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    3.development of Brain Stem

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    hamza_shoaib99
    The document discusses the development of the brainstem from the 3rd week embryo. It notes that the embryonic brain grows rapidly and bends ventrally, producing flexures like the midbrain and cervical flexures. The hindbrain develops from the rhombencephalon, which consists of the myelencephalon, metencephalon, and their boundary, the pontine flexure. The rhombencephalon continues the structure of the spinal cord, with basal and alar plates. Later sections discuss the derivatives of the alar and basal plates in the myelencephalon and metencephalon, including various cranial nerves and nuclei. The metencephalon also gives rise to the developing cerebellum and

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    3.development of Brain Stem

    Uploaded by

    hamza_shoaib99
    69 views41 pages
    The document discusses the development of the brainstem from the 3rd week embryo. It notes that the embryonic brain grows rapidly and bends ventrally, producing flexures like the midbrain and cervical flexures. The hindbrain develops from the rhombencephalon, which consists of the myelencephalon, metencephalon, and their boundary, the pontine flexure. The rhombencephalon continues the structure of the spinal cord, with basal and alar plates. Later sections discuss the derivatives of the alar and basal plates in the myelencephalon and metencephalon, including various cranial nerves and nuclei. The metencephalon also gives rise to the developing cerebellum and

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    The document discusses the development of the brainstem from the 3rd week embryo. It notes that the embryonic brain grows rapidly and bends ventrally, producing flexures like the midbrain and cervical flexures. The hindbrain develops from the rhombencephalon, which consists of the myelencephalon, metencephalon, and their boundary, the pontine flexure. The rhombencephalon continues the structure of the spinal cord, with basal and alar plates. Later sections discuss the derivatives of the alar and basal plates in the myelencephalon and metencephalon, including various cranial nerves and nuclei. The metencephalon also gives rise to the developing cerebellum and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    69 views41 pages

    3.development of Brain Stem

    Uploaded by

    hamza_shoaib99
    The document discusses the development of the brainstem from the 3rd week embryo. It notes that the embryonic brain grows rapidly and bends ventrally, producing flexures like the midbrain and cervical flexures. The hindbrain develops from the rhombencephalon, which consists of the myelencephalon, metencephalon, and their boundary, the pontine flexure. The rhombencephalon continues the structure of the spinal cord, with basal and alar plates. Later sections discuss the derivatives of the alar and basal plates in the myelencephalon and metencephalon, including various cranial nerves and nuclei. The metencephalon also gives rise to the developing cerebellum and

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    Development of Brainstem

    3rd week embryo


    The embryonic brain grows
    rapidly and bends ventrally 5th week,
    with the head fold. The
    bending produces the
    midbrain flexure in the
    midbrain region.

    The cervical flexure at the


    junction of the hindbrain and
    spinal cord.

    Later, unequal growth of the


    brain between these
    flexures produces the
    pontine flexure in the
    opposite direction.
    Development of hind brain from
    rhombencephlon
    Rhombencephalon consist of

    • The myelencephalon, the most caudal of the


    brain vesicles

    • The metencephalon, which extends from the


    pontine flexure to the rhombencephalic isthmus.
    • The boundary between these two portions is
    marked by the pontine flexure
    SPINAL CORD

    Basa
    Alar
    l
    plate
    plate
    Roof Floor
    plate plate

    04/30/2020 8
    Special features of developing brain

    The rhombencephlon (brain stem) is a direct continuation of the spinal


    cord and has a similar organization.

    The basal and alar plates are found on each side of the midline.
    None of this basic pattern and, instead, show
    accentuation of the alar plates and regression of the
    basal plates.

    Spinal cord
    Medulla oblangata 04/30/2020 10
    Derivatives of Alar & Basal Plates in Myelencephalon

    Alar plate Basal Plates

    Nucleus cuneatus & General somatic


    Gracilis efferent
    Olivary nuclear complex Special visceral efferent
    General visceral
    General visceral afferent
    efferent
    Special visceral afferent

    somatic afferent
    Somatic efferent motor column
    • Hypoglossal nerve SSGVE
    Special visceral efferent
    •Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
    •Accessory (XI) nerve
    •vagus (X) nerve
    General visceral efferent
    • involuntary musculature of the respiratory tract, intestinal
    tract, heart.
    Somatic afferent
    • Glossopharyngeal nerve SSGVA
    Special visceral afferent
    • Taste buds of the tongue, palate, oropharynx, and epiglottis
    • for hearing and balance from vestibulocochlear nerve.

