Introduction To Computer Programming

Computer
Programming
Lecture 1
Introduction To Computer
Programming
Mr. Abbas kh. Ibrahim

Welcome to
(Computer Programming for
Petroleum Engineering 2019)
Course Info
Instructor: Abbas Khaleel Ibrahim [email protected]

TA: Mr. Tahir (Computer Lab.)
Introduction to Computer Programming with MATLAB
Class Hours
– sunday : 9:00 am - 3:00 pm
Office: Petroleum Engineering Dept.

Objectives
 Introduces the student to the world of programming
through MATLAB to develop scientific and engineering
models.
 The student will be able to read, understand and write

beginner level programs using MATLAB.
 The student will be able to solve mathematical and

Petroleum Engineering problems using MATLAB.
COURSE OUTLINE
 Introduction.
 MATLAB Syntax and Commands.
 Use of MATLAB to Solve Engineering Problems.
 Algorithms.
 Conditional Statement.
 Repetition Loops.
 Subprograms.
 Matrix Manipulation.
 File I/O.
GRADING
We’ll discuss that later !

History of Computing
1800S
 George Boole – devised Boolean algeb
ra
 Charles Babbage – created "analytical

engine“
 Augusta Ada Byron – first computer pr

ogrammer
 Herman Hollerith – founder of compa

ny that would become IBM
1930S
 Alan Turing – deciphered German cod
e in WWII; father of artificial intelligen
ce
 John V. Atanasoff – inventor of first el
ectronic digital special purpose compu
ter
1940S
 Howard Aiken – built large scale digit
al computer, Mark I
 Grace M. Hopper – originated term "d

ebugging"; pioneered development a
nd use of COBOL
 John Mauchley and J. Presper Eckert –

built first large scale general purpose
computer, ENIAC
1940S CONTINUED
 John von Neumann – developed store
d program concept
 Maurice V. Wilkes – built EDSAC, first

computer to use stored program con
cept
 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and

William Shockley – developed transist
or that replaced vacuum tubes
1950S
 John Backus – created Fortran; early u
ser of interpreters and compilers
 Reynold B. Johnson – invented the dis

k drive
 Donald L. Shell – developed efficient s

orting algorithm
1960S
 JohnG. Kemeny and Thomas E.
Kurtz – invented BASIC
 Corrado Bohm and Guiseppe Ja

copini – proved that any progra
m can be written with only 3 str
uctures: sequence, decision, an
d loops
 EdsgerW. Dijkstra – stimulated

move to structured programmin
g by declaring "GOTO" harmful
1960S CONTINUED
 Harlan B. Mills – advocated use
of structured programming
 Donald E. Knuth – wrote definiti

ve work on algorithms.
 Ted Hoff, Stan Mazer, Robert N

oyce, and Frederico Faggin – de
veloped first microprocessor
1960S CONTINUED
 Douglas Engelbart – invented computer mouse
1970S
 Ted Codd - software architect; l
aid the groundwork for relation
al databases
 Paul
Allen and Bill Gates - cofou
nders of Microsoft Corporation
 Stephen Wozniak and Stephen J

obs - cofounders of Apple Com
puter Inc.
 Dan Bricklin and Dan Fylstra - wr

ote VisiCalc, the first electronic s
preadsheet program
1970S CONTINUED
 Dennis
Ritchie - creator of the C
programming language.
 KenThompson - created the Uni

x operating system
 Alan Kay – developer of Smalltal

k, a pure object-oriented langua
ge
 Don Chamberlain - created a dat

abase programming language, la
ter known as SQL,
1980S
 Phillip
“Don” Estridge - at IBM
directly responsible for the su
ccess of the personal comput
er.
 MitchellD. Kapor - cofounde

r of Lotus Corporation
 TomButton - group product

manager for applications pro
grammability at Microsoft;
 headed the team that develop
ed QuickBasic, QBasic, and Vis
ual Basic.
1980S CONTINUED
 AlanCooper - considered the fat
her of Visual Basic.
 Tim Berners–Lee - father of the W

orld Wide Web.
 Charles Simonyi - father of Word.
 Bjarne
Stroustrup - creator of the
C++ programming language.
 RichardM. Stallman - founded Fr

ee Software Foundation
1990S
 Marc Andreessen - inventor of the Web
browser.
 James Gosling – creator of Java.
 Linus Torvalds - developed the popular L

inux operating system.
2000S
 Sergey M. Brin and Lawrence E. Pa
ge – founders of Google
 Mark Zuckerberg – founder of Face

book.
 Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawe

d Karim – founders of YouTube.
An Introduction to Computers
and Problem Solving
Representation of the problem solving p
rocess
Problem-solving: approach like algebra class
• How fast is a car traveling if it goes 50 miles in 2

hours?
• Input : two inputs : 50 miles , 2 hours.
• Process: speed = distance/time = 50/2.
• Output: 25 mph (miles per hour).

