ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL

PURPOSES-GRADE 11
THE ART OF WRITING A CONCEPT PAPER
CONCEPT PAPER IS AN IDEA OR A CONCEPT AND
EXPLAINS ITS ESSENCE IN ORDER TO CLARIFY
THE “WHATNESS” OF THAT IDEA OR CONCEPT.
ACCORDING TO DADUFALZA 1996:183, IT
ANSWERS THE QUESTIONS: WHAT IS IT AND
WHAT ABOUT IT.
A CONCEPT PAPER STARTS WITH A DEFINITION,
EITHER FORMAL OR INFORMAL AND PROCEEDS
WITH AN EXPANDED DEFINITION AND AN
ANALYTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE ASPECTS OF
THE CONCEPT.
CONCEPT PAPER
TO STIPULATE THE MEANING OF A TERM
BY LIMITING,EXTENDING, OR
REDIRECTING THE REFERENCE OR SENSE
IN WHICH THE TERM IS COMMONLY
UNDERSTOOD OR USE IN A SPECIAL WAY .
A TERM BARROWED FROM ANOTHER
FIELD IN WHICH IT IS MADE TO APPLY
(DADUFALZA 1996:184).
CONCEPT PAPER CAN ALSO BE
SUBJECTIVE BECAUSE THE WRITER CAN
CHOOSE WHAT AREAS TO EMPHASIZE.
WHAT EXPLANATIONS AND ANALYSIS TO
INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE, AND WHAT
CONCEPT PAPER
WHAT CONCEPT PAPER CAN
ALSO BE SUBJECTIVE BECAUSE
THE WRITER CAN CHOOSE
WHAT AREAS TO EMPHASIZE.
WHAT EXPLANATIONS AND
ANALYSIS TO INCLUDE AND
EXCLUDE
CONCEPT PAPER
COMPLEX IDEAS HAVE TO BE
SIMPLIFIED.
NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT
CONCEPTS ARE CLARIFIED AND
EXPLAINED IN SUCH A WAY THAT
THE READERS CAN
UNDERSTAND AND MAKE SENSE
OF THE CONNECTIONS.
BEFORE –READING ACTIVITY

MOTIVATIONAL QUESTIONS:
1. HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE YOUR
MOTHER AS A WIFE TO YOUR FATHER.
2. IN YOUR OBSERVATION, WHAT ARE THE
ROLES AND/ OR DUTIES THAT YOUR
MOTHER DOES AS A WIFE ?
3. DO YOU THINK THAT SHE ENJOYS
BEING A WIFE? WHY OR WHY NOT?
WHY I WANT A WIFE-JUDY BRADY
1. I BELONG TO THAT CLASSIFICATION OF
PEOPLE KNOWN AS WIVES. I AM A
WIFE. AND,, NOT ALTOGETHER
INCIDENTALLY , I AM A MOTHER.
2. NOT TOO LONG AGO A MALE FRIEND
OF MINE APPEARED ON THE SCENE
FRESH FROM A RECENT DIVORCE. HE
HAD ONE CHILD, WHO IS, OF COURSE,
WITH HIS EX-WIFE. HE IS LOOKING FOR ANOTHER WIFE.
AS I THOUGHT ABOUT HIM WHILE I WAS IRONING ONE
EVENING, IT SUDDENLY OCCURRED TO ME THAT I, TOO,
WOULD LIKE TO HAVE A WIFE. WHY DO I WANT A WIFE?
WHY I WANT A WIFE
3. I WOULD LIKE TO GO BACK TO SCHOOL
SO THAT I CAN BECOME ECONOMICALLY
INDEPENDENT, SUPPORT MYSELF, AND, IF
NEED BE, SUPPORT THOSE DEPENDENT
UPON ME. I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL
WORK AND SEND ME TO SCHOOL. AND
WHILE I AM GOING TO SCHOOL, I WANT A
WIFE TO TAKE CARE OF MY CHILDREN. I
WANT A WIFE TO KEEP TRACK OF MY
CHILDREN’S DOCTOR AND DENTIST
APPOINTMENTS.
I WANT A WIFE
4.AND TO KEEP TRACK OF MINE, TOO. I
WANT A WIFE TO MAKE SURE MY
CHILDREN EAT PROPERLY AND ARE KEPT
CLEAN. I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL WASH
THE CHILDREN’S CLOTHES AND KEEP
THEM MENDED. I WANT A WIFE WHO IS A
GOOD NURTURANT ATTENDANT TO MY
CHILDREN WHO ARRANGES FOR THEIR
SCHOOLING, MAKES SURE THAT THEY
HAVE AN ADEQUATE SOCIAL LIFE WITH
THEIR PEERS, TAKE THEM TO THE PARK,
THE ZOO, ETC.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
5.I WANT A WIFE WHO TAKES
CARE OF MY CHILDREN WHEN
THEY ARE SICK, A WIFE WHO
ARRANGES TO BE AROUND
WHEN THE CHILDREN NEED
SPECIAL CARE, BECAUSE OF
COURSE, I CANNOT MISS
CLASSES AT SCHOOL.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
6.MY WIFE MUST ARRAGE TO
LOSE TIME AT WORK AND NOT
LOSE THE JOB, IT MAY MEAN A
SMALL CUT IN MY WIFE’S
INCOME FROM TIME TO TIME,
BUT I GUESS I CAN TOLERATE
THAT. NEEDLESS TO SAY , MY
WIFE WILL ARRANGE AND PAY
OR THE CARE OF MY CHILDREN
WHILE MY WIFE IS WORKING.
I WANT A WIFE
7. I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL TAKE
CARE OF MY PHYSICAL NEEDS. I
WANT A WIFE WHO WILL KEEP MY
HOUSE CLEAN.
A WIFE WHO WILL PICK UP AFTER
MY CHILDREN, A WIFE WHO WILL
PICK UP AFTER ME. I WANT A WIFE
WHO WILL KEEP MY CLOTHES CLEAN, IRONED,
MENDED, REPLACED WHEN NEED BE, AND WHO
WILL SEE TO IT THAT MY PERSONAL THINGS ARE
KEPT IN THEIR PROPER PLACE SO THAT I CAN
FIND WHAT I NEED THE MINUTE I NEED IT.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
8.I WANT A WIFE WHO COOKS THE
MEALS, A WIFE WHO IS GOOD COOK.
I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL PLAN THE
MENUS, DO THE NECESSARY
GROCERY SHOPPING , PREPARE THE
MEALS , SERVE THEM PLEASANTLY ,
AND THEN DO THE CLEANING UP
WHILE I DO MY STUDING.
I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL CARE FOR ME WHEN I
AM SICK AND SYMPATHIZE WITH MY PAIN AND
LOSS OF TIME FROM SCHOOL.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
9.I WANT A WIFE TO GO
ALONG WHEN OUR FAMILY
TAKES A VACATION SO THAT
SOMEONE CAN CONTINUE TO
CARE FOR ME AND MY
CHILDREN WHEN I NEED A
REST AND CHANGE OF
SCENE,
I WANT A WIFE

