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    GPS 1

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    SaChibvuri Jeremiah
    GPS uses a network of satellites and receivers to calculate locations on Earth. The GPS system consists of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice a day and transmit timing signals. GPS receivers detect these signals and use trilateration to calculate the user's position by computing distances to four or more satellites. Factors like signal interference, atmospheric conditions, and satellite geometry can affect accuracy, which is improved through techniques like differential correction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    GPS 1

    Uploaded by

    SaChibvuri Jeremiah
    51 views24 pages
    GPS uses a network of satellites and receivers to calculate locations on Earth. The GPS system consists of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice a day and transmit timing signals. GPS receivers detect these signals and use trilateration to calculate the user's position by computing distances to four or more satellites. Factors like signal interference, atmospheric conditions, and satellite geometry can affect accuracy, which is improved through techniques like differential correction.

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    GPS uses a network of satellites and receivers to calculate locations on Earth. The GPS system consists of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice a day and transmit timing signals. GPS receivers detect these signals and use trilateration to calculate the user's position by computing distances to four or more satellites. Factors like signal interference, atmospheric conditions, and satellite geometry can affect accuracy, which is improved through techniques like differential correction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    51 views24 pages

    GPS 1

    Uploaded by

    SaChibvuri Jeremiah
    GPS uses a network of satellites and receivers to calculate locations on Earth. The GPS system consists of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice a day and transmit timing signals. GPS receivers detect these signals and use trilateration to calculate the user's position by computing distances to four or more satellites. Factors like signal interference, atmospheric conditions, and satellite geometry can affect accuracy, which is improved through techniques like differential correction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    What

    What is
    is GPS?
    GPS?

    GPS, which stands for Global Positioning


    System, is the only system today able to
    show you your exact position on the Earth
    anytime, in any weather, anywhere.

    The three parts of GPS are:


    •Satellites
    •Receivers
    •Software
    Satellites
    Satellites

    There are quite a


    number of satellites out
    there in space. They
    are used for a wide
    range of purposes:
    satellite TV, cellular
    phones, military
    purposes and etc.
    Satellites can also be
    used by GPS receivers.
    GPS
    GPS Satellites
    Satellites

     
    The GPS Operational
    Constellation
    consists of 24
    satellites that orbit
    the Earth in very
    precise orbits twice a
    day. GPS satellites
                                                                                                         

    emit continuous
    navigation signals.                           
    Receivers
    Receivers and
    and Satellites
    Satellites

    GPS units are made


    to communicate with
    GPS satellites
    (which have a much
    better view of the
    Earth) to find out
    exactly where they
    are on the global
    scale of things.
    GPS
    GPS Signals
    Signals
    Each GPS satellite
    transmits data that
    indicates its location
    and the current time.
    All GPS satellites
    synchronize operations
    so that these repeating Physically the signal is
    signals are transmitted just a complicated
    at the same instant. digital code, or in other
    words, a complicated
    sequence of “on” and
    “off” pulses.
    Time
    Time Difference
    Difference

    The GPS receiver


    compares the time a
    signal was transmitted
    by a satellite with the
    time it was received.
    The time difference
    tells the GPS receiver
    how far away the
    satellite is.
    Calculating
    Calculating Distance
    Distance

    Velocity x Time = Distance


    Radio waves travel at the speed of light, roughly 186,000
    miles per second (mps)

    If it took 0.06 seconds to receive a signal


    transmitted by a satellite floating directly
    overhead, use this formula to find your distance
    from the satellite.

    186,000 mps x 0.06 seconds = 11,160 miles


    Triangulation
    Triangulation
    Geometric Principle:
    You can find one
    location if you know its
    distance from other,
    already-known locations.
    Triangulation
    Triangulation
    Triangulation
    Triangulation
    3-D
    3-D Trilateration
    Trilateration
    1 Satellite 2 Satellites

    3 Satellites
    Atomic
    Atomic Clocks
    Clocks
    GPS satellites use Atomic Clocks
    for accuracy, but because of the
    expense, most GPS receivers do
    not.
    Line
    Line of
    of Sight
    Sight Transmissions
    Transmissions
    Line of sight is the
    ability to draw a
    straight line between
    two objects without any
    other objects getting in
    the way. GPS
    transmission are line-
    of-sight transmissions.
    Obstructions such as trees, buildings, or natural
    formations may prevent clear line of sight.
    Light
    Light Refraction
    Refraction
    Sometimes the GPS
    signal from the
    satellite doesn’t
    follow a straight line.

    Refraction is the
    bending of light as it
    travels through one
    media to another.
    Signal
    Signal Refraction
    Refraction
    Signals from satellites can be like light.
    When they hit some interference (air
    patterns in the atmosphere, uneven
    geography, etc.) they sometimes bend a
    little.
    Signal
    Signal Interference
    Interference

    Sometimes the
    signals bounce off
    things before they
    hit the receivers.
    Satellite
    Satellite Distribution
    Distribution
    When the satellites are all in the same part
    of the sky, readings will be less accurate.
    PDOP
    PDOP
    PDOP = Positional Dilution of Precision

    All of this
    combines to make
    the signal less
    11,000 miles

    11,000 miles
    11,000 miles

    accurate, and
    gives it what we 11,000 miles

    call a high
    “PDOP.”
    •A PDOP of <4 is excellent
    •A PDOP of 4-8 is good
    •A PDOP of >8 is poor
    Differential
    Differential Correction
    Correction
    Differential correction is a
    technique that greatly
    increases the accuracy of
    the collected GPS data. It
    involves using a receiver
    at a known location - the
    "base station“- and
    comparing that data with
    GPS positions collected
    from unknown locations
    with "roving receivers."

    ISU Base Station - http://134.50.65.125/


    Postprocessing
    Postprocessing // Real-time
    Real-time
    Before

    After
    In
    In aa Nutshell
    Nutshell
    Latitude
    Latitude and
    and Longitude
    Longitude

    Latitude and Longitude


    are spherical coordinates
    on the surface of the
    earth. Latitude is
    measured North or South
    of the Equator. Longitude
    is measured East or West
    of Greenwich. GPS uses
    Latitudes and Longitudes
    to reference locations.
    Waypoints
    Waypoints
    Waypoints are locations or landmarks that can
    be stored in your GPS. Waypoints may be
    defined and stored in the unit manually by
    inputting latitude and longitude from a map or
    other reference.
    Or more usually,
    waypoints may be Direction
    entered directly by taking of
    waypoint
    Your
    a reading with the unit at Waypoint location

    the location itself, giving Date


    and
    Latitude and
    Longitude
    Tim
    it a name, and then e

    saving the point.


    Data
    Data Dictionary
    Dictionary
    GPS units collect data in:
    – Points
    – Lines
    – Areas
    These are called features.
    A data dictionary is a
    means by which we
    collect specific
    information about a data
    feature.

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