Program Planning Tips
• Always have a plan before trying to write a progra

m
• The more complicated the problem, the more

complex the plan must be.
• Planning and testing before coding saves time cod

ing.
Program development cycle
1. Analyze: Define the problem.
2. Design: Plan the solution to the problem.
3. Choose the interface: Select the objects (text boxes, buttons,

etc.).
4. Code: Translate the algorithm into a programming language.
5. Test and debug: Locate and remove any errors in the progra
m.
6. Complete the documentation: Organize all the materials that

describe the program.
What is a Computer?
Computer
– Device capable of performing computations
and making logical decisions
– Computers process data under the control of
sets of instructions called computer program
s
Hardware
– Various devices comprising a computer
– Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, C
D-ROM, and processing units
Software
– Programs that run on a computer
Computer Organization
Six logical units in every computer:
– Input unit
• Obtains information from input devices (keyboard,
mouse)
– Output unit
• Outputs information (to screen, to printer, to control
other devices)
– Memory unit
• Rapid access, low capacity, stores input information
– Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
• Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions
– Central processing unit (CPU)
• Supervises and coordinates the various components o
f the computer
– Secondary storage unit
• Cheap, long-term, high-capacity storage
• Stores inactive programs
Computer Architecture
Common Softwares
 Operating System
 Compilers
 Assemblers
 Interpreters
Evolution of Programming languages
– First Generation : Machine languages
• Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions
• Example:
+1300042774
+1400593419
+1200274027
– Second Generation : Assembly languages
• English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations (tr
anslated via assemblers)
– Example:
LOAD BASEPAY
ADD OVERPAY
STORE GROSSPAY
– Third Generation : High-level languages
• Codes similar to everyday English
• Use mathematical notations (translated via compilers)
• Example: grossPay = basePay + overTimePay
Programming Language hierarch
y
What does the computer understa
nd?
• Computer only understands machine language i
nstructions.
Assembler
• Instructions written in assembly language m
ust be translated to machine language instru
ctions :
– Assembler does this
• One to one translation : One AL instruction
is mapped to one ML instruction.
• AL instructions are CPU specific.
Compilation into Assembly
Source Assembly
Program Compiler Language
Assembly Assembler Machine

Language Language
Compiler
• Instructions written in high-level language also m
ust be translated to machine language instructions
:
– Compiler does this
• Generally one to many translation : One HL instru
ction is mapped to many ML instruction.
• HL instructions are not CPU specific but compiler
is.
Compilation
Source Target
Program Compiler Program
Input Target Program Output

Interpreter
• An interpreter translates high-level instructions into an inte
rmediate form, which it then executes. In contrast, a
compiler translates high-level instructions directly into
machine language.
• Compiled programs generally run faster than interpreted p
rograms.
• The advantage of an interpreter, however, is that it does no
t need to go through the compilation stage during which m
achine instructions are generated. This process can be time
-consuming if the program is long. The interpreter, on the
other hand, can immediately execute high-level programs.
For this reason, interpreters are sometimes used during the
development of a program, when a programmer wants to a
dd small sections at a time and test them quickly.
Interpretation
Source
Program
Interpreter Output
Input

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Computer

Mr. Abbas kh. Ibrahim

Instructor: Abbas Khaleel Ibrahim [email protected]

Introduction to Computer Programming with MATLAB

Office: Petroleum Engineering Dept.

 The student will be able to read, understand and write

 The student will be able to solve mathematical and

We’ll discuss that later !

 Charles Babbage – created "analytical

 Augusta Ada Byron – first computer pr

 Herman Hollerith – founder of compa

 Grace M. Hopper – originated term "d

 John Mauchley and J. Presper Eckert –

 Maurice V. Wilkes – built EDSAC, first

 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and

 Reynold B. Johnson – invented the dis

 Donald L. Shell – developed efficient s

 Corrado Bohm and Guiseppe Ja

 EdsgerW. Dijkstra – stimulated

 Donald E. Knuth – wrote definiti

 Ted Hoff, Stan Mazer, Robert N

 Stephen Wozniak and Stephen J

 Dan Bricklin and Dan Fylstra - wr

 KenThompson - created the Uni

 Alan Kay – developer of Smalltal

 Don Chamberlain - created a dat

 MitchellD. Kapor - cofounde

 TomButton - group product

 Tim Berners–Lee - father of the W

 Charles Simonyi - father of Word.

 RichardM. Stallman - founded Fr

 James Gosling – creator of Java.

 Linus Torvalds - developed the popular L

 Mark Zuckerberg – founder of Face

 Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawe

• How fast is a car traveling if it goes 50 miles in 2

• Input : two inputs : 50 miles , 2 hours.

• Process: speed = distance/time = 50/2.

• Output: 25 mph (miles per hour).

• Always have a plan before trying to write a progra

• The more complicated the problem, the more

• Planning and testing before coding saves time cod

2. Design: Plan the solution to the problem.

3. Choose the interface: Select the objects (text boxes, buttons,

4. Code: Translate the algorithm into a programming language.

6. Complete the documentation: Organize all the materials that

Assembly Assembler Machine

Input Target Program Output

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