10. I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL NOT

BOTHER ME WHEN RAMBLING
COMPLAINTS ABOUT A WIFE’S DUTIES.
BUT I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL LISTEN
TO ME WHEN I FELL THE NEED TO
EXPLAIN A RATHER DIFFICULT POINT I
HAVE COME ACROSS IN MY COURSE
STUDIES. AND I WANT A WIFE WHO
WILL TYPE MY PAPERS FOR ME WHEN I
HAVE WRITTEN THEM.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
11.I WANT A WIFE WHO WILL TAKE
CARE OF THE DETAILS OF MY
SOCIAL LIFE. WHEN MY WIFE AND I
ARE INVITED OUT BY MY FRIENDS, I
WANT A WIFE WHO WILL TAKE CARE
THE BABY-SITTING ARRANGEMENTS.
WHEN I MEET PEOPLE AT SCHOOL
THAT I LIKE AND WANT TO
ENTERTAIN,
I WANT A WIFE
12. I WANT A WIFE TO HAVE A HOUSE
CLEAN , WELL PREPARE A SPECIAL
MEAL, SERVE IT TO ME AND MY
FRIENDS, AND NOT INTERRUPT
WHEN I TALK ABOUT THINGS THAT
INTEREST ME AND MY FRIENDS. I
WANT A WIFE WHO WILL HAVE
ARRANGED THAT THE CHILDREN
ARE FED AND READY FOR BED
BEFORE MY GUESTS ARRIVE SO
THAT THE CHILDREN DO NOT
BOTHER US .
WHY I WANT A WIFE
13.I WANT A WIFE WHO TAKES CARE
OF THE NEEDS OF MY GUESTS SO
THAT THEY FEEL COMFORTABLE,
WHO MAKES SURE THAT THEY HAVE
AN ASHTRAY , THAT THEY ARE
OFFERED A SECOND HELPING OF
THE FOOD, THAT THEIR WINE
GLASSES ARE REPLENISHED WHEN
NECESSARY, THAT THEIR COFFEE IS SERVED
TO THEM AS THEY LIKE IT. AND I WANT A WIFE
KNOWS THAT SOMETIMES I NEED A NIGHT OUT
BY MYSELF.
I NEED A WIFE
14. IF, BY CHANCE, I FIND ANOTHER
PERSON MORE SUITABLE AS A WIFE,
THAN MY WIFE I ALREADY HAVE, I
WANT THE LIBERTY TO REPLACE MY
PRESENT WIFE WITH ANOTHER ONE.
NATURALLY, I WILL EXPECT A
FRESH,NEW LIFE; MY WIFE WILL
TAKE THE CHILDREN AND BE
SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THEM
SO THAT I AM LEFT FREE.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
15. WHEN I AM THROUGH WITH
SCHOOL AND HAVE A JOB, I WANT
MY WIFE TO QUIT WORKING AND
REMAIN AT HOME SO THAT MY WIFE
CAN MORE FULL AND COMPLETELY
TAKE CARE OF A WIFE’S DUTY.
MY GOD, WHO WOULDN’T WANT A
WIFE?
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. WHAT IS JUDY’S MAIN THESIS IN THE ESSAY?
2. WHAT IS THE CONCEPT BEING DEFINED IN THE ESSAY?
3. WHY DOES SHE WANT A WIFE?
4. HOW WAS THE CONCEPT DEVELOPED? WHAT TECHNIQUES OF
DEFINING WERE USED?
5. WHAT IS HER DEFINITION OF A WIFE OR BEING A WIFE?
6. DOES THE ESSAY HAVE A CLEAR STRUCTURE? IS THERE A
CLEAR INSTRUCTION, BODY AND CONCLUSION?
7. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE WRITER IN DEFINING THE
CONCEPT?
8. IS THERE A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ROLE OF A
WIFE AND OF A MOTHER?
9. IS THE ESSAY A GOOD SAMPLE OF CONCEPT PAPER? WHY?
10. DO YOU NOW HAVE A MUCH CLEARER UNDERSTANDING OF
WHAT A CONCEPT PAPER IS THROUGH THIS SAMPLE ESSAY?
HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE A CONCEPT PAPER NOW?
HOW CAN YOU EXPAND YOUR
KNOWLEDGE
HOW ARE SATIRE AND IRONY USED IN BOTH OF THE
SAMPLE ESSAY ? YOU CAN CITE SPECIFIC POINTS FROM
THE ESSAYS.
Satire is a literary device used to create change
through the use of sarcasm, humor and ridicule.

