Gender and Sexuality

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Identify the gender of the personality shown in
the slides.
Man
Woman
Transgender /Transexual
Bisexual
Lesbian
Gay
GENDER AND
SEXUALITY
Dimensions of Gender
• People tend to use the terms “sex” and
“gender” interchangeably. But, while
connected, the two terms are not equivalent.
Generally, we assign a newborn’s sex as either
male or female. Once a sex is assigned, we
presume the child’s gender. For some people,
this is cause for little, if any, concern or further
thought because their gender aligns with
gender-related ideas and assumptions
associated with their sex.
A person’s gender is the complex
interrelationship between three
dimensions:
Three Dimensions:
• Body: our body, our experience of our own body, how society
genders bodies, and how others interact with us based on our body.
• Identity: the name we use to convey our gender based on our
deeply held, internal sense of self. Identities typically fall into binary
(e.g. man, woman), Non-binary (e.g. Genderqueer, genderfluid) and
ungendered (e.g. Agender, genderless) categories; the meaning
associated with a particular identity can vary among individuals
using the same term. A person’s Gender identitycan correspond to
or differ from the sex they were assigned at birth.
• Social: how we present our gender in the world and how
individuals, society, culture, and community perceive, interact with,
and try to shape our gender. Social gender includes gender roles
and expectations and how society uses those to try to enforce
conformity to current gender norms.
Body
• Most societies view sex as a binary concept, with two rigidly
fixed options: male or female, based on a person’s
reproductive anatomy and functions. But a binary view of
sex fails to capture even the biological aspect of gender.
While we are often taught that bodies have one of two
forms of genitalia, which are classified as “female” or
“male,” there are Intersex traits that demonstrate that sex
exists across a continuum of possibilities.
Identity
• Gender identity is our internal experience and naming of our
gender. It can correspond to or differ from the sex we were
assigned at birth.
• “By age four, most children have a stable sense of their
gender identity.” This core aspect of one’s identity comes
from within each of us. Gender identity is an inherent aspect
of a person’s make-up. Individuals do not choose their
gender, nor can they be made to change it.
Social
• Social gender is the third dimension. This includes Gender expression, which is the
way we communicate our gender to others through such things as clothing,
hairstyles, and mannerisms. It also includes how individuals, communities and
society perceive, interact with, and try to shape our gender. Social gender includes
gender roles and expectations and how society uses those to try to enforce
conformity to current gender norms.
• Practically everything is assigned a gender—toys, colors and clothes are some of
the more obvious examples. We begin to teach children about gender from the
moment they are born; given the prevalence of the gender binary, children face
great pressure to express their gender within narrow, stereotypical definitions of
“boy” or “girl.” Expectations regarding gender are communicated through every
aspect of our lives, including family, culture, peers, schools, community, media, and
religion. Gender roles and expectations are so entrenched in our culture that it’s
difficult to imagine things any other way.
• Because expectations around gender are so rigid, we
frequently assume that what someone wears, or how they
move, talk, or express themselves, tells us something about
their gender identity. But expression is distinct from
identity–we can’t assume a person’s gender identity based
on their gender expression. For example, a boy may like to
wear skirts or dresses. His choice in clothing doesn’t define
his gender identity; it simply means that he prefers (at least
some of the time) to wear clothes that society has typically
associated with girls.
Congruence
Gender congruence is the feeling of harmony in our
gender:
• experiencing comfort in our body as it relates to our
gender;
• naming of our gender that adequately corresponds
with our internal sense of who we are;
• expressing ourselves through clothing, mannerisms,
interests and activities;
• being seen consistently by others as we see
ourselves.
• “Transitioning”is a term commonly used to refer to the
steps a transgender, agender, or non-binary person takes in
order to find congruence in their gender. But this term can
be misleading as it implies that the person’s gender identity
is changing and that there is a moment in time when this
takes place. More typically, it is others’ understanding of
the person’s gender that shifts. What people see as a
Transistion.
• Instead of “transitioning,” a more apt phrase is
“pursuing congruence measures.” A person can
seek harmony in many ways:
• Social congruence measures: changes of social identifiers such as
clothing, hairstyle, gender identity, name and/or pronouns;
• Hormonal congruence measures: the use of medical approaches

