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    Biomolecules: Loumelyn Rose B. Bayato

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    LR B Bayato
    The document discusses the four major classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and serve as a major energy source. Proteins are made of amino acids and have both structural and functional roles in the body. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, waxes, and phospholipids and serve as an energy source.

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    Biomolecules: Loumelyn Rose B. Bayato

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    LR B Bayato
    226 views7 pages
    The document discusses the four major classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and serve as a major energy source. Proteins are made of amino acids and have both structural and functional roles in the body. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, waxes, and phospholipids and serve as an energy source.

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    BIOMOLECULES.pptx

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    The document discusses the four major classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and serve as a major energy source. Proteins are made of amino acids and have both structural and functional roles in the body. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, waxes, and phospholipids and serve as an energy source.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    226 views7 pages

    Biomolecules: Loumelyn Rose B. Bayato

    Uploaded by

    LR B Bayato
    The document discusses the four major classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and serve as a major energy source. Proteins are made of amino acids and have both structural and functional roles in the body. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, waxes, and phospholipids and serve as an energy source.

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    The key takeaways are that biomolecules are essential organic molecules involved in living organisms' maintenance and processes, and there are four major classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

    The four major classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

    The main functions of carbohydrates are that they are the most abundant dietary source of energy and are structurally important as they form major structural components in living organisms.

    BIOMOLECULES

    Loumelyn Rose B. Bayato


    Summary & Generalization:
    ◦ Biomolecules are the most essential organic molecules, which are involved in the
    maintenance and metabolic processes of living organisms.
    ◦ There are four major classes of Biomolecules –  Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic
    acids and Lipids.
    Summary & Generalization:
    Carbohydrates (C,H,O)
    ◦ chemically defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds which
    produce them on hydrolysis.
    ◦ In layman’s terms, we acknowledge carbohydrates as sugars or substances that
    taste sweet.
    ◦ They are collectively called as saccharides (Greek: sakcharon = sugar).
    ◦ Classified as monosaccharides (1 unit), oligosaccharides (2-10 units) and
    polysaccharides (more than 10 units).
    ◦ Have multiple functions and they’re the most abundant dietary source of energy.
    ◦ They are structurally very important for many living organisms as they form a major
    structural component, e.g. cellulose is an important structural fibre for plants.
    Summary & Generalization:
    Proteins (C,H,O,N)
    ◦ Proteins make up around 50% of the cellular dry weight.
    ◦ Proteins are polymers of amino acids arranged in the form of polypeptide
    chains.
    ◦ The structure of proteins is classified as primary, secondary, tertiary
    and quaternary in some cases. These structures are based on the level of
    complexity of the folding of a polypeptide chain.
    ◦ Proteins play both structural and dynamic roles.
    ◦ Example: Myosin is the protein that allows movement by contraction of
    muscles.
    Summary & Generalization:
    Nucleic Acids (C,H,O,N,P)
    ◦ Nucleic acids refer to the genetic material found in the cell that carries all the hereditary information from
    parents to progeny.
    ◦ There are two types of nucleic acids namely, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
    ◦ The main function of nucleic acid is the transfer of genetic information and synthesis of proteins by
    processes known as translation and transcription.
    ◦ The monomeric unit of nucleic acids is known as nucleotide and is composed of a nitrogenous base,
    pentose sugar, and phosphate. The nucleotides are linked by a 3’ and 5’ phosphodiester bond. The nitrogen
    base attached to the pentose sugar makes the nucleotide distinct.
    ◦ There are 4 major nitrogenous bases found in DNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
    ◦ In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil.
    ◦ The DNA structure is described as a double-helix or double-helical structure which is formed by hydrogen
    bonding between the bases of two antiparallel polynucleotide chains. Overall, the DNA structure
     looks similar to a twisted ladder.
    Summary & Generalization:
    Lipids (C,H,O)
    ◦ Lipids are organic substances that are insoluble in water, soluble in organic
    solvents, are related to fatty acids and are utilized by the living cell.
    ◦ They include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, mono-, di- or
    triglycerides, phospholipids, etc.
    ◦ Unlike carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, lipids are not polymeric
    molecules.
    ◦ Lipids play a great role in the cellular structure and are the chief source of
    energy.
    References:
    ◦ https://byjus.com
    ◦ www.Wikipedia.com

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