Chapter I

Introduction

A. Rationale of the study

Many people are advocating their time for the environmental

recovery of our planet. The negative effect of the people’s

irresponsibility is very eminent. Through the years modernization

affects and welfare of the people and through this many objects

improved like using different chemicals on certain products to

make it more effective. One of the major issues that we are facing

in our society today, is the depletion of plants found in our local

communities. According to National geographic, Forests still

cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area, but they are

disappearing at an alarming rate. Between 1990 and 2016, the

world lost 502,000 square miles (1.3 million square kilometers)

of forest, according to the World Bank—an area larger than South

Africa. Since humans started cutting down forests, 46 percent of

trees have been felled, according to a 2015 study in the journal

Nature. About 17 percent of the Amazonian rainforest has

been destroyed over the past 50 years, and losses recently have

been on the rise.

In response to this depletion of resources many

environmental groups, research facilities and communities are

cultivating their own forest life. A famous example of this is “The

Great Green Wall”, it is an African-led movement with an epic

ambition to grow an 8,000km natural wonder of the world across

the entire width of Africa. A decade in and roughly 15% underway,

1
the initiative is already bringing life back to Africa’s degraded

landscapes at an unprecedented scale, providing food security,

jobs and a reason to stay for the millions who live along its

path. Movements like this are bringing back the life that was lost

in our planet. But to support and to hasten the progress and

growth of these plants, many are using fertilizer.

Many of which said fertilizers are chemical based products.

These chemicals found in the fertilizers can, yes hasten the growth

of the plant but damage the surrounding environment. According

to the Hunker, Chemical fertilizers have aided farmers in

increasing crop production since the 1930's. While chemical

fertilizers have their place increasing plant nutrients in adverse

weather conditions or during times when plants need additional

nutrients, there are also several harmful effects of chemical

fertilizers. Some of the harm chemical fertilizers may cause

include waterway pollution, chemical burn to crops, increased air

pollution, acidification of the soil and mineral depletion of the soil.

Knowing these cons of the chemical fertilizers, many are

now switching to organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer is usually

made from plant or animal waste or powdered minerals. Examples

include manure and compost, as well as bone and cottonseed

meal. They are usually sold as “soil conditioners” rather than as

fertilizer, because the nutrient ratios are difficult to guarantee.

Organic fertilizers may be processed in a factory, or, in the case

of manure and compost, at a farm. The advantages of these

fertilizer is that, in addition to releasing nutrients, as organic

2
fertilizers break down, they improve the structure of the soil and

increase its ability to hold water and nutrients. Over time, organic

fertilizers will make your soil–and plants–healthy and strong.

Since they are the ultimate slow-release fertilizers, it’s very

difficult to over fertilize (and harm) your plants. There’s little to

no risk of toxic buildups of chemicals and salts that can be deadly

to plants.

As a response to these problems the researchers wanted to

see the effects of natural and alternative fertilizers to the plants

in means of the amount added to the plant. Throughout the

history, plant waste has been always used as a fertilizer. Also, in

the Filipino community, people are fond of eating fruits and

vegetables but the people are irresponsibly disposing their waste,

for example, by burning it. This action causes our ozone layer to

deplete. Their depletion is causing the planet’s temperature to

rise, making it hard to plant in some areas. Since plants are well

known to be good fertilizer of other plants. The researchers though

of making a fertilizer that is made out of plants that are indigenous

and abundant to our country, the Philippines. The researchers

observed that papaya, orange, malunggay are abundant in the

homes of every Filipino household. So the researchers decide to

use these materials on the research that they are going to

conduct.

3
 B. Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the difference on the effects

of the fertilizer based on the amount used in a plant that aims to:

1. To test the effectiveness of the alternative fertilizer.

2. To determine the difference in the growth of the plant in relation

to the amount of fertilizer.

C. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Ho: The amount of alternative organic fertilizer, which is made up

of papaya peels, mallunggay leaves and orange peels, does not

affect the growth of the plant.

Ha: The amount of alternative organic fertilizer, which is made up

of papaya peels, mallunggay leaves and orange peels, does affect

the growth of the plant.

