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    Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Reactions-1

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    Muhammad Saim
    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. It defines homogeneous reactions as those where all substances exist in a single phase, and heterogeneous reactions as those where the substances involved are in different phases. Examples of each type of reaction are provided. Key characteristics of homogeneous reactions are that all species are in the same phase and there is no separation boundary between them. Key characteristics of heterogeneous reactions are that the species are in different phases and there is a clear separation boundary between them. The document also discusses diffusion-controlled reactions and how diffusion and reaction steps occur in series or parallel for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

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    Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Reactions-1

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Saim
    62 views17 pages
    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. It defines homogeneous reactions as those where all substances exist in a single phase, and heterogeneous reactions as those where the substances involved are in different phases. Examples of each type of reaction are provided. Key characteristics of homogeneous reactions are that all species are in the same phase and there is no separation boundary between them. Key characteristics of heterogeneous reactions are that the species are in different phases and there is a clear separation boundary between them. The document also discusses diffusion-controlled reactions and how diffusion and reaction steps occur in series or parallel for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

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    Homogeneous_&_Heterogeneous_Reactions-1

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    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. It defines homogeneous reactions as those where all substances exist in a single phase, and heterogeneous reactions as those where the substances involved are in different phases. Examples of each type of reaction are provided. Key characteristics of homogeneous reactions are that all species are in the same phase and there is no separation boundary between them. Key characteristics of heterogeneous reactions are that the species are in different phases and there is a clear separation boundary between them. The document also discusses diffusion-controlled reactions and how diffusion and reaction steps occur in series or parallel for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    62 views17 pages

    Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Reactions-1

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Saim
    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. It defines homogeneous reactions as those where all substances exist in a single phase, and heterogeneous reactions as those where the substances involved are in different phases. Examples of each type of reaction are provided. Key characteristics of homogeneous reactions are that all species are in the same phase and there is no separation boundary between them. Key characteristics of heterogeneous reactions are that the species are in different phases and there is a clear separation boundary between them. The document also discusses diffusion-controlled reactions and how diffusion and reaction steps occur in series or parallel for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Homogeneous &

    Heterogeneous Reactions
    Group Members

    • Unzila Siddique ( CH-21)


    • Imtiaz Alam ( CH-23)
    • Muhammad Shakeel Anwer ( CH-25)
    • Irfan Hussain ( CH-71)
    • Abdulsalam Alnagaar ( CH-75)
    • Faizan Nasir (CH-15 )
    What is a chemical
    reaction ?
     Chemical reaction, a
    process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are
    converted to one or more different substances, the products. Substances are
    either chemical elements or compounds.
     A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to
    create different substances as products
    Reactions and mass transfer
    • Reactions and mass transfer Chemical reactions are always
    coupled with mass transfer since the reactants have to
    travel to the location where the conversion takes place .
    • Comparing the speed of mass transfer with that of reaction
    allows to determine the rate-limiting step and if reactions
    have to be accounted for:

    reaction rate >> mass transfer rate → neglect reactions


    reaction rate ≈ mass transfer rate → include reactions
    reaction rate << mass transfer rate → neglect mass transfer

     When reaction rate and mass transfer are comparable, we


    need to incorporate reaction into the mass transfer
    models!
    Types of reaction on the basis of

    reactants phase.

     Homogeneous Reactions
     Heterogeneous Reactions
    Homogeneous Reactions
     A reaction in which all substances involve exist in a single homogeneous
    phase is called Homogeneous reaction.
     take place THROUGHOUT the volume in the same phase (fuel combustion
    in engine). Diffusion and reaction occur by steps partially in PARALLEL.

    Examples
    N₂₍g₎ + 3H₂₍g₎ → NH₃₍g₎
    H₂₍g₎ + I₂₍g₎ → 2HI₍g₎
    2SO₍g₎+ O₂₍₎ → 2SO₃₍g₎
    Characteristics of homogeneous reactions.

    1) All the species involved


    (reactants and products) are
    in same phase.
    2) Thus the whole mixture has
    only a single phase.
    3) There is no separation
    boundary between the
    species involved.
    Heterogeneous Reactions
     A reaction in which the substances involved are in different phase
    are called Heterogeneous reactions.
     take place AT an interface (e.g. solid catalyst surface, coal
    combustion) and diffusion and reaction occur by steps IN SERIES.

    Examples
      4Fe₍ꜱ₎ + 3O₂₍g₎ → 2Fe₂O₍ꜱ₎
    C₍ꜱ₎ + O₂₍g₎ → CO₂₍g₎
    Example:
    Characteristics of
    heterogeneous reactions.

    1) All the species involved (reactants


    and products) are not in same phase.
    2) Thus the mixture contains two or
    more than two phases.
    3) There is a clear separation boundary
    between the species involved.
    1)Diffusion-controlled reaction;

    Every diffusion-controlled process involves multiple


    steps. E.g. in dehydrogenation of C2H6 on Pt crystals

    (1) C2H6 diffuses to Pt surface


    (2) C2H6 reacts on the surface
    (3) Product diffuses away from the surface

    When step 1 takes much longer than


    step 2 then we have a diffusion-
    controlled reaction
    In (a) we have a diffusion-
    controlled heterogeneous
    reaction where the reactant
    diffuses to a (e.g. hot or
    catalytic) surface, reacts
    and the product diffuses
    away.
    2)Diffusion and 1st order heterogeneous
    reactions (dilute solutions)
    To find the overall reaction we must eliminate the surface (or interfacial) concentrations that
    are hard to measure.
    THANK YOU

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