IRONY- THE USE OF WORD THAT MEAN THE OPPOSITE OF

WHAT YOU REALLY THINK SPECIALLY IN ORDER TO BE
FUNNY. A SITUATION THAT IS STRANGE OR FUNNY
BECAUSE THINGS HAPPEN IN A WAY THAT SEEMS TO BE
THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU EXPECTED.
WHY I WANT A WIFE –JUDY BRADY

Who is Judy Brady

Judy Brady. Judith (Judy) Brady, a well known feminist and
activist, passed away in San Francisco on May 14th, 2017 at the
age of 80, after a brief hospital stay for pneumonia and
complications of COPD. She was born in San Francisco in 1937
Summary
Summary of 'Why I Want a wife'by Judy Brady. Judy
Brady's purpose of the essay, "I Want a Wife", is to show women
how men think, act, and feel. She being a feminist wants to show
how men truly think of woman, that when they get what
they want men set women aside for bigger and better things.
parents Mildred Edie and Robert Alexander Brady.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
THESIS STATEMENT
Want a Wife - Judy Brady She intends to prove her central
argument of women's roles are difficult and unequal to
men. Brady has made use of pathos with the purpose of making
the audience sympathise with her understand her emotions and
feelings.
Thesis Analysis
the short essay Why I Want a Wife that was featured in 1972 Ms.
Magazine, takes the idea of feminism to a whole new level. In a
sarcastic and almost humorous way, Judy Brady exaggerates the
expected roles of a common household wife in the 70's. In doing
so, she also takes jabs at husbands as a whole.
WHY I WANT A WIFE
The Concept:
Why I Want a Wife by Judy Brady. Intention: The intention of this
piece is to emphasize the unrealistic expectations society has for
women once they are married. Ethos: Brady begins this essay by
making an appeal to ethos, “I belong to that classification of people
known as wives.
 WORKSHOP GUIDELINES
DURING THE WORKSHOP
1.PHOTOCOPY YOUR PAPER DRAFTS AND GIVE EACH
MEMBER OF YOUR GROUP A COPY .ATTACH A PEER
EVALUATION SHEET FOR EACH PHOTOCOPIED DRAFT.
2.GUIDED BY THE QUESTIONS IN THE PEER EVALUATION
SHEET, TAKE TURNS IN CRITIQUING EACH MEMBER’S
PAPER . OFFER VALUABLE AND HONEST
EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT IN ORDER TO HELP YOUR PEER
TO IMPROVE HIS/HER WORK.
3. EACH MEMBER IS REQUIRED TO ANSWER THE PEER
EVALUATION SHEET.
4. YOU ARE ALSO ENCOURAGED TO WRITE ON DRAFTS OF
YOUR GROUP MATES.
5. AFTER THE WORKSHOP, EACH MEMBER SHOULD
COLLATE HIS/HER PEER’S EVALUATION.
GUIDE LINES IN EVALUATING THE
CONCEPT PAPER
CONTENT:
1. IS THE THESIS OF THE ESSAY CLEAR?
2. IS THERE A REASON FOR THIS ESSAY? WHAT IS
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TOPIC? IS THE
TOPIC SUFFICIENTLY RESEARCHED?
3. ARE THE DETAILS RELEVANT TO THE THESIS?
4. DOES THE WRITER EXHIBIT A THOROUGH
KNOWLEDGE OF HIS/HER TOPIC AS SHOWN IN
THE PRESENTATION OF THE IDEAS?
ORGANIZATION
1. IS THE LEAD INTERESTING?
2. ARE THE MAJOR POINTS CLEAR?
3. IS THERE A COHERENT AND LOGICAL
SEQUENCING OF IDEAS?
4. IS THE CONCLUSION APPROPRIATE
AND SATISFYING?
5. IS THE FOCUS CLEARLY DEFINED?
VOCABULARY/LANGUAGE AND
STYLE
1. IS THE LANGUAGE CONSISTENT WITH THE
CONTENT OF THE ESSAY?
2. IS THE LANGUAGE CONSISTENT
THROUGHOUT?
3. WHO IS THE AUTHOR: CAN YOU “SEE”
HIM/HER? CAN YOU “HEAR” HIS/HER VOICE
AS A WRITER?
4. ARE THE SENTENCES WELL CONSTRUCTED?
5. ARE THE WORDS APPROPRIATELY USED?
6. IS GRAMMAR-AGREEMENT , TENSE , ARTICLES
,PRONOUNS, PREPOSITIOND-CORRECT?
EVALUATION SHEET FOR
CONCEPT PAPER
1. WHAT IS THE CONCEPT BEING DEFINED? WHAT IS THE
INITIAL DEFINITION GIVEN?__________________
2. HOW DID THE WRITER DEVELOP THE DEFINITION?
WHAT DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF DEFINING WERE
USED?____________________
3. IS THE DEFINITION BOTH SUFFICIENTLY INCLUSIVE ? IN
WHAT WHY? DOES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
DEFINITION EMPHASIZE ONLY RELEVANT ASPECTS,
CLASSES, APPLICATION?___________________
4. IS THE CONCEPT DEFINE, DESCRIBED AND ANALYZED
IN CLEAR LANGUAGE AND SYNTAX ?IS THE CONCEPT
DISCUSSED CLEARLY AND IN SPECIFIC TERMS THAT
CAN BE EASILY RELATED TO EXPERIENCE?__________
Syntax (linguistics) the way in which words are put together
to form a phrases, classes. Or sentences
 EVALUATION
5.WHAT DID YOU LIKE MOST ABOUT THE ESSAY? HOW DID
THE IDEA HELP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THESIS OF
THE ESSAY?

