Integrated Area Development

INTEGRATED AREA
DEVELOPMENT
An IAD area – one of the many types of area that
may be encompassed by regional planning
• A provincial or sub – provincial area,

interprovincial areas or an ecological unit such as
an island chosen for the application of an
integrated area development (IAD) approach.
Just like REGIONAL PLANNING , the Purposes of IAD Planning
• Preparation and execution of a program for developing a river

basin or an island ecological unit;
• Management of social, economic and physical affairs of an

entire administrative region or metropolitan area.
• Employed in order to qualify for some form of funding

assistance.
Before the 1970’s
• The goals, concepts and approaches of regional planning have
not occupied center stage in development planning and
implementation.
• The concept of “region” has not been clearly defined nor

consistently delineated.
• Despite the absence of formal definition of a region in the lack

of emphasis on the spatial dimension of planning, some form
of “regional planning” has been going on as evidence by the
following …
1970’s
• Regional approach to the development has been given official

recognition as an important element In the national
development effort. (Philippine context)
Creation of the national planning
commission
• Established in 1950 as the only physical planning agency of the

government.
• Function: preparation of the “general” plans for regional areas

for the purpose of coordinating the various plans of urban
areas with the region.
Proliferation of Multi – purpose Regional
Development Authorities
• Mindanao Development Authorities ( Prominent among
authoritie )
• Broad planning, initiating and coordinating agency.
• It’s accomplishments were limited and it has failed to produce

a comprehensive plan for the region.
• Central Luzon – Cagayan Valley Authority ( CLCVA )
• Provide electric power and irrigation, promoting navigation

and engaging in flood control.
Creation of a Resource - Based Authority - the
LLDA
• Manage and plan probably the most strategic natural
resources of the country – the Laguna de Bay
• It’s mandate includes the approval of plans in addition to it’s

authority to reclaim or acquire bodies of land from the lake in
pursuance of it’s objectives.
Largely influence by the Tennessee Valley Authority

Unfortunately
• MDA, LLDA, CLCVA did not receive sufficient financial and

political support and it’s accomplishments fall way short of it’s
mandate.
The Integrated Reorganization Plan ( PD No. 1, signed in
1972 ), delineated the regions of the country.
• Regionalization in the country has moved in two directions:
• ( A ) Regionalization of the administration of national sectoral

services to bring the government closer to the people
( regional offices of national agences )
• ( B ) Regionalization of the planning process ( by RDCs ) to

provide a more rational framework for regional planning
( completed by IAD / IRD projects )
Integrated Area Development in the Philippines
(1970’s until 1986 )
• Projects ( foreign assisted ) were to be the major instruments

to trigger the growth especially of lagging regions in the
country.
• Boundaries were drawn to effectively link rural production

areas market towns and urban centers thereby enhancing
access to product and factor markets.
(1970’s until 1986 )
• A major objective was to revitalize socio – economically

depressed provinces and areas through an integrated
approach in the provision of infra support facilities and
services such as roads, irrigation, domestic water supply,
health and nutrition facilities.
(1970’s until 1986 )
• Later included provinces and areas which are considered as

critical environmental and ecological areas, i. e. Palawan and
Aurora
• Also, included livelihood enterprise project which relate

directly to infrastructure development.
(1970’s until 1986 )
• Initially, under the auspices of cabinet coordinating Committee

on Integrated Rural Development Projects ( CCC – IRDP ),
chaired by DA Secretary Arturo Tanco
• Later, the National Council on Integrated Area Development

( NACIAD ) was created ( PD 1378 ), attached to the Office of
the Prime minister ( Cesar E.A. Virata )
(1970’s until 1986 )
• Bicol River Basin Development Programme ( BRBDP ) in 1975 –
the first IRD/IAD project funded by USAID
• Mindoro Integrated Rural Development Project, in 1975
• Cagayan IAD Project, in 1977
• Samar IRDP, in 1979
• Palawan IAD Project, 1982
• Bohol IAD Project, 1983

The IAD and NACIAD as distinguished from past
rural development programs
• Implemented with a defined geographic unit, within a sub –
regional framework, i.e. ecological units aside from political
boundaries.
• Multi – Sectoral in operation. Systems approach in response to

problems of rural puverty which is complex and multi –
dimensional Synergy.
• Spatial Integration. Linking rural production areas with market

towns and urban centers.
The IAD and NACIAD as distinguished from past
rural development programs
• Designed to generate active and meaningful participation at

the grassroots.
• Commitment at the highest political level.
• Organizational integration with a defined coordination

authority.
Major Problems encountered by NACIAD in
implementing its IAD strategy ( in a paper in
1988 )
• Difficulty in adopting the comprehensive approach due to
heavy sectoral orientation of implementing agencies.
• Difficulty of vertical and horizontal integration due to diverse

planning approaches and sectoral orientation of programs and
projects pursued by executing agencies.
• Minimal, or lack of grassroots participation in the areas of

policy formulation, planning, implementation and evaluation
of rural development programs.
(1970’s until 1986 )
• Funding agencies: WB – IBRD, JICA, IFAD, USAID, EEC/EU, ADB
• Palawan Integrated Area Development Project
• $47 M loan from ADB, 7 ECU grant from EEC, and $7M
counterpart from GOP, for 7 years ( 1981 – 1987 )
• 1st phase – from Roxas going down south in Bataraza

(1970’s until 1986 )
• Agricultural Intensification and Diversification ( AID ) and
livestock Development ( LD ) BY DA
• Agricultural credit by Central Bank
• Irrigation Development by NIA
• Ports, Roads, and Rural Drinking Water Supply by DPWH
• Land Classification ( LC ), Land Survey and Titling (LST), Upland

stabilization Program (USP) by DENR
• Malaria control program by DOH

(1970’s until 1986 )
• Integrated Environmental Program (IEP) and Project Benefit

