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    Aryan Shriva
    Hydraulic machines convert between hydraulic energy (energy of water) and mechanical energy. They are classified based on how energy is transferred and direction of fluid flow. Turbines convert hydraulic energy to mechanical energy by decreasing fluid pressure, while pumps increase fluid pressure by adding mechanical energy. Common turbine types include Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines which differ in flow direction. Common pumps include centrifugal pumps which use centrifugal force to increase pressure and gear pumps which use meshed gears to trap and move fluid. Hydraulic machines have many applications including power generation and fluid transfer.

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    1

    Uploaded by

    Aryan Shriva
    443 views19 pages
    Hydraulic machines convert between hydraulic energy (energy of water) and mechanical energy. They are classified based on how energy is transferred and direction of fluid flow. Turbines convert hydraulic energy to mechanical energy by decreasing fluid pressure, while pumps increase fluid pressure by adding mechanical energy. Common turbine types include Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines which differ in flow direction. Common pumps include centrifugal pumps which use centrifugal force to increase pressure and gear pumps which use meshed gears to trap and move fluid. Hydraulic machines have many applications including power generation and fluid transfer.

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    Hydraulic machines convert between hydraulic energy (energy of water) and mechanical energy. They are classified based on how energy is transferred and direction of fluid flow. Turbines convert hydraulic energy to mechanical energy by decreasing fluid pressure, while pumps increase fluid pressure by adding mechanical energy. Common turbine types include Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines which differ in flow direction. Common pumps include centrifugal pumps which use centrifugal force to increase pressure and gear pumps which use meshed gears to trap and move fluid. Hydraulic machines have many applications including power generation and fluid transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    443 views19 pages

    1

    Uploaded by

    Aryan Shriva
    Hydraulic machines convert between hydraulic energy (energy of water) and mechanical energy. They are classified based on how energy is transferred and direction of fluid flow. Turbines convert hydraulic energy to mechanical energy by decreasing fluid pressure, while pumps increase fluid pressure by adding mechanical energy. Common turbine types include Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines which differ in flow direction. Common pumps include centrifugal pumps which use centrifugal force to increase pressure and gear pumps which use meshed gears to trap and move fluid. Hydraulic machines have many applications including power generation and fluid transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    HYDRAULIC

    MACHINE
    SUBMITTED BY
    ARYAN SHRIVA
    1741018079
    MECHANICAL -B
    What is hydraulic machine?
    • Hydraulic machines are defined as those machines which convert hydraulic
    energy ( energy possessed by water) to mechanical energy (P.E+ K.E) or
    mechanical energy to hydraulic energy.
    Hydraulic machines may be classified as:-
    According to energy consideration

    • Machines that supply energy to fluid (Pump, Compressor and Blower).

    • An increase in pressure takes place in pumps.

    • Machines that extract energy from the fluid(Turbines and Engines).

    • A decrease in pressure takes place in turbines.


    Based on direction of flow
    • Axial flow

    • Radial flow

    • Mixed flow

    • Tangential flow

    Based on the manner of the transmission of energy


    • Kinetic displacement (centrifugal pumps& turbines)

    • Positive displacement(Reciprocating pumps)


    HYDRAULIC MACHINE ARE
    CLASSIFIED AS:-
    • TURBINES

    • PUMPS
    TURBINES
    • Turbines are devices that converts the energy of fluid into mechanical energy.

    • The fluid can be water or steam.

    • The energy of the water can be in the form of potential or kinetic energy.

    • Steam turbine and gas turbine uses the thermal energy of steam.
    General Classification of Turbines
    1. TYPES OF ENERGY AT INLET
    (a) Impulse turbine (b)Reaction turbine

    2. Direction of flow through runner


    (a) Axial flow (b) Tangential flow (c) Radial flow (d) Mixed flow

    3.Head of the inlet turbine


    (a)High head (b) medium head (c) low head

    4. Specific speed of turbine


    (a)High Specific speed of turbine (b) medium Specific speed of turbine (c) low Specific
    speed of turbine
    Pelton Wheel Turbine
    • Pelton Turbine is a Tangential flow impulse turbine in which the pressure
    energy of water is converted into kinetic energy to form high speed water jet
    and this jet strikes the wheel tangentially to make it rotate. It is also called
    as Pelton Wheel.
    PELTON TURBINE

    WORKING OF PELTON WHEEL


    TURBINE
    Francis Turbine
    • It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow
    concepts.
    Kaplan Turbine
    • The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable
    blades

    • The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable


    blades
    Kaplan Turbine
    Applications of turbines
    • Steam turbines are used for the generation of electricity in thermal power
    plants, such as plants using coal, fuel oil or nuclear fuel

    • Hydraulic turbines are used for the generation of electricity in hydraulic


    power plants using natural flow water.
    Pumps
    • A pump is a device used to move liquids or gases from lower pressure to
    higher pressure by adding energy to the system.

    Mechanical energy Hydraulic energy


    Pumps classification
    Centrifugal pumps
    • The hydraulic machine converts the mechanical energy to pressure energy by means of a centrifugal
    force acting on the fluid are called centrifugal pump.

    Components of centrifugal pumps are:

    • Impeller

    • Volute casing

    • Suction and delivery pipes


    Centrifugal pumps
    Gear pump
    • This is the simplest of rotary positive displacement pumps. It consists of
    two meshed gears that rotate in a closely fitted casing. The tooth spaces trap
    fluid and force it around the outer periphery. The fluid does not travel back
    on the meshed part, because the teeth mesh closely in the center. Gear
    pumps see wide use in car engine oil pumps and in various hydraulic power
    packs
    GEAR PUMP

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