Reservoir Routing Presentation by Fawad Ahmad

Reservoir Routing
Presented By
Fawad Ahmad
Presented To
Dr. Mujahid Khan
Routing
• In hydrology, routing is a technique used to predict the changes in shape of
a hydrograph as water moves through a river channel or a reservoir.
• Routing also can be used to predict the hydrograph shape (and thus
lowland flooding potential) subsequent to multiple rainfall events in
different sub-catchments of the watershed. Timing and duration of the
rainfall events, as well as factors such as antecedent moisture conditions.
• Other uses of routing include reservoir and channel design, floodplain
studies and watershed simulations.
Reservoir Routing
• Reservoir routing is used to determine the peak flow attenuation that a
hydrograph undergoes as it enters a reservoir. A reservoir is defined by a
stage-storage curve and a stage-discharge curve, which can be entered or
computed using commands in the Structure pull-down menu. A runoff
hydrograph travels through the reservoir to an outlet. The outflow
hydrograph is calculated by Storage Indication method, which is developed
from the continuity equation:
ΔS/Δt = I - O
Where: ΔS = Change in storage (cubic ft or cubic meter)

Δt = Routing time step (hours)
I = Inflow discharge (cfs or cms)
O = Outflow discharge (cfs or cms)
Reservoir Routing
• Avg Inflow (I) - Avg Outflow (O) = Change in storage per some
increment of time
If I= 0 , There is no change in elevation
If I> 0, Then water surface rises
If I< 0, Then water surfaces decreases
Information needed to Route
• Inflow Hydrograph
• Relation of storage volume to elevation in the propose detention
basin.
• Relation of outflow to water level elevation (discharge rating)
Method for Reservoir Routing
• There are many methods useed for Reservoir routing. These methods
include Muskingam method, Muskeingam- cunge method, Kinematic
wave method and modified plus method. These are complex method
and can hardly be understand.
• In this presentation, I am not going to present the discussed above
methods because these have already presented by other classmates. I
will discuss only the methods which are called the shortcut method
for Reservoir routing which consist of:
1) Technical Release 33
2) Technical Release 55
Method for Reservoir Routing
1. Technical Release 33
Technical Release 33 presents a method to determine the minimum storage
requirement for a floodwater retarding structure which has only a single-
stage principal spillway, governed primarily by pipe flow. This procedure can
only be used with Principle Spillway/Dam, TR-60, and assumes a 10-day
hydrograph from TR-60. It saves plotting the mass curve. Eight charts
estimate the storage needed in inches. The maximum time of concentration
that can be used with this method is nine hours. In shallow reservoirs with
gently sloping topography, the procedure may underestimate the required
storage volume. This procedure has been used infrequently since the advent
of microcomputers.
Method of Reservoir Routing
2. Technical Release 55
• It offers the most recent development in the area of shortcut routing for
reservoirs. Temporary storage was estimated initially using a statistical
relationship that came to be known as the "beta equation". The basic
equation is given as:
Vs/Vr = C0+C1(qo/qi) +C2(qo/qi)2 +(qo/qi)3
where
Vs/Vr = ratio of storage volume (Vs) to runoff volume (Vr)
qo/qi = ratio of peak outflow discharge (qo) to peak inflow discharge (qi)
C0, C1, C2, C3 = coefficients
Solve Example on Reservoir Routing
Example 1) A sediment basin is planned for a 25 acre site that has a peak
inflow discharge of 24 cfs. The outlet structure has a peak capacity of seven
cfs. The runoff volume from a four-inch rain is 2.04 inches. Assume a Type II
storm distribution. What volume of storage is needed to handle this storm?
Solution:
As we know, qo/qj = 7cfs/24cfs = 0.292
From Figure, using qo/qj = .292, Vs/Vr = .386,
0.386 x 2.04 inches = 0.787 inches
0.787 inches x 25 acres x 1 foot/12 inches
= 1.64 acre-feet Answer.
Solve Example on Reservoir Routing
Example 2) A sediment basin is planned for a 120 acre site that has a peak
inflow discharge of 124 cfs. The runoff volume from a four-inch rain is 2.04
inches. Assume a Type II storm distribution. The site has natural storage
capacity of five acre-feet. What does the capacity of the outlet structure
need to be?
Solution:
2.04 inches x 120 acres x 1 foot/12 inches = 20.4 acre-feet
Vs/Vr = 5.0/20.4 = 0.245
Using Figure in previous slide with the Type II curve, qo/qi = 0.59
qo = qi x 0.59 = 124 cfs x 0.59 = 73.2 cfs. Answer
Thank you

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Reservoir Routing

Where: ΔS = Change in storage (cubic ft or cubic meter)

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