6.WHAT CONFUSED, BOTHERED, OR UNSETTLED YOU

ABOUT THE ESSAY? HOW CAN IT BE
IMPROVED?___________________
7.WHAT PART OF THE ESSAY NEEDS TO BE DEVELOPED?
WHAT NEEDS TO BE ADDED ?

8. WHERE DOES IT NEED TO BE CUT? CAN FOCUS OF THE

ESSAY BE SHARPENED BY DELETING SOME SEGMENTS,
REPITITION OF IDEAS, OR IRRELEVANT IDEAS? WHICH
PART CAN BE DROPPED?_________
CHAPTER QUIZ
SO, IF AGAIN ONE POINTS TO A BOOK AND
CALLS A”BLAH”, WHAT WILL YOU TELL
THAT PERSON? WOULD YOU STILL
QUESTION THE PERSON’S CREDIBILITY
AND SANITY, OR WOULD YOU ASK
HIM/HER TO PROVIDE A DEFINITION OF
THE CONCEPT OF NAMING THINGS OR OF
THE ARBITRARINESS OF LANGUAGE?

TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE FULLY GRASPED THIS

LESSON, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING CHAPTER QUIZ.
QUIZ-ANSWER EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS IN ONE PARAGRAPH. 10 POINTS EACH
1. HOW WOULD DESCRIBE DEFINITION AS MODE OF
PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT?
2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF
DEFINING?
3. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF DEFINING?
4. WHAT ARE THE SITUATIONS THAT WOULD REQUIRE
YOU TO COME UP WITH CLEAR DEFINITIONS?
5. WHAT IS A CONCEPT PAPER? HOW IS IT DIFFERENT
FROM A REACTION PAPER?
6. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CONCEPT PAPER?
7. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
CONCEPT PAPER?
CHAPTER QUIZ
8. SINCE DEFINITION IS BOTH
INCLUSIVE AND EXCLUSIVE, DO YOU
THINK THAT IT IS A WAY OF
CONTROLLING A CERTAIN GROUP
OF PEOPLE?
9.HOW WILL YOU RECONCILE THE
SUBJECTIVITY OF THE CONCEPT
PAPER WITH THE OBJECTIVITY OF
THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE?
CHAPTER QUIZ

10. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF

LEARNING TO WRITE ABOUT A
CONCEPT PAPER IN THE ACADEMIC
AND PROFESSIONAL WORLD.
FINAL TOPIC –EAPP
AGREEMENT
Look for a Text / excerpt and state the authors purpose and
each pattern of development focusing on :
1. Information
2. Selection
3. Organization
4. Development
Presentation: In a type written form in an A4 sheet of bond
paper.
BRAINSTORMING LIST
Is one of the letter and more popular methods
of discovering your writing topic. All you need
to do is begin at the top of a sheet of paper and
list down everything that comes into your mind
as fast as you can for a certain amount of time
(say, five minutes, for Example).
The aim of a brainstorming exercise is not to
produce a logical flow of ideas but to provide
yourself with as many choices for your topic
as possible . You can be free, whimsical , and
personal with the list as you please.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
TOPIC OUTLINE
SENTENCE OUTLINE
WHOLISTIC GUIDE IN
TECHNICAL WRITING
ABC’s of Report Writing
1.Accuracy 15.Planning
2.Brevity 16.Qualification
3.Confidence 17.Revision
4.Dignity 18.Straight Sentences
5.Facility 19.Thoroughness
6.Emphasis 20.Unity
7.Honesty 21.Viewpoint
8.Illustration 22.Word Choice
9.Judgement 23. Zest
10.Knowledge
11.Logic
12.Mechanical neatness
13.Normal Procedure
14.Objectivity
BUSINESS
LETTERS
SIR DEODY S. FABROA
WHAT IS A BUSINESS
LETTER?
• The business letter maybe defined as a written
message used to transact business which cannot be
conveniently conducted orally.
-It is a formal and direct, with no literary
pretensions .
-It has a twofold purpose:
a. to serve as a record
b. to attempt to secure action from
the reader
• A business letter is effective if it succeeds in a building
up goodwill and in securing a favorable response.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS TO
IMPRESS THE READERS
• Good quality of stationary or bond
paper
• Accuracy, clarity, conciseness,
neatness, promptness

a. Sender b. Receiver c. Message

GOLDEN RULE OF THE BUSINESS
LETTER:
” adapt the message to the reader”
• in substance
• in language
• in tone

a businessman is interested in profit

 an engineer maybe interested in
convenience or efficiency.
THE MESSAGE MUST BE
FAMILIAR TO THE READER:
• a letter to an engineer might be more technical than
one of the same subject to a layman.
• the colloquial, jocular tone would not fit a message
concerning an important business transaction.