    General visceral afferent


    • Interoceptive information from the gastrointestinal tract and heart
    Gross Features of Medulla Oblongata

    Ventral Surface

    Dorsal Surface
    Roof Plate of the Myelencephalon

    Tela choroidea.
    Choroid plexus
    Development Of Metencephalon
    same…… basal and alar plates

    Two new components form

    • The cerebellum, a coordination center for posture and movement .


    • The pons, the pathway for nerve fibers between the spinal cord and the
    cerebral and cerebellar cortices.
    • Dorsal /Tegmental part and
    ventral/Basal part, formed by the
    expansion of marginal layer of basal
    plates.
    • Buried in this white matter are
    pontine nuclei( grey matter), develop
    from the mantle layer of alar plates.
    Derivatives of basal plates in metencephalon
    ( pons)

    Somatic efferent • Abducent nerve

    • Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve


    Special visceral • Facial nerves (musculature
    efferent
    • of the first and second pharyngeal arches)

    General visceral • Axons that supply the submandibular and sublingual


    efferent glands
    Derivatives of alar plates in metencephalon
    ( pons)

    Somatic • Trigeminal nerves


    afferent • spinal nucleus of cranial nerve V,

    Special • medial vestibular nucleus, spinal nucleus of


    afferent cranial nerve V,

    General
    visceral • Interoceptive from the GIT
    afferent
    Development of cerebellum
    Development of Metencephalon ( Cerebellum)

    Develops from thickenings of dorsal parts of the alar plates

    Rhombic lips

    Cerebellar Plates

    In a 12-week embryo, this plate shows a small midline


    portion, the vermis, and two lateral portions, the
    hemispheres.
     Dorsolateral parts of the alar plates bend medially and form the rhombic
    lips
     Rhombic lips compress cephalocaudally and form the cerebellar plate
     In a 12-week embryo, this plate shows
     A small midline portion, the vermis
     Two lateral portions, the hemispheres
    A transverse fissure soon separates the nodule from the vermis and the
    lateral flocculus from the hemispheres .This flocculonodular lobe is
    phylogenetically the most primitive part of the cerebellum.
    Histogenesis of Cerebellum

    The cerebellar plate consist of all three


    typical layer of neural tube.
    • Inner neuroepithelial layer
    • Middle mantle layer
    • Outer marginal layer
    Histogenesis of Cerebellum
    During further development, a
    number of cells formed by
    neuroepithelium migrate to the
    surface of cerebellum to form
    external granular layer.

    Cells of this layer retain their ability to


    divide and form a proliferative zone on
    the surface of the cerebellum
    Development of
    Cerebellar Neurons
    Internal
    germinal • Purkinji cells, Golgi Tpe II
    layer

    External
    granular • Basket,Stellate, Granule cells
    layer

    Mantle • Intracerebellar nuclei


    zone
    Development of Midbrain
    Mesencephalon

    The midbrain
    (mesencephalon)
    undergoes less change
    than other parts of the
    developing brain.
    Enormous thickening of
    wall lead to the narrowing
    of neural canal.
    Gross Features of Midbrain
    Alar Plates Basal Plates

    • Tectum • Tegmentum
    • Superior • Red nuclei,
    • Inferior • Nuclei of third
    colliculi and fourth
    cranial nerves
    • Reticular
    nuclei
    • Substantia
    nigra

    Alar & Basal Plate Derivatives


    somatic
    efferent • Oculomotor and trochlear nerves
    (Basal Plate)
    General
    visceral
    efferent • Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal
    (Basal Plate)

    Special
    afferents • superior& inferior colliculus
    (Alar plate)
    FIVE-VESICLE STAGE

    mesencephalon

    metencephalon

    myelencephalon

    4 weeks 6 weeks
    04/30/2020 37
    04/30/2020 38
    04/30/2020 39
    04/30/2020 40
    Thank You

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