Allelopathic Effect of Acapulco (Cassia Alata) Leaves Extract To Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica Juncea)

Allelopathic Effect of Acapulco
(Cassia Alata) leaves extract to

Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard
Greens (Brassica juncea)
Proponents:
Shan Mark V. Arguelles
June Myriz O. Bayani
Daphne Denise B. Jalla
Jessa Mae M. Linhower
Eunice Erica D. Loyola
Juliana Louise G. Mantes
Maria Cyril Rose B. Valderamos

Introduction
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant by another,
resulting to the release into the environment of substances acting as
germination or growth inhibitors. Day by day, during summer,
Crabgrass starts to thrive. But since the Philippines is a tropical
country, this weed just grows in any possible place where there is soil
with the exception of shady places. Soils lose moisture and nutrients
resulting from the continuous and rapid growth of this weed. This can
be a major problem because it might affect the growth of other
plants.
Acapulco, on the other hand, is rich in the Philippines. Too rich that it
starts to get abundant despite of its various uses. Mustard Green is
one of the most consumed vegetable in the Philippines. It produces
Vitamin B that helps the body to have vitamins and minerals that
makes the bones stronger and makes the skin glow. The researchers
aimed to use Acapulco Leaves, Crabgrass and the Mustard Greens as
the subject. The researcherswould conduct a study wherein the growth
of Crabgrass must slow down without affecting the nutrients of the
Mustard greens. With these materials, the researchers would create an
alternative way so that this particular weeds growth will slow down.
Statement of the Problem
The researchers will seek to determine the Allelopathic Effect of Acapulco (Cassia
alata) Leaves Extract to Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica
juncea)
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the chemical properties of Acapulco (Cassia alata) Leaves?
2. What is the Effect of Acapulco (Cassia alata) Leaves Extract to the Growth of
Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea)?
3. What concentration of Acapulco (Cassia alata) Leaves Extract is most effective
as an allelochemical to Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea)

Hypothesis
H0 There is no significant difference
between the growth of Crabgrass
(Digitaria)andMustard Greens (Brassica
juncea) with and without Akapulko
(Cassia alata) leaves extract.

Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will contribute to the benefit of the society
considering that Crabgrass is one of the weed problems in the
Philippines. The society will be benefited by the slowing down of the
growth of this weed while not affecting the nutrients of Mustard greens
by using Acapulco leaves that is environmental friendly. For the
researchers, this study will help them uncover other plants that have
the same chemical properties as the Acapulco Leaves to be used to slow
the growth of weeds while maintaining the general growth rate of
Mustard Greens.
Scope and Limitation
This study will be creating a concentration that makes the growth
of Crabgrass slower but will not affect the growth of Mustard
greens. For this study, the concentration can only be used on
Crabgrass and Mustard greens. The process and observation of
this study will be conducted for a month. This will be conducted at
Luis Palad Integrated High School, Tayabas City. The study will only
be limited to the researcher’s locality at Tayabas City. This will be
conducted at Brgy. Ilayang Wakas, Tayabas City.

Experimental Design
Independent Dependent Variable

Variable

Utilization of Growth of Crabgrass
Acapulco(Cassia and Mustard Greens
alata) leaves extract
Figure 2. Experimental Design on the Allelopathic

Effect of Akapulko Leaves (Cassia alata) Leaves
Extract to Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens
(Brassica juncea)
Figure 2 shows the relationship between the variables in
conducting the study. The independent variable is the
different concentrations of Acapulco Leaves Extract. The
dependent variable is the Growth of Crabgrass and Mustard
Greens.
Definition of Terms
Allelopathic-the suppression of growth of
one plant species by another due to the
release of toxic substances.
Herbicide- a chemical used to destroy
plants or stop plant growth.
Allelochemicals- a toxic chemical
produced by a plant in order to defend itself
against herbivores or competing plants.