 The reader’s attention is immediately arrested

upon unfolding a letter that is fresh and crisp
in appearance and that is attractively centered
on the page. Then, if the message itself is in
keeping with the dignity of appearance, the
letter will usually be highly effective.
TEN COMMANDMENTS OF A
GOOD CORRESPONDENT
• Be always dignified, respectful and gracious. Never
purposely hurt anyone’s feeling.
• Never become so imbued with your own position of
company’s name that your letters sound pompous or
dictatorial.
• Keep your letter as short as possible without
appearing curt and refrain from using terms that
your reader may not understand.
 TEN COMMANDMENTS OF
A GOOD CORRESPONDENT

• Admit mistakes willingly.

• Always endeavor to realize that a person’s ideas,
feelings and problems, no matter how trivial,
inconsiderate or unfair they may be, are important
to him and should be considered.
• Never lose your temper, become impatient or
irritable, or get into arguments.
• Resist the temptation to flaunt your company’s rules
and policies at your reader. Do not attempt to prove
the recipient as thoughless , careless, or wrong.
TEN COMMANDMENTS OF A
GOOD CORRESPONDENT

• Never write hasty, ill advised note until you have

time to cool off, or carefully study the situation.
• Never resort to name-calling even by
interference.
• Never “talk down to” , or to your recipient.
• Try your best to create goodwill for your
company with every letter you write.
STATIONERY
• Good taste rather than strict economy should be the
criterion in choosing paper and envelopes. The prestige
gained through the use of good paper will more than offset
any saving through the use of inferior paper.
• The standard sheet of business stationary is 8 ½ x 11
inches in size, white or a very light shade of cream, brown ,
gray, and blue in color.
• The writer should determine the approximate length of the
letter and type it in such a way as to have approximately the
same margins all around. This is centering the letter.
• Each element of the letter should be separated from the
others by double spacing or triple spacing and should be
placed in its correct position relative to the whole. Nothing
should be allowed to extend over into the margin, not even
the signature.
CHARACTERISITICS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER

• CORRECTNESS-a business letter should be correct as to

the facts given. A misspelled name, a wrong date, an
inaccurate item of information anywhere in a letter
weakens its effect upon a reader and causes him to lose
confidence in the writer.
• CLEARNESS- the business letter is clear if it easily
understood. To secure clarity, it is imperative for the writer
to use simple, exact language. To use words in their usual
senses, and to use only words, which are generally found
in the vocabulary of the reader. Adapting the message and
language to the ideas and point of view of the reader is
essential in securing clarity.
CHARACTERISITICS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER

• CONCISENESS- conciseness is the art of saying a thing in as

few words as possible. It can be secured by using direct
statements and exact words, excluding as many qualifying
and descriptive words as can possibly be spared. However,
conciseness should not degenerate into curtness, nor an
unpleasant abruptness where the writer jumps from one idea
to another without adequately preparing the reader, or where
he omits the little amenities of polite business conversation.
Neither should the reader be expected to read between the
lines of the letter, everything needed to understand the
message and secure intelligent action should be included.
• ORDER-Since the business letter is often an important
written record, it is essential that it should have logical
organization.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
A LETTER
Order- Since the business letter is often an important written
record, it is essential that it should have logical organization.
The order in which the parts of the message are taken up is
largely determined by the effect desired and by the type of
letter being written. The order in various types of letters will
Be discussed.
CHARACTERISITICS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER

• UNITY-No letter should deal with two unrelated subjects.

• The writer who has two unconnected subjects to take up
with a firm should write two different letters.
• COURTESY- produces a pleasant-feeling tone. It enhances
the writer’s goodwill and to a great degree augments his
profits. It can be secured by avoiding blunt expressions.
Business should consider well the time he spent to write
pleasant and courteous letters.
• CHARACTER PERSONALITY ,STYLE
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
1.Heading- consists o f the name of the firm or individual and
the address. These are the essentials for a printed letterhead,
although there may be additional printed data. Office people
become so accustomed to using printed letterheads that they
sometimes forget to type the heading when they write
personal-business letters on blank paper.
2.The Date Line- The date line consists of the month, the day
of the month and the year. The date may be centered, typed
flush with the right margin, started at the center point of the
page, or in full-block letters, started at the left margin.
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
3.The Inside Address- The inside address consists of the
name and address of the person or the firm to whom the
letter is written and should correspond in essentials to the
envelope address. It is written below the date at the left
margin in letters addressed to government officials and also
in personal letters of a rather formal and dignified character.
The inside address is sometimes placed in the lower –left
hand portion of the sheet, beginning flush with the left-hand
margin, two to five spaces below the last item of the
signature and the bottom margin. This arrangement is known
as the official form.
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
For reasons of courtesy, we use a title with every name, such
as:
Mr.,Mrs., or Miss. If the addressee holds some special title,
like Doctor, Professor, or Honorable, we use the title.
Honorable is employed in addressing a person prominent in
affairs of government. It is correctly used in addressing the
President, cabinet officers, commissioners, justices of the
Supreme Court, judges, governors, mayors , and others.
Preferable: The Honorable
Permissible: Honorable
Permissible: Hon.
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
The designation of the addressee’s
business rank or official position in an
organization or institution should always be
written in full. Since the designation of
position does not take the place of the
preceding title of courtesy (usually Mr.) this
conventional title should be retained.
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
Example:
Mr. Roberto T. Villanueva, President
Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Company of Manila, Inc.
Oledan Building, Makati City

The generic name of a thoroughfare such as Street,Avenue,

Boulevard, Drive , or Road not be omitted.