D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the expediency of papaya (Careca papaya)

peels, orange (Citrus x sinensis) peels and malunggay (Moringa

Oleifera) as a fertilizer to the monggo plant. This study would be

beneficial to the farmers, community, environment and the future

researchers.

Farmers: This study will give a beneficial to the farmers. Lessening

the usage of expensive and hardiness fertilizers.

4
Community: This study will be beneficial to the community y helping

farmers to grow healthier plants that they can sell. Which in the long

way run could help our country’s economy.

Environment: This study is beneficial to the environment by helping

lessen the usage of hazardous fertilizer. Also being a fertilizer it helps

with the growth of the plants and trees, which can help with our

planet’s forest life.

Future researches: This study is beneficial to the future

researchers by giving them a guide, if ever they would want to further

continue the study that we have started.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This study aims to test the expediency of orange (Citrus x sinensis),

papaya (Caneca papaya) peels and malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) as

an alternative fertilizer.To formulate a plant fertilizer, this plant

limits to the usage of orange (Citrus x sinensis) peels, papaya

(Caneca papaya) peels and malunggay (Moringa oleifera).This study

limits its coverage on monggo plants only.And the effective of the

fertilizer in the plant. This study focus on assessing the benefits of

the fertilizer.And lastly, to test its effectiveness based on the amount

applied to the monggo plant.This research is designed to have a

thorough knowledge on how fertilizer plays an important role in

providing crops with the nutrients that a plant needs to grow.

5
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Collecting- to bring together into a place

Alternative- not usual or traditional

Effective- Producing a result that is wanted/expected

Expediency- the quality of being suitable

Depletion- a great reduction of something

Hazardous- a great risk or danger

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1 shows the relation of the Dependant and the independent

variable: The papaya (Carica papaya) peels, the malunggay (Moringa

oleifera) and Orange peels (Citrus X sinensis) and the monggo seeds.

This will show the process and variables needed for the completion of

the study. The data bellow will present the whole concept that will be

followed during the study.

6
Input Process Output

Determine the
effectiveness
Independent
of the fertilizer
variables
in different
-Orange peels Gathering of
amounts
the materials
-Malunggay Create an
leaves Making of the
alternative
Alternative
fertilizer
-Papaya peels fertilizer
Indentify the
-water Preparation of
differences in
Dependent different set
the growth of
variables ups.
the plant in
relation to the
-Mongo plant
amount of
fertilizer.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

7
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Organic fertilizers comprise a variety of plant-derived

materials that range from fresh or dried plant material to animal

manures and litters to agricultural by-products (Wohlfarth and

Schroeder, 1979; Das and Jana, 2003; Kumar et al., 2004). The

nutrient content of organic fertilizers varies greatly among source

materials, and readily biodegradable materials make better

nutrient sources. Nitrogen and phosphorus content is lower, often

substantially lower, in organic fertilizers compared to chemical

fertilizers. Moisture content is another factor that reduces or

dilutes the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of organic

fertilizers. Thus, it can be cost ineffective to transport high-

moisture organic fertilizer long distances. However, use of locally

available sources is perfectly reasonable if its use is consistent

with the production strategy. Nutrient value of animal manures is

more variable than that of agricultural by-products. The animal's

diet, the use and type of bedding material, manure age, and how

it was stored are factors that affect manure nutrient value; these

factors can vary seasonally on and among farms, and regionally

or on a larger geographic scale. In contrast, nutrient content of

agricultural by-products is less variable but can be affected by the

industrial process used to produce the by-product. However, it

always is advisable to analytically determine the nutrient content

of the organic fertilizer.

8
 The organic carbon content of organic fertilizer can be of

equal or greater importance than its nitrogen and phosphorus

contents. Application of organic fertilizer promotes increases in

heterotrophic bacterial biomass, which stimulates other secondary

productivity and mineralizes nutrients to stimulate primary

productivity (Schroeder, 1978; Anderson, 1987; Colman and

Edwards, 1987; Qin et al., 1995; Barkoh et al., 2005).

Furthermore, through respiration the increased bacterial

population generates carbon dioxide, which increases dissolved

inorganic carbon available to phytoplankton, dissolves limestone

to increase pond total alkalinity, and can moderate increases in

pH during periods of intense photosynthesis. Also through

respiration, the bacterial population consumes oxygen and heavy

applications of organic matter can result in low predawn pond

dissolved oxygen concentration (Qin et al., 1995). However,

organic matter decomposition and nutrient mineralization occurs

over days in contrast to immediate nutrient availability from

chemical fertilizer.

