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    FUNGI

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    Falen Ariyandi
    Fungi are eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic organisms that are mostly multicellular molds or yeasts. They have filamentous hyphae with cell walls containing chitin. Fungi reproduce both sexually, through the fusion of hyphae of different mating types, and asexually through spores. Fungi play important roles in decomposition, industries like medicine and food production, and as pathogens of plants and humans.

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    FUNGI

    Uploaded by

    Falen Ariyandi
    54 views13 pages
    Fungi are eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic organisms that are mostly multicellular molds or yeasts. They have filamentous hyphae with cell walls containing chitin. Fungi reproduce both sexually, through the fusion of hyphae of different mating types, and asexually through spores. Fungi play important roles in decomposition, industries like medicine and food production, and as pathogens of plants and humans.

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    Fungi are eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic organisms that are mostly multicellular molds or yeasts. They have filamentous hyphae with cell walls containing chitin. Fungi reproduce both sexually, through the fusion of hyphae of different mating types, and asexually through spores. Fungi play important roles in decomposition, industries like medicine and food production, and as pathogens of plants and humans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    54 views13 pages

    FUNGI

    Uploaded by

    Falen Ariyandi
    Fungi are eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic organisms that are mostly multicellular molds or yeasts. They have filamentous hyphae with cell walls containing chitin. Fungi reproduce both sexually, through the fusion of hyphae of different mating types, and asexually through spores. Fungi play important roles in decomposition, industries like medicine and food production, and as pathogens of plants and humans.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    FUNGI

    An Overview
    Characteristics of Fungi
    ► Eukaryotic
    ► Nonphotosynthetic ( heterotrophic)
    ► Most are multicellular
    ► Most are microscopic molds or yeasts

    The study fungi is known as MYCOLOGY.


    Structure of Fungi
    ► Filaments of fungi are Septated
    called hyphae.
    ► The cell walls contain
    chitin.
    ► The MYCELIUM is a
    mat of hyphae visible
    to the unaided eye ( Unseptated - coenocytic

    bread mold)
    ► Some hyphae may
    divided by cross
    sections called septa
    Reproduction
    ► Most fungi reproduce both sexually and
    asexually.
    ► Asexual reproduction – production of
    various types of spores
     Sporangiophores- upright stalk with an enclosed
    sac ( bread mold)
     Conidia - upright stalk with no enclosed sac
    (penicillin)
     Fragmentation – hyphae dry out and shatter
    releasing individual cells that act like spores
    (athlete’s foot)
     Budding – small offspring
    ► Sexual reproduction
     “plus and minus” mating types
     Hyphae of different mating types fuse and give
    rise to a specialized structure that produces
    spores ( diploid)
     Most fungi are haploid throughout most of their
    life cycle
    ► When environmental conditions are
    favorable, asexual reproduction occurs
    rapidly. When unfavorable conditions stress
    the organism, sexual reproduction occurs
    and the offspring have an increased
    likehood that they will be better suited for
    the environment.
    Fungi decompose dead plant and
    animal matter.
    ► Called saprophytes, they act as recyclers of dead
    organic matter, obtaining food from this material.
    ► Hyphal tips release enzymes that eventually
    decompose and release organic materials into the
    surrounding environment.
    ► Saprophytic fungi appear on dead trees, logs,
    plant litter such as leaves, and even dead insects
    and animals. Examples: "Gem-studded Puffball"
    (Lycoperdon perlatum) and "Turkey Tail"(Trametes
    versicolor).
    Fungi and Humans
    ► Many people have allergies triggered by
    mold.
    ► Fungal skin infections – skin, nails and hair
     Ringworm, athlete’s foot
    ► Internal organs - Histoplasmosis
    Fungi in Industry
    ► Fungi produce many products used in the
    medical field such as penicillin,
    cephalosporin antibotics, cortisone
    ► Fungi are used in genetic engineering –
    vaccine for hepatitis B was developed using
    the yeast plasmid as the vector.
    ► Yeast is used to make ethanol.
    ► Yeast are known for making breads rise.
    Fungi in the Food Industry
    Mushrooms,
    morels and
    truffles are
    widely consumed
    by humans.
    Fungi are Plant Pathogens
    ► Many fungi attack
    grain or fruit.
    Fungi form beneficial partnerships
    (symbiosis) with other organisms
    such as trees and flowering plants:

    Algae

    hyphae

    Lichen – symbiotic
    relationship between algae
    and fungi
    Lab

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