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    Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions

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    Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. It has two phases: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use photons from sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH through the photosystems. The light-independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle, use the ATP and NADPH to incorporate carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates like glucose. The process ultimately converts carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds to fuel cellular processes in plants.

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    Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions

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    api-314050558
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    Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. It has two phases: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use photons from sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH through the photosystems. The light-independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle, use the ATP and NADPH to incorporate carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates like glucose. The process ultimately converts carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds to fuel cellular processes in plants.

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    photosynthesis

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    Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. It has two phases: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use photons from sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH through the photosystems. The light-independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle, use the ATP and NADPH to incorporate carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates like glucose. The process ultimately converts carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds to fuel cellular processes in plants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    41 views4 pages

    Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions

    Uploaded by

    api-314050558
    Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. It has two phases: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use photons from sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH through the photosystems. The light-independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle, use the ATP and NADPH to incorporate carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates like glucose. The process ultimately converts carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds to fuel cellular processes in plants.

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    of 4

    PHOTOSYNTHESIS

    -Process plants use to take CO2+ H2O+ sunlight and turn them into carbohydrates and O2

    CO2 + H2O + photons  C6H12O6 (carbohydrates) + O2

    Light Dependent Reactions:

    - Needs photons and water to occur


    - Produces ATP and NADPH (able to give away the hydrogen and the electron associated
    with it—oxidized) OIL RIG (Oxidation is losing an electron/ reduction is gaining an
    electron-charge is reduced)
    - NADHPH is a reducing agent

    -Building a hydrogen ion concentration gradient (can be used to fuel production of ATP through
    ATP synthase)

    -Photosystem II uses an oxidizing agent to grab an electron from water (water splitting), so
    you’re left with the oxygen and hydrogen ions

    -this makes the oxygen byproduct


    -PS II’s oxidizing agent can also receive electrons from light

    -the process of electrons moving from a high energy state to a lower energy state (PS II to PS I)
    fuels the pumping of hydrogen protons into the thylakoid space

    -In Photosystem I, light can either directly or indirectly excite its electron, and that electron will
    be used to reduce NADP+ into NADPH

    -Once PS I gets rid of its electron, it wants another one, and it can get that from an electron
    that’s making its way through PS II

    -the buildup of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space provides energy for ATP synthase to turn
    ADP into ATP

    Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle):

    - CO2 enters the interior of a leaf via pores called stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the
    chloroplast
    -takes in ATP and NADPH (products from the light reactions) and CO2, and produces PGAL
    (phosphoglyceraldehyde)

    PGAL is 3 carbons with a phosphate group attached to it  can be used to build another
    carbohydrate

    -6CO2 reacts with 6 RuBp (Ribulose bisphosphate), a 5 carbon chain with 2 phosphates
    attached to form 12 molecules of PGAL (3 carbons + a phosphate group)

    -we have 36 carbons at this point

    -Energy for this reaction comes from 12 ATP’s and 12 NADPH’s

    -These leave as 12 ADP’s and 12 Pi (phosphate groups) and 12 NADP+


    - The reason why NADPH is a source of energy is because the electrons in it are
    in a very high energy state—as it goes to a lower energy state, it helps drive a
    reaction

    - Called a cycle because the system reuses 10 PGAL’s to recreate the RuBp’s from the beginning

    - this system uses 6 ATP’s

    -the other 2 PGAL’s can be used to make a glucose, a 6-carbon molecule (or any other sugars)

    -This is carbon fixation: turning carbon from an inorganic form into and organic form (glucose)

    -Occurs in the stroma

    -RuBisCo is an enzyme that allows the CO2 to bind and ATP to react, etc. (facilitates the entire
    process)

    -does not use ATP, only catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and RuBp

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