Exploratory Project ON Concrete Mix Design

EXPLORATORY PROJECT
ON
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
Submitted by :
AMAN GUPTA 14065010
ANUKOOL SINGH 14065017
ARPIT BHARDWAJ 14064004
DEEPAK BHARTI 14065025
HARKIRAN SINGH 14065030
SHREYA PANDEY 14065067

Guiding Professor: Dr. Veerendra Kumar
Introduction
One of the ultimate aims of studying the various properties

of the materials of concrete, plastic concrete and hardened
concrete, is to help a concrete technologist to design a
concrete mix for a particular strength and durability.
So what is mix design??
Mix design can be defined as the process of selecting suitable

ingredients of concrete and determining their relative proportions
with the objective of producing concrete of certain minimum
strength and durability as economically as possible.
Various Methods of Mix Design
Arbitrary proportion
Fineness Modulus Method
Maximum Density Method
Road note No. 4 (Grading Curve

method)
ACI Committee 211 method
DOE method
Indian standard Recommended

method IS 10262-82
Arbitrary
Arbitraryproportion
proportion
The general expression for the proportions of cement, sand

and coarse aggregate is 1 : n : 2n by volume.

1: 1: 2 and 1: 1.2 : 2.4 for very high strength
1: 1.5: 3 and 1: 2 : 4 for normal works.
1: 3: 6 and 1: 4 : 8 for foundations and mass concrete works.
Fineness
FinenessModulus
ModulusMethod
Method
Coarse aggregates: mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, and No. 480.
Fine aggregates: Nos. 480, 240, 120, 60, 30 and 15.
Proportion of the fine aggregate to the combined aggregate by weight
R={(P2-P)/(P-P1)}*100
Where,
P = desired fineness modulus for a concrete mix of fine and coarse
aggregates.
P1= fineness modulus of fine aggregate
P2= fineness modulus of coarse aggregate
Maximum
MaximumDensity
DensityMethod
Method
Where, D = maximum size of aggregate (i.e. coarse aggregate)

P = percentage of material finer than diameter d (by weight)
d = maximum size of fine aggregate.
A box is filled with varying proportions of fine and coarse aggregates.

The proportion which gives heaviest weight is then adopted.
Road
Roadnote
noteNo.
No.44(Grading
(GradingCurve
Curvemethod)
method)
This method for designing mix proportions is mainly based on the extensive laboratory and
field experiments carried out by the road research laboratory, UK. They have established relationship between
various properties of concrete and variable parameters. A series of
standard grading curves have been established to give grading limits for all in aggregates
graded down from 20 mm and 40 mm. The procedure of mix design by road note no. 4
is also called the grading curve method.
American Concrete Institute Method of Mix Design
 This method of proportioning was first published in 1944 by ACI committee 613.
 In 1954 the method was revised to include, among other modifications, the use of
entrained air.
 In 1970, the method of mix design became the responsibility of ACI committee
211.1 and have further updated the method of 1991.
 ACI committee Almost all of the major multipurpose concrete dams in India built
during 1950 have been designed by using then prevalent ACI Committee method of
mix design.
Data to be collected
 Fineness modulus of selected Fine Aggregate
 Unit weight of dry rodded coarse aggregate.
 Specific gravity of coarse and fine aggregates in SSD

condition.
 Absorption characteristics of both coarse and fine
aggregates.
 Specific gravity of cement.
 Target Mean Strength 𝑓𝑚 = 𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 +𝑘𝑠
 Target Mean Strength = 25 + (2.33 * 4.2) = 34.786 MPa
CALCULATION OF Water/cement ratio
Since PPC is used, from graph, the

estimated w/c ratio is 0.53 for 28 day
 Maximum size of aggregate 20 mm.
 Slump of concrete 25 - 75 mm
 For slump 25 – 75 mm and maximum size of aggregate 20 mm
From Table water content is 185 kg/m3

of concrete
C𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 is 349.05 𝑘𝑔 /𝑚3 of

concrete
For 20 mm coarse aggregate, for fineness modulus of 2.67, the dry rodded bulk volume of C.A. is 0.64 per unit
volume of concrete.
(We are taking ratio of C. A. (20mm) and C. A. (10mm) =2:1)
 The weight of C. A. (20mm) = 0.64 𝑥 1577 𝑥 0.66= 666.1248 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
 The weight of C. A. (10mm) = 0.64 𝑥 1501 𝑥 0.33= 317.0112𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
F.A. can be found out by absolute volume method
Item no Ingredients Weights(K Absolute

g/m3) Volume(cm3)
1 Cement 349.05 124.89 * 103
2 Water 185 185 * 103
3 Coarse 666.1248 240.66 * 103
Aggregate(20mm)
4 Coarse 317.0112 133.47 * 103
Aggregate(10mm)
5 Air - 20 * 103
Total absolute volume 704.02 * 103
 Volume of Fine Aggregate = (1000-704.02) * 103 =295.98 * 103 cm3

 Weight of Fine Aggregate = 2.852 * 295.98 = 844.1349 kg/m3
Dry Weight Proportions :
INGREDIENTS Water Cement(PPC) Fine Aggregate Coarse Coarse
Aggregate Aggregate
(10 MM) (20 MM)
QUANTITY(Kg/m3) 185.00 349.05 844.13 317.01 666.12
RATIO 0.53 1 2.41 0.91 1.90
Average Strength

