MILITARY STANDARD 105E

(SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR INSPECTION BY

ATTRIBUTES)
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OUTLINE
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 Introduction
 Terminologies
 Inspection levels
 Types of Inspection
 Switching Rules
 Implementation
 Master Tables
 Operation Characteristic (O.C.) Curves
INTRODUCTION
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 Acceptance sampling system for inspection by attributes.

 Developed during World War II.

 Collection of sampling schemes.

 Indexed in terms of the Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL).

 These rules provide: -

 Protection to the consumer.
 Reduce inspection costs.
TERMINOLOGIES
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 Acceptable Quality Level (AQL).

When a continuous series of lots is considered, the AQL is
the quality level which, for the purposes of sampling
inspection, is the limit of a satisfactory process average.

 Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ).

Average quality of outgoing product including (all
accepted plus rejected lots) after the rejected lots or
batches have been effectively 100 percent inspected and
all defectives replaced by non-defectives.

 Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL).

Maximum AOQ for a given acceptance sampling plan.
TERMINOLOGIES(Contd… )
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 Process Average.
Average percent defective or average number of defects
per hundred units (whichever is applicable) of product
submitted by the supplier for original inspection.

 Defect.
Any nonconformance of the unit of product with specified
requirements.

 Defective.
Unit of product which contains one or rare defects.
TERMINOLOGIES(Contd… )
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 Defects per Hundred Units.

 Percent Defective.
TERMINOLOGIES(Contd… )
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 Inspection.
Process of measuring, examining, testing, or otherwise
comparing the unit of product with the requirements.

 Inspection by Attributes.
Unit of product is classified simply as defective or non-
defective, or
The number of defects in the unit of product is counted,
with respect to a given requirement or set or
requirements.

 Lot or Batch Size.

Number of units of product in a lot or batch.
TERMINOLOGIES(Contd… )
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 Sample.
Set of one or more items taken from a lot and intended to
provide information on the lot

 Sample Size Code Letter.

Device used along with the AQL for locating a sampling
plan on a table of sling plans.

 Sampling Plan.
Indicates the number of units of product from each lot or
batch which are to be inspected (sample size or series of
sample sizes) and the criteria for determining the
acceptability of the lot or batch (acceptance and rejection
numbers).
INSPECTION LEVELS
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 The sample size used in MIL STD 105E is determined by

 Lot size
 Choice of inspection level.

 Three General levels

 Level I (less discrimination is needed)
 Level II (normal)
 Level III (more discrimination is needed.)

 Four Special Inspection levels (S-1,S-2,S-3,S-4)

 For small sample sizes
 Large sampling risks can or must be tolerated.
Sample Size Code Letters (MIL STD 105E, Table 1)
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General Inspection
Special Inspection Levels Levels
Lot or Batch Size S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 I II III
2 to 8 A A A A A A B
9 to 15 A A A A A B C
16 to 25 A A B B B C D
26 to 50 A B B C C D E
51 to 90 B B C C C E F
91 to 150 B B C D D F G
151 to 280 B C D E E G H
281 to 500 B C D E F H J
501 to 1200 C C E F G J K
1201 to 3200 C D E G H K L
3201 to 10000 C D F G J L M
10001 to 35000 C D F H K M N
35001 to 150000 D E G J L N P
150001 to 500000 D E G J M P Q
500001 and over D E H K N Q R
TYPES OF INSPECTION
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 Schemes of Sampling
 Single Sampling
 Double Sampling
 Multiple Sampling

 Types of Inspection
For each scheme of sampling plan, a provision is made for either
 Normal Inspection
 Tightened Inspection
 Reduced Inspection.
TYPES OF INSPECTION
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 Normal inspection
 It is used at the start of the inspection activity.

 Tightened inspection
 Vendor’s recent quality history has deteriorated.
 Stringent Acceptance requirements for lots.

 Reduced inspection
 Vendor’s recent quality history has been exceptionally good.
 The sample size used is less than that under normal inspection.
O. C. CURVES (Types of Inspection)
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Reduced

Normal

Tightened
SWITCHING RULES(for Normal, Tightened
And Reduced Inspection)
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Start
“and” conditions

• production steady
• 10 consecutive lots 2 out of 5
accepted consecutive lots
rejected
• Approved by responsible
authority
Reduced Normal Tightened

“or” conditions
• Lot rejected 5 consecutive lots
• Irregular production accepted

• A lot meets neither the 10 consecutive lots

accept nor the reject remain on tightened
criteria inspection
• Other conditions warrant
return to normal Discontinue
inspection inspection
IMPLEMENTATION OF MIL-STD-105E
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 Specify
 AQL
 Inspection Level
 Lot Size

 Find the sample size from the appropriate table.

 Determine the type of sampling plan.

 Identify the sampling plan on an appropriate table.

 For initial Inspection, start with normal inspection and change to

the tightened or reduced inspection based on switching rules.
MLT-STD-105e Master Table(Single sampling
plan)
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MLT-STD-105e Master Table(Single sampling
plan)
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MLT-STD-105e Master Table(Single sampling
plan)
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MLT-STD-105e Master Table(Double sampling
plan)
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MLT-STD-105e Master Table(Double sampling
plan)
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MLT-STD-105e Master Table(Double sampling
plan)
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MLT-STD-105e Master Table(Multiple sampling
plan)
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EXAMPLE
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 Suppose product comes from vendor in lots of size 2000

units. The acceptable quality level is 0.65%. Determine
the MIL STD 105E acceptance-sampling system.
EXAMPLE(Contd…)
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EXAMPLE(Contd…)
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Sample 125 units.

Ac = 2, accept if defects ≤ 2.
Re = 3, reject entire lot if defects ≥ 3.
EXAMPLE(Contd…)
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Sample 125 units

Ac = 1, accept if defects ≤ 1.
Re = 2, reject entire lot if defects ≥ 2.
EXAMPLE(Contd…)
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Sample 50 units
Ac = 1, accept if defects ≤ 1.
Re = 3, reject entire lot if defects ≥ 3.
Operating characteristic (OC) curves
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 Indicate the percentage of lots which may be expected

to be accepted under the various sampling plans for a given
process quality.

 The OC curves
 AQLs>10 : Inspection for only number of
nonconformities
 AQLs =<10 : Inspection for nonconforming items or
number of nonconformities.
Operating characteristic (OC) curves
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Operating characteristic (OC) curves
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AVERAGE OUTGOING QUALITY (Limit Factors)
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AVERAGE OUTGOING QUALITY (Limit Factors)
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LIMITING QUALITY PROTECTION.
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 Lot or batch is of an isolated nature.

 Sampling plans for this purpose can be selected by choosing a limiting

quality (LQ) and a consumer's risk to be associated with it.

 Table shown give values of LQ for the commonly used consumer's

risks of 10 percent and 5 percent respectively.

 Useful in specifying the AQL and inspection levels for a series of lots
or batches

 Fix minimum sample size where there is some reason for avoiding
(with more than a given consumer's risk) more than a limiting
proportion of defectives (or defects) in any single lot or batch.
LIMITING QUALITY
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