Example:

101, Doroteo Jose Street

333 Claro <M. Recto Avenue
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
4.The Attention Line
The attention line is used when it is
important that the letter reach quickly the
person who is best qualified to take care of
it. A number of positions and forms for this
information are used, but as a general rule,
the attention line should be centered.
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
5.The Salutation
The salutation always starts at the left margin, followed
by a colon. The correct salutation for a firm composed
of men or of men and women is Gentlemen. For a firm
composed entirely of women, use Mesdames.
Salutations for individuals from formal to informal, are:

Sir : Madam:
My dear Sir: My dear Madam:
Dear Sir : Dear Madam:
My dear Mr. Reyes: My dear Mrs. Reyes:
Dear Mr. Reyes: Dear Mrs. Reyes:
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
The most formal of salutations, Sir, is correct only in official
and military correspondence. Do not use a salutation
beginning with My when the responsibility for the letter is to
be assumed by an organization rather than by an individual .
My dear Sir or My dear Mr. Cruz us appropriate only from one
individual to another.

6.The Subject Line

The subject line enables the reader to know at a glance what
the letter is about. Used most often in short letter reports, it
may be placed in various positions. Sometimes it is placed
above the inside address.
THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
7.The Body of the Letter-
contains the message. Be careful to
have a correct, clear, courteous,
concise, neatly typed ,attractively
centered letter.
AS A GENERAL RULE,
single spacing should be employed within paragraphs
of the letter body;
double spacing between paragraphs.
Note: When the message consists of only few lines,
however, double spacing within paragraphs is
permissible if indentions are used to indicate
paragraph divisions.
In most cases a single sheet provides ample space for
the entire letter,. Occasionally , however, a message of
unusual length requires the use of two or more pages.
The continuation sheet should match the first page in
size, color , and quality but should not bear a
letterhead.
AS A GENERAL RULE,
Most business establishments use a blank page although
some prefer to use a sheet bearing the name of the
organization( but omitting the other details of the letterhead).
Each continuation sheet should bear a brief heading
consisting of the name or initials of the addressee, the page
number, and the date. If the addressee is an individual, the
proper title should precede the name or initials. The margin
above the heading should be uniform with the side margins of
the first page. When the printed name of the sender appears on
the sheet, the heading should be written at least two spaces
below it. The first item of the heading establishes the left-hand
margin of the continuation sheet. The remaining items are
evenly distributed across the sheet, with the page number in
the center, and the date arranged so as to end at the righthand
margins.
 THE PARTS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
8. THE COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
This is typed two spaces below the
last line of the body. Only the first
word is capitalized . This refers to the
words of courtesy at the end of the
letter. The words must be pleasant and
business like.
EXAMPLES
Very respectfully yours, Very cordially yours,
Yours very respectfully Yours very cordially,
Respectfully yours, Cordially yours.
Yours respectfully, Yours cordially,
Very truly yours, Sincerely,
Yours very truly, Cordially,
Truly yours,
Yours truly,
Very sincerely yours,
Yours very sincerely,
Sincerely yours,
Yours sincerely,
THE COMPLIMENTARY
CLOSE
A form including. respectfully should be used only when
special respect is intended . Such a form indicates deference
to position, rank, or authority, as in letter to a government
official an army or naval officer of high rank, a business man
of high station in his firm ,or an important college or
university official.
Until recently, Yours truly was the standard form, used very
widely in letters calling for a medium degree of formality. At
present Very truly yours and Yours very truly are generally
considered preferable to it and appropriate with the
salutations : Gentlemen, Dear Sir, dear Mr. Reyes, and Dear
Mr. Reyes or the equivalent forms for women.)
COMPLIMENTARY
CLOSE
The various informal closes including the words sincerely
and cordially are very commonly employed when the writer is
well acquainted with the addressee, together with the
salutation Dr. Mr. Reyes(or the equivalent form for women
).These informal closes should be avoided, as a general
rule,in letters addressed to firms.
When the writer is intimately acquainted with the addresses
sufficiently so to greet him as Dear Ramon, he may omit the
word yours from the complimentary close, and use an
extremely informal and personal form consisting of the
single word Sincerely or Cordially.
THE SIGNATURE
The term signature applies to the entire signature unit which
usually consists of two to four lines containing the following:
1.The typewritten name of the business organization in
behalf of which the letter is written, the pen-written signature
of the dictator, the typewritten name of the dictator, and the
designation of the dictator’s business rank or official
position with the organization.
IDENTIFICATION
INITIALS
The initials of the stenographer, and either the name or the
initials of the dictator are usually placed in the lower left-
hand corner of the letter, ordinarily one or two spaces below
the last line of the signature group . If the signature falls near
the bottom of the page and conservation of the remaining
space is essential for marginal balance , the identification
line may be placed on the same line as the item of the
signature.

When a letter is written in the official form, the identification

line should be placed two or three spaces below yhe last line
of the inside address.
INCLOSURE/ENCLOSU
RE
When other material besides the letter is included in the
envelope, it should be noted in the left-hand corner on a line
with the bottom margin. The word enclosure is preferably
spelled with an initial I in American usage , although the form
enclosure is permissible.
The number beyond one is indicated before the abbreviation:
2 incls.
LETTER STYLES
Having decided upon the best way to center the letter, the
writer must next determine the form of indention.
Among the conventional forms of indention in common use
and possibly in the order of popular acceptance are:
1.The Block Style
2.The Semi-block style
3.The indented style
4. The full-block style
5.The hanging-indented style
THE BLOCK STYLE

The inside address and all paragraph beginnings start at the

left margin. Each member of the signature group is aligned
vertically with the complimentary close which office-record
details are based on the left margin and the signature group.
The standard style of punctuation is generally used in the
block style.