7 DAYS : 18.44 N/mm2
28 DAYS :
27.23 N/mm2
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT (DOE )
 The DOE method was first published in 1975 and then revised in 1988
 While Road Note No 4 or Grading Curve Method was specifically developed for
concrete pavements, the DOE method is applicable to concrete for most purposes,
including roads.
 Since DOE method presently is the standard British method of concrete mix
design, the procedure involved in this method is described instead of out dated Road
Note No 4 method.
Data to be collected
 The percentage of fines passing through 600 μ seive.
 Sp. gravity of coarse and fine aggregates in SSD condition
 Absorption characteristics of both coarse and fine aggregates.
Target mean strength = specified characteristic strength + Standard deviation x

risk factor
fm=f c.k + Standard deviation x risk factor
fm = 25+1.65 𝑥 5.0
fm = 33.25 𝑀𝑃𝑎
We calculate the water/cement ratio from the given target strength of 28 days with the help of
the table 1 and graph 1
Approximate Compressive Strength of Concrete made with free Water/cement Relation Between Compressive strength and free water /cement ratio for
ratio of 0.50 according to the 1988 British Method (DOE) use in DOE method
W/C ratio for DOE method is 0.64

Water content for slump of 25- 75 mm (assumed) 20 mm crushed aggregate Can be determined by from
Table
 Water content =188.33 kg/m3 of concrete
 Cement Content= 294.27 kg/m3 of concrete
 Total aggregate content = 2005.07 kg/m3

 % Fine Aggregate = 39
 Weight of fine aggregate =39/100 *2005.07 =781.98 kg/m3
 Weight of coarse aggregate =61/100*2005.07 =1223.09 kg/m3
Proportion of coarse aggregate fractions
Dry Weight Proportions

INGREDIENTS Cement(P Water Fine Coarse Coarse
PC) Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate
(10 MM) (20 MM)
QUANTITY(Kg/m3) 294.27 188.33 781.98 403.62 819.47

RATIO 1 0.64 2.66 1.37 2.78
Average Strength
7 DAYS : 14.57 N/mm2
28 DAYS :
23.16 N/mm2
Material consumption pie charts
ACI method
COARSE CEMENT
AGGREGATE 15%
(20mm)
28%
WATER
9%
COARSE
AGGREGATE
(10mm)
FINE AGGREGATE
13%
35%
DOE METHOD
CEMENT
12%
COARSE
AGGREGATE
(20MM) WATER
33% 9%
FINE AGGREGATE
31%
COARSE
AGGREGATE
(10MM)
16%
IS METHOD
COARSE CEMENT
AGGREGATE 15%
(20MM)
28%
WATER
8%
COARSE
AGGREGATE FINE
(10MM) AGGREGATE
18% 31%
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
ACI METHOD DOE METHOD IS METHOD
7 DAY STRENGTH (KN/m3) 28 DAY STRENGTH (KN/m3)

METHOD CEMENT WATER FINE COARSE COARSE
AGGREGATE AGGREGATE(10MM) AGGREGATE (20MM)
ACI 1 0.53 2.41 0.91 1.90
DOE 1 0.64 2.66 1.37 2.78
IS 1 0.54 2.04 1.19 1.79

COMPARATIVE TABLE
SPECIFICATIONS ACI DOE IS
W/C ratio 0.53 0.64 0.50
Water Content(Kg/m3) 185.00 188.33 189.50
Cement 349.05 294.27 379
Content(Kg/m3)
Fine aggregate(Kg/m3) 844.13 791.98 773.16
Coarse aggregate 317 403.62 451.01
10mm(Kg/m3)
Coarse aggregate 666.12 819.47 678.41
20mm(Kg/m3)
7 Day 18.44 14.57 29.58
strength(N/mm2)
28 Day 27.23 23.16 42.18
strength(N/mm2)
Slump (mm) 164 156 35
1. Concrete Technology by M S SHETTY
2. ACI Committee 2111.1-91 , standard practice for
selecting proportions for normal heavy weight,and
mass concrete , PART I,manual of concrete
practices,1994
3. Department of Environment ,Design of Normal
Concrete Mixes(Building Research Establishment,
Walford, U.K ,1988)
4. Indian Standard Recommendation Method of
Concrete(IS 10262-1982)
QUESTIONS?!
QUESTIONS?!

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EXPLORATORY PROJECT

One of the ultimate aims of studying the various properties

Mix design can be defined as the process of selecting suitable

Fineness Modulus Method

Maximum Density Method

Road note No. 4 (Grading Curve

ACI Committee 211 method

Indian standard Recommended

The general expression for the proportions of cement, sand

Where, D = maximum size of aggregate (i.e. coarse aggregate)

A box is filled with varying proportions of fine and coarse aggregates.

 Fineness modulus of selected Fine Aggregate

 Unit weight of dry rodded coarse aggregate.

 Specific gravity of coarse and fine aggregates in SSD

CALCULATION OF Water/cement ratio

Since PPC is used, from graph, the

From Table water content is 185 kg/m3

C𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 is 349.05 𝑘𝑔 /𝑚3 of

F.A. can be found out by absolute volume method

Item no Ingredients Weights(K Absolute

 Volume of Fine Aggregate = (1000-704.02) * 103 =295.98 * 103 cm3

QUANTITY(Kg/m3) 185.00 349.05 844.13 317.01 666.12

RATIO 0.53 1 2.41 0.91 1.90

 The percentage of fines passing through 600 μ seive.

 Sp. gravity of coarse and fine aggregates in SSD condition

 Absorption characteristics of both coarse and fine aggregates.

Target mean strength = specified characteristic strength + Standard deviation x

W/C ratio for DOE method is 0.64

 Water content =188.33 kg/m3 of concrete

 Cement Content= 294.27 kg/m3 of concrete

 Total aggregate content = 2005.07 kg/m3

Dry Weight Proportions

7 DAY STRENGTH (KN/m3) 28 DAY STRENGTH (KN/m3)

ACI 1 0.53 2.41 0.91 1.90

DOE 1 0.64 2.66 1.37 2.78

IS 1 0.54 2.04 1.19 1.79

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