such as hormone “blockers” or hormone therapy to promote
physical, mental, and/or emotional alignment;
• Surgical congruence measures: the addition, removal, or
modification of gender-related physical traits; and
• Legal congruence measures: changing identification documents such

as one’s birth certificate, driver’s license, or passport.
Gender Roles
• are the patterns of behaviors, attitudes, and
expectations associated with a particular sex—
with being either male or female.
• Although there are many exceptions, boys and
girls do differ on average in ways that parallel
conventional gender stereotypes and that affect
how the sexes behave at school and in class.
The differences have to do with physical
behaviors, styles of social interaction, academic
motivations, behaviors, and choices. They have
a variety of sources—primarily parents, peers,
and the media. Teachers are certainly not the
primary cause of gender role differences, but
sometimes teachers influence them by their
• The issue of gender identification and sport is a
hot topic of discussion these days. Transgender,
transitioned and intersex people are
increasingly visible, and in many sectors of
society are assertively pursuing their right to be
treated equitably and to be included in the
facilities, programs and services that modern
society offers to its members.
• Sport is no stranger to these pressures.
Organized sport has long sustained a model of
gender polarity, and sport activity has always
Understanding gender and
sexuality
Although the terms are often used interchangeably,
gender is not the same as sex.
• Gender consists of two components –
• our internal sense of gender (our gender identity),
• and how we express our gender or present ourselves to the
world (our gender expression/presentation).
• Sexuality or sexual orientation is about who we’re sexually
and romantically attracted to – whether that’s people of the
opposite gender identity as us (heterosexual), the same (gay
or lesbian) or to people of more than one gender identity
(bisexual), or no sexual attraction at all, asexuality.
• There are many different ways that people describe
themselves. People who identify agender queer’,
‘gender neutral’, ‘gender fluid’ or ‘gender
diverses having no specific gender may use terms
such as ‘’ to indicate they feel they don’t fit into
traditional gender categories of male or female.
• Gender diverse people may be gay, lesbian,

bisexual or heterosexual, may choose to identify as
queer or describe their sexual identity in other
terms.
SEXUALITY
Romantic Orientation- Who you are romantically

attracted to meaning wanting to be in a romantic
relationship with and is unrelated to sexual attraction.
Sexual Orientation- Who you are sexually attracted
to meaning who you get turned on by or who you
would want to engage in sexual behaviors with.
Different Kind Of Gender
• Androgyny - androgyny is the combination of
masculine and feminine characteristics into an
ambiguous form. Androgyny may be expressed with
regard to biological sex, gender identity, gender
expression, or sexual identity
• Ex. Boy George, David Bowie
• Intersex - people are individuals born with any of
several variations in sex characteristics including
chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that,
"do not fit the typical definitions for male or female
bodies"
• Ex. Hanne Gaby Odiele. The Vogue supermodel revealed
she was intersex last year, disclosing that she was
born with internal testes that were surgically removed
when she was 10. ...
• Bigender, - bi-gender or dual gender is a gender
identity that includes any two gender identities and
behaviors. Some bigender individuals express two
distinct personas, which may be feminine, masculine,
agender, androgyne, or other gender identities; others
find that they identify as two genders simultaneously
• Transfeminine individuals were assigned male at
birth but align more closely with the female side
of the gender spectrum. A transfeminine
individual may identify with many aspects of
femininity but not describe themselves as "a
woman"
• Ex. BB Gandang hari
Homosexual- The attraction to a gender the
same as their own (commonly used to describe
someone who is gender binary [female or male]
attracted to the same binary gender).
Sometimes referred to as gay.
Ex. Vice Ganda

Lesbian- Women who are attracted
only to other women
Ex. Ellen Degeneres , Ice Seguerra,

Jake Zyrus
Bicurious- People who are open to
experiment with genders that are not only
their own, but do not know if they are open
to forming any sort of relationship with
multiple genders.
Questioning- People who are
debating their own
sexuality/gender
Transgender / Transsexual - When you
identify with a gender different than that you
were assigned at birth.
Ex. Kevin Balot , Gretchen Diez,

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• Hormonal congruence measures: the use of medical approaches

• Legal congruence measures: changing identification documents such

• Gender diverse people may be gay, lesbian,

Romantic Orientation- Who you are romantically

Ex. Vice Ganda

Ex. Ellen Degeneres , Ice Seguerra,

Ex. Kevin Balot , Gretchen Diez,

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