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    Quality Control and Quality Assurance

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    Anaya Malik
    1) Quality control involves inspection before, during, and after production as well as building quality into the production process itself. The most progressive approach incorporates continuous improvement. 2) Statistical process control uses control charts to monitor process output and distinguish between random and non-random variability. Control charts plot sample statistics over time and set upper and lower control limits to define the range of acceptable variation. 3) Variation in process output can be either random, due to common causes outside of the process's control, or non-random/assignable, due to special causes that can be identified and addressed. Statistical process control aims to determine whether non-random sources of variation are present.

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    Quality Control and Quality Assurance

    Uploaded by

    Anaya Malik
    19 views18 pages
    1) Quality control involves inspection before, during, and after production as well as building quality into the production process itself. The most progressive approach incorporates continuous improvement. 2) Statistical process control uses control charts to monitor process output and distinguish between random and non-random variability. Control charts plot sample statistics over time and set upper and lower control limits to define the range of acceptable variation. 3) Variation in process output can be either random, due to common causes outside of the process's control, or non-random/assignable, due to special causes that can be identified and addressed. Statistical process control aims to determine whether non-random sources of variation are present.

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    mgt 613 ppt

    Original Title

    Lecture 27

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    1) Quality control involves inspection before, during, and after production as well as building quality into the production process itself. The most progressive approach incorporates continuous improvement. 2) Statistical process control uses control charts to monitor process output and distinguish between random and non-random variability. Control charts plot sample statistics over time and set upper and lower control limits to define the range of acceptable variation. 3) Variation in process output can be either random, due to common causes outside of the process's control, or non-random/assignable, due to special causes that can be identified and addressed. Statistical process control aims to determine whether non-random sources of variation are present.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    19 views18 pages

    Quality Control and Quality Assurance

    Uploaded by

    Anaya Malik
    1) Quality control involves inspection before, during, and after production as well as building quality into the production process itself. The most progressive approach incorporates continuous improvement. 2) Statistical process control uses control charts to monitor process output and distinguish between random and non-random variability. Control charts plot sample statistics over time and set upper and lower control limits to define the range of acceptable variation. 3) Variation in process output can be either random, due to common causes outside of the process's control, or non-random/assignable, due to special causes that can be identified and addressed. Statistical process control aims to determine whether non-random sources of variation are present.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    10-1 Quality Control

    Chapter 27

    QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY


    ASSURANCE
    10-2 Quality Control

    Phases of Quality Assurance


    Figure 10.1

    Inspection and
    Inspection corrective Quality built
    before/after action during into the
    production production process

    Acceptance Process Continuous


    sampling control improvement

    The least The most


    progressive progressive
    10-3 Quality Control

    Inspection
    Figure 10.2
     How Much/How Often
     Where/When

     Centralized vs. On-site

    Inputs Transformation Outputs

    Acceptance Process Acceptance


    sampling control sampling
    10-4 Quality Control

    Inspection Costs for How Much/How Often


    Figure 10.3
    Cost

    Total Cost
    Cost of
    inspection

    Cost of
    passing
    defectives

    Optimal
    Amount of Inspection
    10-5 Quality Control

    Inspection Costs for How Much/How Often

     With increase in Inspection activities the cost of


    undetected defectives decrease.
    10-6 Quality Control

    Where to Inspect in the Process


    1. Raw materials and purchased parts ( DO not
    purchase poor quality products).
    2. Finished products ( Poor products returned by
    customers can also lead to additional shipping
    costs).
    3. Before a costly operation ( Do not waste
    Resources of Man, Material and Machine).
    4. Before an irreversible process ( Pottery,
    Ceramics, Tiles, PC chips, glass filaments).
    5. Before a covering process ( Before painting,
    plating and assembly).
    10-7 Quality Control

    Centralized vs Onsite Inspection


     Inspection of Ships, Nuclear Plants, Petroleum
    Refinery, Chemical Plant equipments for cracks,
    brittle fracture etc both external and internal
    inspection.
     Lab tests include blood tests, material testing
    10-8 Quality Control
    1. Statistical Process Control:
    Statistical evaluation of the output of a process
    during production.
    2. Quality of Conformance:
    A product or service conforms to
    specifications.
     Which Characteristics can be controlled: Only
    those characteristics which can be counted or
    measured .
     Main Task of QC: is to distinguish random
    from non random variability.
    10-9 Quality Control

    Control Chart

     Control Chart
     Purpose: to monitor process output to see if
    it is random.
     A time ordered plot, representative of
    sample statistics obtained from an on going
    process.
     Upper and lower control limits define the
    range of acceptable variation.
    10-10 Quality Control

    Control Chart
    Figure 10.4

    Abnormal variation Out of


    due to assignable sources control
    UCL

    Mean
    Normal variation
    due to chance
    LCL
    Abnormal variation
    due to assignable sources

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
    Sample number
    10-11 Quality Control

    Statistical Process Control

     The Control Process


    1. Define
    2. Measure
    3. Compare
    4. Evaluate
    5. Correct
    6. Monitor results
    10-12 Quality Control

    Statistical Process Control

     Variations and Control


     Random variation: Natural variations in the
    output of a process, created by countless
    minor factors Also called COMMON/
    CHANCE. INHERENT and part of the
    process.
     Assignable variation: A variation whose
    source can be identified.
    10-13 Quality Control

    Statistical Process Control

     The variability of a sample statistic can be


    described by its SAMPLING
    DISTRIBUTION.
     The goal of sampling is to determine whether
    non random /assignable/ correctable sources
    of variation are present in the output of the
    process.
    10-14 Quality Control

    Control Charts
     A control chart is a time ordered plot of sample
    statistics.
     It is used to distinguish between random
    variability and non random variability.
     Theoretically any value is possible as the
    distribution extends to infinity.
     99.7% of all values will be within + 3 standard
    deviations.
     The basis of control chart is sample distribution
    which essentially describes random variability.
    10-15 Quality Control

    Control Charts
     A sample statistic that falls between UCL and
    LCL suggests ( does not prove) randomness and a
    value outside suggests ( does not prove)
    nonrandomness.
    10-16 Quality Control

    Sampling Distribution
    Figure 10.5

    Sampling
    distribution

    Process
    distribution

    Mean
    10-17 Quality Control

    Normal Distribution
    Figure 10.6

    Standard deviation

       


    Mean
    95.44%

    99.74%
    10-18 Quality Control

    Control Limits
    Figure 10.7
    Sampling
    distribution

    Process
    distribution

    Mean

    Lower Upper
    control control
    limit limit

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