16271A0334. Seminar

SEMINAR ON ELECTRIC VE
CHILE AND HYBRID ELECT

RIC VEHICLES
PRESENTED BY
CH. SUJIL
16271A0334
The Present and Future of
Hybrid and Electric Vehicle
s
Presentation Outline
Why does society need/want hybrid and el

ectric vehicles?
Current status of EV’s and HEV’s.
The general structure and functionality of
HEV’s.
New developments and future technology
of HEV’s.
The Need for Electric and Hybrid El
ectric Vehicles
Environmental Concerns: Curre
nt use of heat-combustion engine is a major source of air pollution
and may be a cause of global warming.
Practical Concerns:
Current conventional cars use a quickly decreasing source of f
ossil fuel. Although no one knows exactly how long the world’s su
pply of oil will last, most agree that it isn’t too far in the future that
our current supply will be used up.
“In 15 years Americans will be routinely driving hybrid electric cars perfor
ming at 80 miles per gallon. Today's internal-combustion-engine-only veh
icle will become an artifact of history.” - Dan Doughty
The Benefits of EV’s and HEV’s compa
red with conventional vehicles
The electric motor is far more efficient (70%-85
% efficiency) than the heat engine (need some n
umbers).
EV’s can use regenerative stopping (regain 30%
of energy used, theoretically).
As mentioned already, HEV’s are more environ
mentally friendly and the oil supplies for conventi
onal vehicles are being depleted.
Basic Structure of a Hybrid Vehicle
The batteries in a hybrid car are the energy storage device for the ele
ctric motor. Unlike the gasoline in the fuel tank, which can only power the g
asoline engine, the electric motor on a hybrid car can put energy into the b
atteries as well as draw energy from them.
Structure of the Hybrid Design
Series
This is called a series hybrid sys
tem because the power flows to the w
heels in series. A series hybrid system
can run a small-output engine in the ef
ficient operating region relatively steadi
ly, generate and supply electricity to th
e electric motor and efficiently charge t
he battery. This system is being used i
n the Coaster Hybrid.
Parallel
In a parallel hybrid system, both
the engine and the electric motor drive
the wheels, and the drive power from t
hese two sources can be utilized accor
ding to the prevailing conditions. This i
s called a parallel hybrid system becau
se the power flows to the wheels in par
allel.
Structure of the Hybrid Design
Series/parallel hybrid system

This maximizes both series and parallel systems, it has two mo
tors, and depending on the driving conditions, uses only the electric
motor or the driving power from both the electric motor and the engi
ne, in order to achieve the highest efficiency level. This is the syste
m used in the Prius and the Estima Hybrid.
Current Areas of Research
Current research focusing on maximizing t

he efficiency
Reduce Mass.
Decrease material and manufacturing costs.
Improving the Hardware.
Battery – alternatives to/maximizing the nickel-metal
hydride currently in use.
The Nickel Metal Hydride Battery
The Benefits
hold twice as much energy as lead batteries
have a longer life cycle
require no maintenance
the materials in them are far less toxic than the materials in regular
car batteries.
The Disadvantages
they can be heavy and bulky
High price- as much as $5000.
With sudden boom of hybrid cars, there is a supply shortage.
The PNGV
1. The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles was established in 1993,
with the following agenda:
2. PNGV goals must be achieved without sacrificing key vehicle perform

ance, safety, emissions, size, and economic criteria. The primary requireme
nts for the PNGV vehicle are as follows (in abbreviated form):
A three-fold improvement in vehicle fuel economy to 35 km/l (83 mpg).
A vehicle range of 612 km (380 miles).
Acceleration from 0-97 km/h in 12 seconds (0-60 mph in 12 seconds).
Attain a maximum speed of 137 km/h (85 mph).
Climb a 6.5% grade at 89 km/h (55 mph) for 20 minutes.
Achieve drive away power in 5 seconds and full power in 2 minutes.
Must meet FMVSS safety requirements and EPA Tier II emissions standard
s.
Purchase price equivalent to today's family sedan.
Today’s Market
Make/model MPG Cost

Honda Civic 48 $20,650
Honda Insight 57 $20,380
Honda Accord 37 $30,000
Toyota Prius 60 $20,295
Ford Escape SUV 36 $27,180
GMC Sierra truck 21 $37,400
The New Cars of Today

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SEMINAR ON ELECTRIC VE

CHILE AND HYBRID ELECT

Why does society need/want hybrid and el

Series/parallel hybrid system

Current research focusing on maximizing t

2. PNGV goals must be achieved without sacrificing key vehicle perform

Make/model MPG Cost

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