Dyneema Fiber

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Afzal Ahmad 06-NTU-104

 Dyneema is a registered trademark of Royal


DSM (The Netherlands).

 Dyneema was invented by DSM in 1979.

 It has been in commercial production since


1990 at a plant in Heerlen, the Netherlands
 It is Ultra-high-molecular-weight
polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber
 It has extremely long chains, with molecular
weight numbering in the millions
 The longer chain serves to transfer load more
effectively to the polymer backbone by
strengthening intermolecular interactions
 It has highest impact strength than any
thermoplastic material
 It is highly resistant to corrosive chemicals,
with exception of oxidizing acids
 It has extremely low moisture absorption
 It has a very low coefficient of friction,
 It is self-lubricating, and is highly resistant to
abrasion(15 times more resistant to abrasion
than carbon steel)
 Its coefficient of friction is significantly
lower than that of nylon and acetal, and is
comparable to that of Teflon, but UHMWPE
has better abrasion resistance than Teflon.
 It is odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic.
 High Breaking Strength
 Low Weight
 Low Elongation
 Better Control
 High Safety
 Chemical Resistance
 Soft and Better Bending
 Various Colors
 UHMWPE is synthesized from monomers of
ethylene which are bonded together to form
ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
(or UHMWPE)
 UHMWPE is processed using the following
methods
1. compression molding,
2. ram extrusion,
3. gel spinning,
4. sintering,
5. kneading.
 In gel spinning, a precisely-heated gel of
UHMWPE is processed by an extruder through
a spinneret
 The extrudate is drawn through the air and
then cooled in a water bath.
 The end-result is a fiber with a high degree
of molecular orientation, and therefore
exceptional tensile strength.
 Due to high crystallinity and chemical
resistant of the fiber dyeing is very difficult.

 It can not be dye through conventional ways

 Advance technology is used to dye the fiber

 Dyeing in super critical carbon dioxide


method is used.
 Highly oriented ultra-high molecular weight
polyethylene fibres are contacted with a dye
bath at a temperature of 100-130°C for 20-
60 minutes
 Dye bath consisting of an aqueous dispersion
of a finely ground mixture of specific dyes
and surfactants
 Moulding is contacted, at a temperature of
between 100 and 130°C, with a supercritical
liquid in which a dye is dissolved.
 Fibers are preferably modified by means of a
plasma or corona treatment prior to the
dyeing operation

 The dyes are brought into the moulding to a


greater depth
 Removed only with great difficulty, by
boiling in hexane.
 No washing step or drying step is needed
after dyeing
 Good coloration occurs in places that are
difficult of access where fibers are wound
one over the other.
 Supercritical liquid such as carbon dioxide,
dinitrogen oxide, ammonia, ethane or
propane are used in dyeing process.
 Dye is used which is soluble in supercritical
liquid.
 Which exhibit a good affinity to highly
oriented high-molecular-weight polyethylene
mouldings.
 Good affinity means that resulting in a high
colour intensity and high resistance to
rubbing and washing.
 plate-shaped dye molecules exhibit a good
affinity
 Good dyeing results are obtained when azo
dyes are used.
 Ar-N=N-Ar,
 Ar is an aryl group
 Aryl group is understood to be a benzyl or a
naphthyl group
 If the solubility of the dye is inadequate, it
may be improved by adding moderators
 Toluene, methylpyrrolidone, Decalin, glycols
or propanol.
 used in armor,

 cut-resistant gloves,
 Fishing line,

 Sport parachutes,
 Bow strings,


 paragliders
 Medical applications in total joint
replacement
 Skis and snowboards


 Skating

 Skateboarding
 Hockey


 Rock climbing

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