Application of organic fertilizers to ponds depends on the

fertilizer form and moisture content. The recommended

application method for fresh animal manure, for example, cattle,

swine, is to make a manure–water slurry that is splashed over the

pond surface. Poultry litter can be applied by broadcasting over

the ponds surface. Poultry litter bedding material such as wood

chips/shaving or rice hulls, as opposed to sawdust, can

decompose and accumulate on the pond bottom, which is

9
undesirable. Agricultural by-products, for example, alfalfa meal,

rice bran, can be broadcast over the pond surface along the

windward bank or mixed with water to make a slurry that is

splashed over the pond surface.

By many definitions, minerals are separate from organic

materials. However, certain organic fertilizers and amendments

are mined, specifically guano and peat. Other mined minerals are

fossil products of animal activity, such as greensand (anaerobic

marine deposits), some limestones (fossil shell deposits), and

some rock phosphates (fossil guano).

Peat, a precursor to coal, offers no nutritional value to the

plants, but improves the soil by aeration and absorbing water. It

is sometimes credited as being the most widely use organic

fertilizer and by volume is the top organic amendment.

Animal sourced materials include both animal manures and

residues from the slaughter of animals. Manures are derived from

milk-producing dairy animals, egg-producing poultry, and animals

raised for meat and hide production. When any animal is

butchered, only about 40% to 60% of the live animal is converted

to market product, with the remaining 40% to 60% classed as by-

products. These by-products of animal slaughter, mostly inedible

: blood, bone, feathers, hides, hoofs, horns can be refined into

agricultural fertilizers including bloodmeal, bone meal[1] fish meal,

and feather meal.

10
 Chicken litter, which consists of chicken manure mixed with

sawdust, is an organic fertilizer that has been proposed to be

superior for conditioning soil for harvest than synthetic fertilizers.

Processed organic fertilizers include compost, humic acid,

amino acids, and seaweed extracts. Other examples are natural

enzyme-digested proteins. Decomposing crop residue (green

manure) from prior years is another source of fertility.

Other ARS studies have found that algae used to capture

nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from agricultural fields can not

only prevent water contamination of these nutrients, but also can

be used as an organic fertilizer. ARS scientists originally developed

the "algal turf scrubber" to reduce nutrient runoff and increase

quality of water flowing into streams, rivers, and lakes. They found

that this nutrient-rich algae, once dried, can be applied to

cucumber and corn seedlings and result in growth comparable to

that seen using synthetic fertilizers.

Sewage sludge, also known as biosolids, is effuent that has

been treated, blended, composted, and sometimes dried until

deemed biologically safe. As a fertilzer it is most commonly used

on non-agricultural crops such as in silviculture or in soil

remediation. Use of biosolids in agricultural production is less

common, and the National Organic Program of the USDA (NOP)

has ruled that biosolids are not permitted in organic food

production in the U.S.; while biologic in origin (vs mineral), sludge

is unacceptable due to toxic metal accumulation, pharmaceuticals,

hormones, and other factors.[4]

11
 With concerns about human borne pathogens coupled with

a growing preference for flush toilets and centralized sewage

treatment, biosolids have been replacing night soil (from human

excreta), a traditional organic fertilizer that is minimally

processed.

Coriander (Coriandrumsativum) is one of the most

important spice and medicinal plants belonging to the family

Apiaceae. It is also known as cilantro (American: Cilantro).

Chinese parsely or dahania. It is native to Southern Europe and

Northern Africa to Southwestern Asia (Samuelsson, 2003). It is

an annual herb and a cool season crop. It can be grown on a

variety of soil and prefers light, well drained, moist, loamy soil

and can also grow on heavy black soil (Bhat et al., 2014).India

is the major producing country; other major countries that

export the coriander crop include United States of America,

Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Singapore. United Kingdom, Middle