Example letter:
C:\Users\deo\Desktop\SAMPLE LETTER.docx
THE SEMIBLOCK
STYLE
Identical with block style except that the first line of each
paragraph is indented
INDENTED STYLE
The various elements of addressees and other formal
portions are indented and even number of spaces ,so that a
line drawn tangent to the first will be tangent to all the rest.
The principal objection to the use of indented letter is the
exacting task of arranging the address and the signature.
THE HANGING-
INDENTED STYLE
The first line of each paragraph is flush with margin in line
with the salutation and inside address. Other lines are
uniformly indented at least five spacies.
SIMPLIFIED LETTER
Sponsored by NSO
The style is similar to that of full –block format, with all the parts beginning at the left margin .
Note the following the details of form:
1.Place the date in top position.
2.Block the address at least 3 spaces below the date so that a window envelope may be used
if desired.
3.Place the subject caption at least three spaces below the address. Full capital letters maybe
used.
4.Omit the salutation
5.Block the paragraphs, double space between paragraphs.
6.Indent quoted matter an listings fie spaces. If items are numbered, place the numbers at the
left margin.
7.Omit the complimentary close.
8.At least five spaces below the body of the letter type in one line the name of the dictator
with his title or departmental connection. Full capital letters are commonly used.
9.Place the source reference below the typewritten signature, It may be omitted.
10. To indicate a carbon copy , type the name of the receiver below the last line. If more than
one copy is to be sent, list the names of the receivers in one line.
3 PUNCTUATION
STYLES
1. Open
2. Standard(also called mixed)
3. Closed
Open Punctuation Style- This style requires that no punctuation be used
after any part of the letter except the message. Open punctuation is
often used with full-blocked arrangements as both styles are
considered time-savers for the typist.
Standard Punctuation Style- In the standard punctuation style, only the
salutation and the complimentary closing are followed by punctuation.
The salutation is followed by a colon, and the complimentary close is
followed by a comma. This style is the most commonly used.
Closed Punctuation Style- This style is perhaps the least used and is
not recommended for use in modern letters. It places a period after the
date and a comma after each line of the inside address except the last
line, where a period is placed after the name of the city or province.
TYPES OF BUSINESS
LETTERS
1. Inquiries and Reply
2. Order and Acknowledgements
3. Letters giving Instructions
4. Claim and Adjustment Letter
LETTER OF INQUIRY
Four Steps which may be arranged in the following order:
1. State carefully the circumstances which necessitate the
inquiry .
2. State any facts needed by the reader in making a
complete reply.
3. Ask for the information, or state the questions.
4. Express gratitude for the favour requested.
Note: In letters of inquiry which will benefit the writer alone, it
is customary to inclose postage for a reply; a note of thanks
should follow a letter of this sort.
LETTER OF INQUIRY
GOURMET FOOD COMPANY,INCORPORATED

200 Salcedo Village

Makati City

February 24,2017

Destiny Manufacturing Company

505 Agoncillo

Malolos, Bulacan

Subject: Type 888 Sachets

Gentlemen:

Attn: Mr. E R. Reyes,Sales Manager

Please send us a price list and descriptive literature about your 888 Sachets.Particularly we wish to know whether they are resealable and heat resistant.

We shall appropriate this information, as we shall utilize the containers for our new line of food products.

Inclosed herewith is a brochure concerning our new items.

Note: please also inform us if it is refillable.

Very truly yours,

Gourment Food Company,Inc.

Mila V. Perez

Production Manager

Mvp
THE REPLY LETTER
1. Acknowledge the inquiry ; or state the circumstances
necessitating the reply,
2. Answers the questions fully.
3.Build goodwill and pave the way for further contact.

Note: In handling replies, the writer should be prompt and

systematic. If the material is not immediately available, the
inquiry should be acknowledged and a date set for the final
reply
LETTER OF REPLY
Destiny Manufacturing Company

505 Agoncillo

Malolos, Bulacan

February 27,2017

Gourmet Food Company,Incorporated

200 Salcedo Village

Makati City

Subject : Type 888 Sachets

Gentlemen:

Attention: Miss Mila V.Perez,Production Manager

It is a pleasure to answer the question raised in your letter of February 24,2017 concerning our Type 888 Sachets.

Our sachets classified as Type 888 are resealable and heatproof . We have marked for you on page 9 and 10 of the inclosed brochure the different kinds of containers which we highly recommend for your particular line of food products. Also
inclosed is an order blank.

We shall be glad to take care of your order for any type. If there are any other points which may not be quite clear, just write us and we shall be glad to answer your questions.

Very truly yours,

Destiny Manufacturing Co.