Monitoring and Evaluation (PBME) by PIADPO of NACIAD
• Institutional Arrangements: Regional Coordinating Committee

(RCC) and Project Executive Committee (PEC); multi – agency
implementation, disbursement by agency, reimbursed by ADB
as endorsed by PIADPO
after EDSA REVOLUTION
• NACIAD was abolished and the overall direction, coordination

and supervision of IAD and similar projects were assumed by
NEDA and RDCs where the projects were located (EO 230)
• PIADPO was attached to the office of the Governor of Palawan

( PIADP was only in one province )
• The reorganization led to the loss of someone momentum in

the gains already had in the IAD approach.
• The RDCs were into strategic policy – making rather than

on organizing and synchronizing resources for project
implementation.
• The IAD seemed to have lost a lot of its appeal to the donor of
external assisting agencies on which its initial successes mostly
depended.
• Most provinces lack the complement of technical expertise or

experience in undertaking and integrated socio – economic
development.
• The second PIADP (SPIADP) was implemented from 1988 –

1992, funded by ADB.
• Through the IEP (funded by EEC ), the strategic Environmental

Plan for Palawan towards Sustainable Development was
formulated (1987) and adopted into law (RA 7611) in 1992.
• RA 7611 created the Palawan Council for Sustainable

Development ( PCSD ), under the Office of the Phil President
converted PIADPO as the PCSD Staff.
• From 1995 – 2002, the Palawan Tropical Forestry Protection

Programme ( PTFPP ) was implemented by PCSDS, funded
( grant) by the Europian Union ( 7M euro ).
Still relevant today
• The problems that the IAD approach intended to respond to

when it was applied are still with us today; rural poverty,
growth disparity within and between regions, lack of inter –
sectoral and spatial integration, environmental integrit, etc.
• As an approach, it is still logical and appropriate.
• In fact, today the need to adopt integrated ( horizontal, i.e.

area – specific ) implementation in the provision of infra
support facilities and services such as roads, irrigation,
domestic water supply, health and nutrition facilities, are
reflected in the Local Government Code of 1991, and in other
development planning frameworks ( TIEZA, economic zones,
NIPAS ),
• As well as in pursuing ecosystem – based management ( EBM )

that emphasizes the interrelationship between ecosystems,
i.e, the upland, lowland and coastal ecosystems ( ridge – to –
reef, watershed, catchment, small island, landscape,
seascape.)

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INTEGRATED AREA

• A provincial or sub – provincial area,

• Preparation and execution of a program for developing a river

• Management of social, economic and physical affairs of an

• Employed in order to qualify for some form of funding

• The concept of “region” has not been clearly defined nor

• Despite the absence of formal definition of a region in the lack

• Regional approach to the development has been given official

• Established in 1950 as the only physical planning agency of the

• Function: preparation of the “general” plans for regional areas

• Broad planning, initiating and coordinating agency.

• It’s accomplishments were limited and it has failed to produce

• Central Luzon – Cagayan Valley Authority ( CLCVA )

• Provide electric power and irrigation, promoting navigation

• It’s mandate includes the approval of plans in addition to it’s

Largely influence by the Tennessee Valley Authority

• MDA, LLDA, CLCVA did not receive sufficient financial and

• Regionalization in the country has moved in two directions:

• ( A ) Regionalization of the administration of national sectoral

• ( B ) Regionalization of the planning process ( by RDCs ) to

• Projects ( foreign assisted ) were to be the major instruments

• Boundaries were drawn to effectively link rural production

• A major objective was to revitalize socio – economically

• Later included provinces and areas which are considered as

• Also, included livelihood enterprise project which relate

• Initially, under the auspices of cabinet coordinating Committee

• Later, the National Council on Integrated Area Development

• Mindoro Integrated Rural Development Project, in 1975

• Cagayan IAD Project, in 1977

• Samar IRDP, in 1979

• Palawan IAD Project, 1982

• Bohol IAD Project, 1983

• Multi – Sectoral in operation. Systems approach in response to

• Spatial Integration. Linking rural production areas with market

• Designed to generate active and meaningful participation at

• Commitment at the highest political level.

• Organizational integration with a defined coordination

• Difficulty of vertical and horizontal integration due to diverse

• Minimal, or lack of grassroots participation in the areas of

• Funding agencies: WB – IBRD, JICA, IFAD, USAID, EEC/EU, ADB

• Palawan Integrated Area Development Project

• 1st phase – from Roxas going down south in Bataraza

• Agricultural credit by Central Bank

• Irrigation Development by NIA

• Ports, Roads, and Rural Drinking Water Supply by DPWH

• Land Classification ( LC ), Land Survey and Titling (LST), Upland

• Malaria control program by DOH

• Integrated Environmental Program (IEP) and Project Benefit

• Institutional Arrangements: Regional Coordinating Committee

• NACIAD was abolished and the overall direction, coordination

• PIADPO was attached to the office of the Governor of Palawan

• The reorganization led to the loss of someone momentum in

• The RDCs were into strategic policy – making rather than

• Most provinces lack the complement of technical expertise or

• The second PIADP (SPIADP) was implemented from 1988 –

• Through the IEP (funded by EEC ), the strategic Environmental

• RA 7611 created the Palawan Council for Sustainable

• From 1995 – 2002, the Palawan Tropical Forestry Protection

• The problems that the IAD approach intended to respond to