East, Germany and South East Asia. In Pakistan, it is produce

in Punjab and also in KPK including Nawoshera, Sawabi,

Charsadda, Mardan and Peshawar. It provides significant

amount of Dietary fiber, Calcium, Selenium, Iron, Magnesium

and Manganese per 100 gm (Anonymous, 2013). All parts of the

plant are use as food but in fresh form. The seed are used in

cooking recipes. Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers result in

salt accumulation in the soil and forced the plant to spend more

energy to take the water from the soil and may results in low yield

or the complete wilting of plant(Liu et al.,2014). Inorganic

fertilizer remains on the surface of the soil after heavy rain

12
resulting in leaching. It adversely affects our environment while

the use of such crops International Journal of Agricultural and

Environmental Research FREE AND OPEN ACCESS Available online

at www.ijaaer.com ISSN 2414-8245 (Online) ISSN 2518-6116

(Print)

117 raised as a result of excessive use of inorganic

fertilizer sometime badly affects the health of human being.

Inorganic fertilizer do not retain in the soil for long period of time

particularly the nitrogen and provide more nutrient to the weeds

so as a result there is great infestation of weeds that compete

with the main crop for nutrients, water and other resources

require for the growth and development of the plant (Jama et

al., 1997). Organic fertilizer including farmyard manure,

poultry manure and compost are used for several decades ago.

And the use of these manure before those inorganic fertilizer,

which is the most recent development as compared to those

of organic. These are environment friendly compare to inorganic

(Akande et al., 2004).Especially, poultry manure supplies more

Nitrogen and Phosphorus to the plants as compare to other

organic fertilizer (Garg et al., 2008). The cost of inorganic fertilizer

is rising day by day and that’s the signal for the farmer to

switch toward organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers enhance the soil

fertility, soil structure, water holding capacity, physical and

chemical properties, soil pH, microbial activity and also crop

production in term of yield (Marschner, 1986; Walker et al.,

2004; Clemente et al., 2006; Agbede et al., 2008 and Muhammad

et al., 2009). It improves nutrient release at time of

13
decomposition in soil. It also improves the physical properties

such as bulk density, aeration and porosity of soil (Franken berger

et al., 1985). Organic fertilizer plays an important role in nutrient

availability without having undesirable effect on the

environment (Njoroge et al., 1999). Organic fertilizer enhances

the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant such as Plant

height, shoots plant-1, number of leaves, fresh bio mass and dry

bio mass (Nandekar et al. 1990; Said, 1997).Organic fertilizer

enhances the availability of N, P, K and other essential nutrients

which play an important role in growth and development of

plant (Palm et al., 2001).It is a superficial soil nutrient source

providing the best amount of nutrient to the crop and prevents

the nutrient imbalances (Blayet al., 2002).Organic manure has the

ability to reduce the soil pH and enhance the electrical

conductivity and nutrient absorption (Davamejad et al.,

2002).The organic materials play an important role to enhance the

physical properties of the soil, such as bulk density, improve

microbial activities, water absorption and nutrient availability

to the plant (Mohanty et al., 2006).The present study was

conducted with the objective to study the influence of different

organic fertilizers on growth and yield of coriander. MATERIAL

AND METHODS An experiment was conducted in the year 2015-

2016 at Horticulture Research farm the University of Agriculture

Peshawar, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in RCB design

with single factor having 4 treatments and treatments were

replicated three times. Different sources of organic manures

were used. Compost and FYM was applied at 1.0 kg m-2, while

14
poultry manure was applied at 0.8kg m-2due to higher N content

as compared to compost and FYM. The crop was sown at 20th

September. The field was prepared one month before the seed

sowing. After field preparation, well rotten organic fertilizer was

applied to each plot according to the experimental design. The

seed was sown at a depth of 1-2 cm with plant-plant and row-

row distance of 1-2 and 12inches respectively. Inorganic

fertilizer was applied as a basal dose to each and every plot at the

time of seed sowing. Urea was applied @ 13.04-gram m-

2whereas Single super phosphate was applied @ 25-gram m-

2because we have provided all the normal diet to all plots. All the

cultural practices such as weeding, hoeing, thinning and

irrigation etc were performed at their proper time.

Effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of lettuce

(Lactuca sativa L.) used as vegetables ,the study was conducted

to observe the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth

and yield of lettuce in the field conditions during the period

from October 2011 to January 2012. The experiment was

performed by randomized block design consisted of four factors

as well as control (without fertilizer), poultry manure (chicken

litter), cattle manure (cow dung) and commercial fertilizer. Under

these four factors, eight treatments namely T0 (control); T1, T2

and T3 (10, 20, 30 tons/ha of poultry manure, respectively);

T4, T5 and T6 (15, 25, 35 tons/ha of cattle manure,

respectively); and T7 (10 tons/ha commercial fertilizer), with

three replications were applied. The studies revealed that the

highest production of lettuce was obtained by using eco-

15
friendly organic fertilizer followed by commercial fertilizer than

control one. The average maximum number of leaves, root

length and yield per plot were observed by using cow dung in T6,

while the lowest in T0. The chicken litter fertilized plants had

relatively higher average leaves length, leaves breadth and base

diameter; while the maximum dry matter content and yield per

hectare were found by applying cow dung in T5. The highest gross

return of BDT 1168800/ha and net return of BDT 683229/ha with

the benefit cost ratio of 1.40 was obtained from T5. From the

economic point of view, it is concluded that T5 was the best dose

of fertilizer for maximizing the growth and yield of lettuce

16
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

Gathering Preparatio Experimen

C. Preparati
A. Collection of A. on of set-up
orange peels A (10
grams) A. Testing of
B. Collection of
B. Preparations different
malunggay
of Set-up B set-ups
leaves
(15 grams) B. Measuring of
C. Collection of
C. Preparation different
papaya
of set-up C stems from
peels
(20 grams) different
D. Gathering of
D. Preparation set-ups
monggo
seeds of set-up D
(no
fertilizer)

RESEARCH SUBJECT

This study utilizes the Experimental method of Research. This was

highly controlled and each action or treatment done in the study was

highly manipulated. Specific measurements were taken from the

Experimental Variable which is the Orange (Citrus x sinensis) peels,

17
Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) and Papaya (Caneca papaya) peels then

were placed to the dependent variable( soil and the monggo seeds) to

determine the effectiveness of the fertilizer. All other factors were kept

constant so that it would also not cause major spin offs to the

observations, experimentation and the result of the study.

This study also focused on how the amount of fertilizer, made from

the orange (Citrus x sinensis) peels, papaya (Caneca papaya) peels and

malunggay (Moringa Oleifera), affect the growth of the plant. To test if

the amount will have any significant difference to the outcome of the

plant. Additionally, the fertilizer was tested to determine the

effectiveness of the fertilizer through experiments and observations that

were gathered and utilize as a collective base in making conclusions of

the finished outcome of the study.

The experimental set-up consist of three (3) sub set-ups and one

(1) controlled set-up. Each set-up had undergone the same process,

same environment and the same test in order to avoid alteration and

confusion of observations. The 3 experimental set-ups that were

prepared was then left out to grow and was then measured and

compared to every other set-up.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The researchers conducted this experiment in Ormoc city under

the guidance and jurisdiction of St. Peter’s college of Ormoc providing

the researchers their support and apparatuses in producing the total

outcome and experimentation of this study in one of their laboratories.

18
RESEARCH TOOLS/INSTRUMENTS

The researchers regard the organic fertilizer, made out of

malunggay (Moringa oleifera) leaves, orange (Citrus x sinensis) peels

and papaya (Carica papaya), as the instrument of their investigation to

discern and identify it’s effectiveness as a fertilizer. To see if the amount

of fertilizer given to a plant will affect the growth of the plant. Plant

waste that is believed to hasten the growth of plants. The fertilizer was

tested by placing it inside a potter plant with ten (10) monggo seeds

inside, each pot will have different amount of fertilizer. After which the

plants will be examined and measured to determine the effects and

difference of the plants.

A table will also be created to help determine the results of the

experimentation. The table will identify the number of monggo seeds

that grew. The number of leaves that grew on the plants will also be

tabulated. The length of the stems will also be a factor in finding out the

results of the experiment. After tabulating the results the data will be

analyze to find the final result of the experiment.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

I. GATHERING OF MATERIALS

The researchers collected the different plant waste from various

locations found in Ormoc city, Leyte. Coming from the homes of

the researchers, themselves. The materials were placed in

different containers to hasten the process. The soil was collected

from the yard of a researcher. The monggo seed used in the

19
 experiment was given to the researchers by a local farmer that

was an acquaintance with one of the researchers.