E.R. REYES

Sales Manager

Err/
CLAIM AND
ADJUSTMENT LETTER
Claim and adjustment letters are used whenever a
misunderstanding arises between two parties which cannot
be easily handled by word of mouth. Both types require
unusual tact and skill in handling. Essentially, the problem is
to offer justice to both parties. Clearness, courtesy , and
honesty are essential for maximum effectiveness.
The Claim letter attempts to put before the reader exactly
what the writer thinks has been wrong or unfair in a given
transaction. He should not ask for more than he is entitled to,
nor misstate facts in an effort to deceive the other party.
FOUR STEPS FOR
CLAIM LETTER
a.) A complete and careful statement of what is wrong.
b.) a statement showing the inconvenience to which the
Claimant has been put, to arouse the interest of the adjuster.
c.)A request for an explanation , an adjustment or whatever
is needed to make the error.
d.)A further appeal adapted to the reader’s pride, self interest,
Sense of fair play, or fear.
FUNCTIONAL ORDER FOR
ADJUSTMENT LETTER
a.) An expression of interest and symphaty ,or an apology.
b.) A clear and complete statement of the facts so that the
claimant may understand the adjuster’s point of view.
c.)An offer of an adjustment which is fair to both
parties(many modern adjustment letters begin with this
section and is often combined with part a)
d.)An assurance that the situation will not happen again to
build up damaged goodwill.
CLAIM LETTER
Global Machines,Inc.

246 Mactan Avenue

Cebu City

January 31,2016

Mr. Andress S. Zobel

President

Flying A. Machinery

1270 Jose Abad Santos Avenue

Metro Manila

Sir:

Last January 02,2016, we ordered 100 one- horsepower Blue Jacket Water Pumps. Until now ,the shipment has not been delivered.

The peak demand for water pumps is from March to May, ;therefore , we may have to wait until next summer to dispose of all these pumps if they do not arrive soon.

We are referring this matter to you for investigation. We hope to have our Blue Jackets early next month.

Please let us know the reason for the delay. There must be a logical explanation since our past transactions with you have all been highly satisfactory.

respectfully yours,

Juan Dela cruz

Purchasing officer

P.S.

Inclosure

Initial referen ce
ADJUSTMENT LETTER
Flying A. Machinery
1270 Jose Abad Santos
Avenue, Metro Manila
February 14,2017
Mrs.Armida M. Enriquez
Global Machineries, Inc.
Cebu City
My Dear Madam
We apologize for the delay in the delivery o the pumps specified on your Purchase
Order No. 907 of January 2.
The pumps were not shipped as scheduled because another company purchased all the Blue
Jacket Pumps we had in stock two days before we received your order letter; however , you
will receive your shipment not later than February 28.
We earnestly hope that a regrettable incident like this will not happen again .
Very truly yours
Andres S. Zobel
President
ORDER AND
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LETTER
The order letter, as well as its acknowledgement and
acceptance, constitutes a contract enforceable by law,
therefore ,every transacted with the concern to warrant the
omission of some of them as matters mutually understood:
a.) Name of the article ordered
b.) Description of each item, giving size, style ,finish, quality ,
material, weight, or whatever will help in identifying the
article wanted.
c.) Catalogue number of the item , if it is available; if not, the
page number or date of the catalogue (it is well also to
include the number or date of the catalogue.)
d.) Quantity of each item wanted.
e.) price of each item, and the total price of the order.
f.) Method of payment to be used by the buyer (Occasionally ,
the conditions of acceptance of the order should be included.)
g.)Method of shipment desired by the buyer.
h.) Address to which goods are to be shipped, especially
important if shipping address differs from post-office address.
j.) Date at which goods are desired.
Items (g),(h), (i) are usually included in the first paragraph and
item (f) in the last paragraph. The actual list of goods to be
purchased is properly placed in tabular form, indented slightly
from the left margin and so arranged that prices form the last
column on the right.
CONTINUATION
The acknowledgement should be written in such a way that
the customer will be desirous of continuing his business
relations with the firm . It should never be negative or merely
perfunctory (used to describe something that is done without
energy or enthusiasm because of habit or because it is
expected.)
ORDER LETTER
700 D. Macapagal Ave.
Lubao , Pampanga
March 1, 2017
Mega Power Electrical Company
108 Pasong Tamo Extension
Makati City
Gentlemen
Please send us by express not later than March 4,2017,to
the address given above the following items taken from your
catalogue B for 2017.
CONTINUATION
Cat. No. Quantity Description Unit Price Total
10D 10 Voltmeter, double range, P 900.00 P 9,000.00
125 ohms per volt
129B 10 Hot-wire milliammeters , 2000.00 20,000.00
range 0 to 500 volt
125 5 Wattmeters, direct 4000.00 20,000.00
current, or single-phase
alternating current, for 150
volts, 0.5 amp.
Total…. P49,000.00
CONTINUATION
A certified check for P49,000.00 is inclosed in full payment
of this order . We shall appreciate your promptness in
delivering our order.

Very truly yours,

DANTE C. PINEDA
Account Manager
Inclosure
PS
Initial
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LETTER
MEGA ELECTRICAL COMPANY
108 Pasong Tamo Extension
Makati City
March 4,2017
Mr. Dante C. Pineda
700 D Macapagal Avenue
Lubao, Pampanga
Dear Sir
Thank you for your order of March 1,2017, with the inclosed certified
check for P49,000.00. The electrical supplies are being shipped to you
today.
Our supplies, of course, are not limited to the items we list. In ordering
again , please feel free to order any item you may require.
We allow a liberal discount for purchases worth P10,000.00 or more.
We are therefore inclosing a check in the amount of P5,000.00
representing discount.

This is the first order we have received from you. It is a pleasure to add
your name to our file of customers.

Very truly yours,

Mega Manufacturing Co.

MIGUEL T. RAZON
Sales Manager