa probinsiya
ang bahay.
‘The house is situated in the
province.”
14. Nakalagay sa sobreng iyon
ang aking pera.
GET
‘My money ACCESS is placed in the
enveloped.”NOW
 Mental Verbs
Mental verbs have to do with
processes going on in the mind like
learning as in .

15. Natuto si Irma ng Pranses.

‘Irma learnedGETFrench.”
16. Natutuhan ni Irma ang Pranses.
ACCESS
NOW
‘French was learned by Irma.”
 Psychological Verbs
Psychological verbs have to do
with state of feelings such as in.
18.Nagalit ang dalaga (sa tsuper).
‘The maiden became angry (at
the driver) GET
19. Nalungkot
ACCESS siya.
NOW
‘He/She became sad.”
 Phenomenal Verbs.”
Phenomenal verbs have to do
with acts of nature as the sun
rising.
20.Magbubukang-liwayway
na. GET
ACCESS
‘It will be NOW
sunrise soon.”
 Existential Verbs
Existence verbs indicate the
existence of an indefinite
object or person.

23. May miting sa plaza.

GET
ACCESS
“There is a meeting at the
NOW

town square.”
 Possessive Verbs
Possessive verbs indicate
ownership of an object by the
subject of the sentence as in.
24. Mayroon akong
kalkuleytor.
GET
ACCESS
May kalkuleytor
NOW
ako.
‘I have a calculator.”
 Dynamic verbs
Dynamic verbs as the term
dynamic suggests indicate
energetic, vigorous,forceful
motion. Therefore
GET
they are
action verbs.
ACCESS
NOW
Types of dynamic verbs:
1.intransitive verbs
2. objective verbs
3. directional verbs
4.benefactive verbs,
5.causativeGETverbs
6. instrumental
ACCESS verbs
NOW
7. locative verbs, and
8. informative verbs.
 Intransitive Verbs
Are action verbs that do not
have object complements:
1. Tumayo siya.
‘He stood up.”
2. UmiyakACCESS
siya.
GET

‘She cried.”
NOW
 Objective verbs
Objective verbs are verbs that
always take a direct
Object to complete their
meaning.
GET
1. Magluluto ang nanay ng ulam.
ACCESS
NOW
‘Mother will cook the main dish.”
 Directional Verbs
Directional verbs indicate the
direction from which or toward which
an action moves. Thus we have a
mag-verb in below, an um-verb a
mang-verb, an-verb in and an-an verb.
Ex. NagbigayGETsiya ng pera )kay Maria.
ACCESS
NOW )sa kaniya.
He gave some money) to Maria
) to her.
 Benefactive Verbs
Benefactive verbs indicate
that an action is done for a
person as seen below.

Ibibili niyaGETang bata ng

ACCESS
laruan. NOW
‘He will buy a toy for the
child.’
 Causative Verbs

There are two types of

causative verbs. The ika-
verbs indicate what caused
an actionACCESS
to happen.
GET

Passive and
NOW
active form
Ikinatumba niya ang
matinding init.
“The intense heat caused
her/him to faint.”
Natumba sya(dahil sa
matinding init.
GET
ACCESS
‘She fell/fainted
NOW
because of
the intense heat.”
 Instrumental Verbs
Intrumental verbs indicate
that an action is performed
with the use of something.
Ipinangputol ni Pablo ng
damo ang karit.
GET
ACCESS
The sickleNOWwas used by Pedro
for cutting the grass
 Locative Verbs
Locative verbs indicate that
the subject is the place where
the action took place.
Pinagtamnan ni Jose ng mais
ang bukid.
GET
ACCESS

‘jose plated corn on the farm.’

NOW
TAGALOG REFERENCE GRAMMAR WRITING FILIPINO GRAMMAR
VERBALS AND THEIR EXPANSIONS VERBAL AND CLASSIFICATION
ASPECT DYNAMIC (ACTION VERB)
BASIC STATIVE ( CONDITION)
FOCUS ( ACTOR FOCUS ) CHANGE OF CONDITION
(GOAL FOCUS ) DESTRUCTIVE
(OBJECT FOCUS) LOCATIVE
(DIRECTION FOCUS) MENTAL
GET
COMPLEMENT ( ACTOR COMPLEMENT)
ACCESS PSYCHOLOGICAL
NOW
( OBJECT COMPLEMENT) PHENOMENAL
(DIRECTIONAL COMPLEMENT) EXISTENTIAL
VERBAL

GET
ACCESS
NOW