Methanolic- containing methanol usually
as
Methodology
The materials that the researchers will use are: Different concentrations of akapulko leaves, mustard
greens, methanol, and crabgrass. The equipment that the researchers will use are the following: sprinkler,
shovel, meter, and bowl.
First, the researchers will gather all the materials and equipment that will be needed to make the different
concentration. The researcher will then extract the Akapulko Leaves by methanolic extraction. Four
concentrations will be made: 100 mL pure extract, 50mL extract and 50mL water, 75mL extract and 25mL
water, and 25mL extract and 75mL water. Each concentration will be watered to 5 plants of Crabgrass and
Mustard Greens. Also, the following are to be watered by water only: 5 Mustard Greens with 5 Crabgrass,
and 5 Mustard Greens without Crabgrass. In addition, there will also be 5 Crabgrass and 5 Mustard Greens
that is not to be watered by any of the concentration because it will serve as the controlled variable. After
finishing the concentration, the researchers will then pour the respective concentrations to the Crabgrass
and Mustard Greens. This will be done daily within a month from March 10, 2019.
Bibliography
• Merriam Webster Dictionary. Allelopathy. Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allelopathy
• Merriam Webster Dictionary. Methanolic. Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/methanolic
• Merriam Webster Dictionary. Allelochemical. Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allelochemical
• Merriam Webster Dictionary. Herbicide. Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/herbicide
• UERMMMC Journal of Health Sciences (2001).In vitro study on the efficacy of aqueous
akapulko (Cassia alata L.) solution in inhibiting the growth of
Trichophytonmentagrophytes using agar well diffus.Retrieved: January-June 2001 from
http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?view=research&cid=36017
• Aspen Lawn and Landscape (2017). Facts about Crabgrass. Retrieved: August
2017 from https://aspenlawn.com/facts-about-crabgrass/
•Elsevier B.V. (2012).Phytochemical and allelopathic studies
of Terminaliacatappa L. (Combretaceae). Retrieved: April 2012 from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305197811002341
• The George Mateljan Foundation (2018). Mustard Greens. Retrieved December 3-
9, 2018 from http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=93
• Ikechukwu Agbagwa (2003). Stimulation of Growth and Development of Celosia
argentea L. by Crude Extracts of Senna alata. Retrieved: January 2003 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272341931_Stimulation_of_Growth_and_
Development_of_Celosia_argentea_L_by_Crude_Extracts_of_Senna_alata_L_Roxb

Allelopathic Effect of Acapulco (Cassia Alata) Leaves Extract To Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica Juncea)

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Allelopathic Effect of Acapulco

(Cassia Alata) leaves extract to

Shan Mark V. Arguelles

June Myriz O. Bayani

Daphne Denise B. Jalla

Jessa Mae M. Linhower

Eunice Erica D. Loyola

Juliana Louise G. Mantes

Maria Cyril Rose B. Valderamos

Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant by another,

resulting to the release into the environment of substances acting as

germination or growth inhibitors. Day by day, during summer,

Crabgrass starts to thrive. But since the Philippines is a tropical

be a major problem because it might affect the growth of other

starts to get abundant despite of its various uses. Mustard Green is

one of the most consumed vegetable in the Philippines. It produces

aimed to use Acapulco Leaves, Crabgrass and the Mustard Greens as

the subject. The researcherswould conduct a study wherein the growth

of Crabgrass must slow down without affecting the nutrients of the

Mustard greens. With these materials, the researchers would create an

alata) Leaves Extract to Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the chemical properties of Acapulco (Cassia alata) Leaves?

Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea)?

3. What concentration of Acapulco (Cassia alata) Leaves Extract is most effective

as an allelochemical to Crabgrass (Digitaria) and Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea)

H0 There is no significant difference

between the growth of Crabgrass

(Digitaria)andMustard Greens (Brassica

juncea) with and without Akapulko

(Cassia alata) leaves extract.

considering that Crabgrass is one of the weed problems in the

Philippines. The society will be benefited by the slowing down of the

by using Acapulco leaves that is environmental friendly. For the

the same chemical properties as the Acapulco Leaves to be used to slow

the growth of weeds while maintaining the general growth rate of

This study will be creating a concentration that makes the growth

of Crabgrass slower but will not affect the growth of Mustard

greens. For this study, the concentration can only be used on

Crabgrass and Mustard greens. The process and observation of

this study will be conducted for a month. This will be conducted at

be limited to the researcher’s locality at Tayabas City. This will be

conducted at Brgy. Ilayang Wakas, Tayabas City.

Independent Dependent Variable

Figure 2. Experimental Design on the Allelopathic

shovel, meter, and bowl.

• Merriam Webster Dictionary. Methanolic. Retrieved from

• Merriam Webster Dictionary. Allelochemical. Retrieved from

• Merriam Webster Dictionary. Herbicide. Retrieved from

akapulko (Cassia alata L.) solution in inhibiting the growth of

Trichophytonmentagrophytes using agar well diffus.Retrieved: January-June 2001 from

2017 from https://aspenlawn.com/facts-about-crabgrass/

•Elsevier B.V. (2012).Phytochemical and allelopathic studies

of Terminaliacatappa L. (Combretaceae). Retrieved: April 2012 from

• The George Mateljan Foundation (2018). Mustard Greens. Retrieved December 3-

9, 2018 from http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=93

• Ikechukwu Agbagwa (2003). Stimulation of Growth and Development of Celosia

argentea L. by Crude Extracts of Senna alata. Retrieved: January 2003 from