PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Nature of Inquiry and Research

“The improvement of our way of life is brought about by research.”
-Unknown

“The common facts of today are the products of yesterday’s research.”

-MacDonald

“Research means that you don’t know, but are willing to find out.”
-Kettering

“Research is an organized method for keeping you reasonably

dissatisfied with what you have.”
-Kettering
RESEARCH
Suggest an action that denotes “to
look for something again”
Prefix “re-” – means “again”
Information to prove the accuracy or
truthfulness of your claims or
conclusions about the topic of your
research.
RESEARCH
A tool for global solution to man’s
problem
An endeavor to expand understanding
of different situations and giving
positive answers to certain questions
Nature & Importance
Research is a systematic process of solving
a problem or finding answers to an inquiry.
It is an organized method of finding or
relatively new ideas from the existing body
of knowledge with the help of useful tool
for the purpose of improving the quality of
life.
Why We Must Learn Research?

o help make informed decisions

o need to produce research in career
o evaluating research in the media
o assist in classes
o a valued source of knowledge
 The Nature of Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is the collection, analysis,
and interpretation of comprehensive
narrative data in order to gain insights into a
particular phenomenon of interest.
Useful for describing and answering
questions about participants and contexts
Purpose of qualitative research
 Promote a deep, holistic understanding of
a particular phenomenon
Importance of exploring qualitative topics
Provide insight into the complexity of
common occurrences
Provide specific concrete details to guide
understanding in a particular setting
Provide insight into the “local” meanings
that activities and practices have for
participants
Develop a comparative understanding of
phenomena as experienced by different
participants in different settings
Six General Steps
Identify the research topic
Review the literature
Select the participants
Collect data
Analyze the data
Report the results
 These are the same steps as those used in
quantitative research
 Purposes of Studying Research
 To orient students to the nature of educational
research; its purposes, forms and importance
 To provide information which helps students become
more intelligent consumers of educational research;
where to locate it, how to understand it, and critique it
 To provide information on the fundamentals of doing
educational research such as selecting a problem,
using available tools, organizing a project, etc.
 To generate new theories, confirm existing ones or
disapprove them, for example, the role of punishment
in discipline.
Importance of Research
o To determine the accuracy or otherwise
validity of popular beliefs, and practices
by submitting them to systematic scrutiny.
o To enhance, modify or refine our
knowledge of phenomenon or various
theories
o To generate new concepts and
explanations of existing rules and policies,
beliefs and practices.
o To find answers to particular existing
questions through investigation
o To evaluate the findings of other
researches/studies or build on where
they stopped
o To bring the legacy left behind by early
scholars as well as the contributions of
modern scholars to the limelight
o To seek validation or improvement for
religious doctrines and practices,
social interactions, economic
improvement, politics, ideology, etc.,
to enhance quality of ordinary and
spiritual life of man.
o To collect and analyze data which
will enable us provide information
and advice to policy (or decisions)
makers.
 Why Research is important in our
daily life?
o Its describes what is happening around us and to open up our
mind in our surroundings. through this, we get to know what
people think, what people feel, and what people doing.
o Its explain why things happen in certain ways, through this we
understand different situations in our lives and help s identify.
o Its predict what will happen. Through his, we got to caution
ourselves in doing or not doing something.
o Its evaluate what happen in our lives, to face our reality.
o Research is important because it helps us to solve our problems.
Its provides us relevant data our own opinion
 Ethics of Research
Rights – relevant legal and common
practice rights
Distress – to any person, regardless of
‘legality’
Fairness – in selection, conduct and
reporting
Clarity – intended outcomes should be
transparent to participants
 Ethics of Research
Safeguard – vulnerable participants may need
special care
Protect – avoid unnecessary harm to the
environment, documents, species or artifacts

“What You Research, How You Research, What You Do

With Research always remember the Ethics of Research”
Characteristics of Successful Research/er
 Wide-reading (wide variety of readings
 Thorough Understanding (attentive to accuracy
and detail)
 Independent Opinion (not merely just based on
your opinions; seeks for other expert opinions)
 Originality (it can merely be new to the research
situation or the discipline)
 Effectiveness (a measure of the extent to which
specific intervention, procedure, resources or
service)
WHAT IS TO LOOK FOR IN THE RESEARCH
PROCESS?

o New ideas
LOOK o At something at a different perspective
using a new investigative lens (study)

IMPROVE o Certain processes

WHAT IS TO LOOK FOR IN THE RESEARCH
PROCESS?