II. PREPARATION OF SET-UPS

Four compostable plant pots were prepared, 4 100 ml beaker, a

ruler and a weighing scale was prepared. With careful handling

the fertilizer was measured using the weighing scale. In total the

fertilizer measured 45 grams and the water used for the watering

of the plants totaled to 4,400 ml of distilled water.

The soil was placed in each pot about 2 inches from the base. The

fertilizer was then added to the pot with specific amount of

fertilizer to be used for each pot. Pot A with 10g of fertilizer, pot

B with 15g of fertilizer, pot C with 20g of fertilizer and pot D with

no fertilizer at all. After the fertilizer more soil was added

measuring about 5.50 inches from the base. The monggo seed

were then added to each pot, 10 seed were placed in each pot.

Then the seed were covered with another layer of soil. All in all

about 6 inches of soil was measured from each of the pot after the

experimentation.

After planting the seeds, 100 ml of water was then added to each

pot, to keep moisture in the soil. The pots were placed in an area

wherein each pot received ample amount of sunlight. The plants

were watered with 100 ml of distilled water in the morning and in

the afternoon. The plants were given 5 days to grow after the day

of the preparation of the set-ups.

20
III. TESTING OF THE SET-UPS

The then grown plants were plucked from each pot. Separating

each one based from the pot that they came in. The length of the

stem was measured along with the number of plants that has

grown and the number of leaves that has grown. The data was

then tabulated to determine the results of the experiment.

STATISTICAL TOOL

The data gathered from the table were classified, tabulated, computed

and analyzed statistically ang weighted mean to test the hypothesis of

the study. Wherein Σx is the summation of x, the data for each column

and Σx/n is the computed mean for each row, the summation of the

ratings divided by the number of respondents.

21
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

PRESENTATION

The researchers used a specific part of each fruit and or vegetable.

For the orange (Citrus x sinensis) and the papaya (Carica papaya) the

researchers used the peels and for the malunggay (Moringa oleifera) the

researchers used the leaves. To sum it all up, there were 4 set-ups were

used in the experiment namely set-up A, B, C and D. Set up A had 10g

of fertilizer, set-up B had 15g of fertilizer, set-up c had 20g of fertilizer

while set-up D had no fertilizer at all. Each set up was watered with

100ml of water, twice a day. The cultivation of the plant lasted for 5

days after the day of the preparation.

The Independent variable are the Orange (Citrus x sinensis) peels,

Papaya (Carica papaya) peels and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) leaves,

the dependent variable are the soil and the monggo plant, the constant

variable is the amount of water that is added to the plant, the containers

and the observation time. In testing the samples, a table was used to

present the data shown in the experiment. The results of the experiment

were tabulated.

22
 Expediency

Average Average
Set-up Fertilizer Number of
Length of the number of
plants
stems leaves

A 10 grams 8 3.775 2

B 15 grams 10 6.66 2.4

C 20 grams 10 8.35 2.2

D No fertilizer 3 4.333333333 2

Table 1: Results after the experimentation

In this data, it presents the tabulated results of the experimentation of

the set-ups. The tabulated results for Set-up D, which had no fertilizer

at all, states that there were 3 plants that grew with an average height

of 4.333333333 inches with an average number of leaves of 2. set-up A

states that there were 8 plants that grew and the plants had an average

length of 3.775 inches and had an average number of 2 for the number

of leaves. This shows that the fertilizer was effective since there is an

increase in the growth in the plant compared to the one without the

fertilizer. For set-up B it states that there were 10 plants that grew and

the average length of the plant was 6.66 inches with an average of 2.4

for the number of leaves. This shows that the fertilizer was effective

since there is an increase in the growth in the plant compared to the

one without the fertilizer. For set-up C it states that there were 10 plants

that grew and had the average length of 8.35 with an average number

of leaves of 2.2. This shows that the fertilizer was effective since there

is an increase in the growth in the plant compared to the one without

the fertilizer.

