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    Gene Splicing Fin

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    Noellah Jeannica Macam
    Genetic engineering involves altering the genetic material of organisms. It includes identifying genes, using restriction enzymes to cut DNA, and gene splicing to combine DNA from different organisms. Genetically engineered organisms can be used to produce important proteins like insulin. Scientists can also genetically modify foods to increase pest resistance or vitamin content. While genetic engineering offers advantages like improved traits, it also faces disadvantages such as high costs, unknown long term effects, and potential environmental impacts.

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    Gene Splicing Fin

    Uploaded by

    Noellah Jeannica Macam
    165 views18 pages
    Genetic engineering involves altering the genetic material of organisms. It includes identifying genes, using restriction enzymes to cut DNA, and gene splicing to combine DNA from different organisms. Genetically engineered organisms can be used to produce important proteins like insulin. Scientists can also genetically modify foods to increase pest resistance or vitamin content. While genetic engineering offers advantages like improved traits, it also faces disadvantages such as high costs, unknown long term effects, and potential environmental impacts.

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    Genetic engineering involves altering the genetic material of organisms. It includes identifying genes, using restriction enzymes to cut DNA, and gene splicing to combine DNA from different organisms. Genetically engineered organisms can be used to produce important proteins like insulin. Scientists can also genetically modify foods to increase pest resistance or vitamin content. While genetic engineering offers advantages like improved traits, it also faces disadvantages such as high costs, unknown long term effects, and potential environmental impacts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    165 views18 pages

    Gene Splicing Fin

    Uploaded by

    Noellah Jeannica Macam
    Genetic engineering involves altering the genetic material of organisms. It includes identifying genes, using restriction enzymes to cut DNA, and gene splicing to combine DNA from different organisms. Genetically engineered organisms can be used to produce important proteins like insulin. Scientists can also genetically modify foods to increase pest resistance or vitamin content. While genetic engineering offers advantages like improved traits, it also faces disadvantages such as high costs, unknown long term effects, and potential environmental impacts.

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    Gene Splicing

    Genetic Engineering
    What are some applications
    of Genetic Engineering
    GENETIC ENGINEERING
    A process that is used to alter the
    genetic instructions in organisms.

    SEQUENCING
    Scientists can target and identify a gene.

    RESTRICTION ENZYMES
    Cut the desired gene with enzymes.

    GENE SPLICING
    The gene is combined with the DNA of
    another organism and inserted to the
    cell of another organism
    WHAT IS THE
    R E S U LT
    OF
    GENETIC
    ENGINEERING?

    A genetically
    engineered organism.
    Applications of
    Genetic
    Engineering
    Protein
    01 production

    Chromosome
    Scientists can genetically
    and Plasmid
    02
    alter the DNA of bacteria
    to produce proteins.
    How many pieces of
    bacterial DNA can you
    see?
    Bacterial Chromosome vs. Human Chromosome
    BACTERIAL HUMAN
    CHROMOSOME CHROMOSOME

    XY
    Gene Splicing
    and Recombinant DNA
    Bacteria also have PLASMIDS!
    Scientists can alter the genetic instructions found in
    plasmids.

    PLASMIDS
    - Small, circular DNA
    molecules that are found in
    some bacteria
    What is
    Gene Splicing?
    Definition
    01 Process in which fragments of
    DNA from one or more different
    microorganism are combined to
    form rDNA
    rDNA
    02 Recombinant DNA: The
    combined DNA
    Process
    03 RDNA is made to function in a
    within the cell of a host
    organism
    Two highly significant techniques:
    Gene Transfer

    Transferring the gene from one source to


    another subject

    Gene Therapy

    Correcting defective gene that are responsible for


    disease development
    Important terms:
    enzyme that
    removes one
    an organism/ nitrogen base
    chemical that is used unit at a time
    to transport a gene to Exonucleases
    the host cell.
    Plasmid Host Cell Ligases

    Vector Endonucleases
    the cell into enzymes that cut
    A circular form of enzyme that
    where the new DNA molecule at join two DNA
    DNA often used as some given location
    a vector in genetic gene is segments
    engineering. transplanted together
    1
    TEXT
    Paul Berg
    American biochemist (1926-),

    • Referred to as the “father of


    genetic engineering”.

    • He developed a method for


    joining the DNA from two
    different organisms, a
    monkey virus known as SV40
    and a virus called lambda
    phage.
    INSULIN
    - responsible for allowing
    glucose in the blood to
    enter cells

    Produced by “Genetech”
    Obtains a copy of insulin gene (can be from
    natural source or manufactured)
    • Inserting the insulin gene into the vector
    (using the gene splicing process)

    • The hybrid plasmid can now be inserted


    to the host cell. (this is the manufactured
    insulin that is injected to diabetic
    patients)
    Step 1: DNA is removed from a human
    cell and insulin genes cut with
    Restriction Enzymes.
    Step 2: Plasmid is removed from a bacterial
    cell and is cut with Restriction Enzymes.
    Step 3: Insulin Gene and Bacterial
    Plasmid are spliced together to form
    Recombinant DNA.
    Step 5: Bacteria undergo asexual
    reproduction and are capable of producing
    the protein insulin
    SCIENTISTS
    GENETICALLY
    A L T E R
    F O O D S :

    • Genetically modified foods


    can be engineered to
    produce natural
    pesticides.
    • Genetically modified foods
    can be engineered to
    increase their content of
    vitamins.
    Advantages
    • Will get improved organisms
    • Can create organisms with traits not previously
    thought possible
    • Can remove “bad” genes
    • Reduces the chance of getting “undesirable”
    organisms

    Effects of Gene
    Splicing

    Disadvantages
    • Costly
    • Must be performed in a lab with special equipment
    • Ethical issues
    • Long term negative effects
    • Negative environmental impacts
    • Superweeds
    • Unknowns

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