CREATE o Something useful out of something old

EXPLAIN o A series of observations

 “Most of the society’s major
problems are resolved, needs are
satisfied, and demands are met.”
Aims of Research
Verification of Existing Knowledge
 Proving/verifying the veracity of existing theories
or knowledge

Acquisition of New Knowledge

 Brings forth new ideas regarding a theory or even
create a totally new theory
 Aims of Research
Application of New Knowledge
Utilize and translate to something useful to
humankind

Advancement of the Researcher’s Expertise

Gain relevant experiences that enhance and
deepen their knowledge and skills in the area of
their investigations
Characteristics of Research
ACCURACY
-gives correct or accurate data.

OBJECTIVITY
-deals with facts not opinion

TIMELINESS
-fresh, new and interesting to the present society
Characteristics of Research
RELEVANCE
-instrumental in improving society or in solving problems

CLARITY

-Uses simple,direct, and correct language

SYSTEMATIC
-takes places in organized.
 Sample Research Topics
“Suicide Survivors: Rising from the Fall” (Grounded
Theory)

“Pillows, Pleasures and Pains: Teenage Pregnancy

among Out-of School Youth” (Phenomenological)

“An investigation into the reasons of the global

financial and economic crisis of 2008” (Case Study)
 Sample Research Topics
“A Twinkle in their Wrinkle: An Ethnography of
Seasoned Educators” (Ethnographic)

“Garbage to Gobar – Dumpsite to Goldmine:

Proposed Solid Waste Management Recovery
Program” (Descriptive Exploratory)

“The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos Administration

to our Economic State” (Historical)
 Types of
Qualitative
Research Designs
Grounded Theory - research method in which the
theory is developed from the data. That makes this is
an inductive approach, meaning that it moves from
the specific to the more general.
It is a systematic procedure of data analysis,
typically associated with qualitative research, that
allows researchers to develop a theory that explains
a specific phenomenon. Grounded theory was
developed by Glaser and Strauss and is used to
conceptualize phenomenon using research;
grounded theory is not seen as a descriptive
method and originates from sociology. The unit of
analysis in grounded theory is a specific
phenomenon or incident, not individual behaviors.
Phenomenological - is an approach to qualitative
research that focuses on the commonality of a lived
experience within a particular group. The fundamental
goal of the approach is to arrive at a description of the
nature of the particular phenomenon (Creswell, 2013).
 Used to identify phenomena and focus on subjective
experiences and understanding the structure of those
lived experiences. It was founded in the early 20th
century by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heideggar and
originated from philosophy. Phenomenology is used to
describe, in depth, the common characteristics of the
phenomena that has occurred. The primary data
collection method is through in-depth interviews.
 Ethnographic - a qualitative method where researchers
observe and/or interact with a study's participants in
their real-life environment.
 Qualitative procedures utilized to describe, analyze and
interpret a culture’s characteristics. Ethnography was
developed in the 19thand 20th centuries and used by
anthropologists to explore primitive cultures different
from their own; it originated from Anthropology.
Ethnography is used when a researcher wants to study
a group of people to gain a larger understanding of
their lives or specific aspects of their lives. The primary
data collection method is through observation over an
extended period of time. It would also be appropriate
to interview others who have studied the same cultures.
Case Studies - believed to have originated in
1829 by Frederic Le Play. Case studies are
rooted in several disciplines, including science,
education, medicine, and law. Case studies
are to be used when (1) the researcher wants to
focus on how and why, (2) the behavior is to be
observed, not manipulated, (3) to further
understand a given phenomenon, and (4) if the
boundaries between the context and
phenomena are not clear. Multiple methods
can be used to gather data, including
interviews, observation, and historical
documentation.
 Historical - Analyzing the past events and develops the
present concept and conclusion. Analyzing the previous
information or events minutely and testing their validity.
The purpose of a historical research design is to collect,
verify, and synthesize evidence from the past to establish
facts that defend or refute a hypothesis. Describes what
occurred in the past.
 Characteristics Historical research involves the careful
study and analysis of data about past events. It is a critical
investigation of events, their development, experiences of
past. The purpose is to gain a clearer understanding of
the impact of past on present and future events related to
life process. Involves the review of written materials but
may include oral documentation as well.
Exploratory – is a research conducted for
a problem that has not been studied
more clearly, intended to establish and
demand priorities, develop operational
definitions and provides a better
research model. It focuses on explaining
the aspects of your study in a detailed
manner.
Come up with at least 3 research
titles. Have a group deliberation.