Wide Sargasso Sea - Marxist Analysis

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The text provides a Marxist analysis of the novella Wide Sargasso Sea, discussing themes of class conflict, economic domination, and the transformation of culture into commodities under capitalism.

The main themes discussed are social status, money, and power as they relate to class struggles between the haves and have-nots in colonial society.

The text describes the structure of society, distinguishing between the ruling elites (haves), Creoles of lesser status, white servants, and black servants (have-nots), noting tensions between the recently emancipated slaves and other classes.

Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys

A Marxist analysis

Adrián Martínez Torres

Ethnicity, class and gender in world literature written


in English

2019-2020
What is the Marxist analysis?
 Focus on the influences of society and history on literature (class
conflict).

 Analyses of history, sociology and politics (unequal class


arrangement, class struggles and economic domination).

 Critical Theory: a social theory that criticizes society in order to


change it as a whole.

 (Late) capitalism transforms creativity and cultural production into


commodities (consumerism).
Structure of society in Wide Sargasso Sea:

 The haves: the ruling elites who have power and money. The
Creoles, of a lesser status, want the old days to return and their
status to be restored.
- White people (England): Mr. Mason, Mr Rochester
- Creole people (Jamaica and Martinique): Annette, Antoinette

 The have-nots: a large disenfranchised group who lack power and


money. The Black slaves have been recently emancipated so there is
tension between the two classes.
- White servants (England): Leah, Grace Poole
- Black servants (Jamaica and Dominica): Christophine, Baptiste
Linen Market, Dominica, oil painting by Agostino Brunias, circa 1780. Wikimedia Commons
Main themes and concepts in the novella:
 Social status (class struggles). The impoverished Creole characters
desire to acquire the status of a white person.
Quotations 1 and 2

 Money (economic domination). Several characters behave


accordingly to their –desperate or not- need to have money.
Quotations 3 and 4

 Power (class distinctions). White people make use of the oppressive


structures to maintain their colonial power.
Quotations 5 and 6
Questions for discussion:

 Do you think Antoinette serves as a bridge between the two social


classes, the haves and the have-nots?

 Considering that slaves burned plantations in real life and in the


novel, does Antoinette behave more like her black ancestry at the
end of the novella?

 Bertha is the antithesis of Jane Eyre in all aspects. Can we compare


Antoinette’s fortune to Jane Eyre’s inheritance in a similar fashion?
 How do you think Jean Rhys, when writing about the white fear of
blackness, relates it to Brontë’s underlying prejudices in Jane Eyre?

 Antoinette, during the novella, tries to defy the classist colonial


society. Do you think her closeness with Christophine and her other
servants reflect this defiance?
Bibliography:

 Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. United States of


America: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1999.

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