23
DISCUSSION

The study focuses on determining the expediency of the Orange

(Citrus x sinensis) peels, Papaya (Canica papaya) peels and Malunggay

(Moringa Oleifera) as an alternative fertilizer. Throughout the

experimentation process, the researchers with verified results from the

tabulated data presented in the table, observed that the Orange peels,

Papaya peels and Malunggay are an effective fertilizer. It showed results

of boosting the plants growth compared to the growth of the plant

without the fertilizer. The reason behind this is because the waste from

the plants are enriching the soil with nutrients, these nutrients are

supplementing the growth of the plants. The results also showed that

there is a difference in the growth of the plant in relation to the amount

placed in the soil. The results showed that the plant with more fertilizer

displays a better growth rate than the plant with lesser fertilizer. Since

the results in the study showed signs that the Orange (Citrus x sinensis)

peels, Papaya (Caneca papaya) peels and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera)

of being an effective alternative fertilizer, these prove that the

alternative hypothesis of the fertilizer to be true.

24
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The study attempted to determine the expediency of Orange (Citrus x

sinensis) peels, Papaya (Caneca papaya) peels and Malunggay (Moringa

Oleifera) as an alternative fertilizer within St. Peter’s College of Ormoc

for the school year 2018-2019:

1. To test the effectiveness of the alternative fertilizer in different

amounts.

Summary of Findings:

The 3 set-ups with different amounts of the alternative

fertilizer grew plants that showed characteristics of being much

lengthier than that of the plant without fertilizer. From the tabulated

results it showed that with the fertilizer, there are more plants that

grew that were more than in terms of length than the plant without

the fertilizer.

Conclusions:

Through the results from the experiment and the data that

were tabulated in the table, it showed that the alternative fertilizer

is an effective fertilizer in growing plants.

2. To determine the difference in the growth of the plant in relation

to the amount of fertilizer.

Summary of findings:

Through the data that was gathered, it showed that there is

an increase to the number of plants that grew and in the length of

25
the plant from the set-up with the least amount of fertilizer to the

set-up with the greatest amount of fertilizer.

Conclusions:

The researchers conclude that with the increase of the

amount of fertilizer used, there is also an increase to the growth of

the plant.

Recommendations:

Based on the gathered results of the study, the researchers

recommend the following:

 To use other plants than monggo seeds

 To compare the fertilizer to a commercial fertilizer

 To conduct other tests that would further validate the results

of the study

 To use other variable than the orange peels, papaya peels and

malunggay

26
 Appendices

Appendecies A

Set up

plants length Number of leaves

Set-up A

Set up A

plants length Number of leaves

1 1.3 2

2 2.5 2

3 3 2

4 3.5 2

5 4 2

6 5.4 2

7 5.2 2

8 5.3 2

Σx 30.2 16

Σx/n 3.775 2

Set-up B

Set up A

plants length Number of leaves

27
 1 3.5 4

2 2.9 2

3 5 2

4 6 2

5 7.5 2

6 7.9 2

7 8.1 2

8 8.3 4

9 8.5 2

10 8.9 2

Σx 66.6 24

Σx/n 6.66 2.4

Set-up C

Set up A

plants length Number of leaves

1 5 2

2 6.3 2

3 7.2 2

4 9.5 2

5 10.1 2

6 9.6 4

7 8.5 2

8 9.1 2

9 8.9 2

10 9.3 2

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 Σx 83.5 22

Σx/n 8.35 2.2

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Internet Resources:

B.W. Green; in Feed and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture; 2015;

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-

sciences/organicfertilizer?fbclid=IwAR01yA4NSMP7Efkv8h4t0bO0tTpJIi

4pUfMh8HSSWnsDHcsiZ_TG0-ewODM

Heinrich Dittmar, Manfred Drach, Ralf Vosskamp, Martin E. Trenkel,

Reinhold Gutser, Günter Steffens "Fertilizers, 2. Types" in Ullmann's

Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2009, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/14356007.n10_n01

Effect of organic fertilizers on growth and yield of coriander; January

2017; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321051277_EFFECT_

OF_ORGANIC_FERTILIZERS_ON_GROWTH_AND_YIELD_OF_CORIAND

ER

Effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca

sativa L.) used as vegetables; September 2012;

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232321766_Effects_of_orga

nic_fertilizer_on_the_growth_and_yield_of_lettuce_Lactuca_sativa_L_

used_as_vegetables

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