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    Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell Division

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    Lovely Batongbakal
    Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis produces four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells and is used to form gametes for sexual reproduction. The key differences are that mitosis results in diploid cells while meiosis results in haploid cells, and mitosis produces identical daughter cells while meiosis undergoes two divisions to produce genetic variation in gametes.

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    Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell Division

    Uploaded by

    Lovely Batongbakal
    43 views19 pages
    Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis produces four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells and is used to form gametes for sexual reproduction. The key differences are that mitosis results in diploid cells while meiosis results in haploid cells, and mitosis produces identical daughter cells while meiosis undergoes two divisions to produce genetic variation in gametes.

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    mitosis and meiosis

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    2018Mitosis vs Meiosis

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    Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis produces four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells and is used to form gametes for sexual reproduction. The key differences are that mitosis results in diploid cells while meiosis results in haploid cells, and mitosis produces identical daughter cells while meiosis undergoes two divisions to produce genetic variation in gametes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    43 views19 pages

    Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell Division

    Uploaded by

    Lovely Batongbakal
    Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis produces four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells and is used to form gametes for sexual reproduction. The key differences are that mitosis results in diploid cells while meiosis results in haploid cells, and mitosis produces identical daughter cells while meiosis undergoes two divisions to produce genetic variation in gametes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Mitosis and Meiosis

    Cell Division
    Why Do Cells Divide?

    For growth, repair, and


    reproduction
    Mitosis
    • Organisms grow by the
    addition of cells
    • In multicellular organism some
    of these cells perform
    functions different from other
    cells.
    • The process of a cell
    becoming different is
    differentiation.
    • Under normal conditions
    once an animal cell becomes
    specialized it can no longer
    form an entire organism,
    however plant cells are
    totipotent and any cell can
    form an entire plant.
    When do cells divide?
    • Most limiting factor in size is
    the size of the cell
    membrane.
    –Cells must obtain nutrients
    –as volume increases, cell
    surface area does not
    increase as greatly
    –larger cells require a larger
    Cell Division vs. Nuclear
    Division
    • Cytokinesis: The actual division of the cell
    into two new cells.

    • Mitosis: The division of the nucleus of the


    cell into two new nuclei.

    • Note: Sometimes cells go through mitosis


    without going through cytokinesis. Describe
    a cell that did this.
    Terminology

    • Chromatin - thin fibrous form


    of DNA and proteins
    • Sister chromatids- identical
    structures that result from
    chromosome replication,
    formed during S phase
    Gamete Formation
    Mitosis vs.
    Meiosis
    Mitosis Meiosis
    Meiosis
    Based on the diagram,

    The difference between mitosis and meiosis is


    that mitosis produces two identical daughter
    cells and meiosis produces four genetically
    different daughter cells
    Mitosis Parent cell
    Meiosis
    Diploid (2n)

    Parent cell
    Diploid (2n)
    1st division 1st division
    Diploid (2n) Diploid (2n)

    2nd division 2nd division


    Daughter cell Daughter cell
    Haploid (n) Haploid (n)

    Daughter cell Daughter cell


    Diploid (2n) Diploid (2n)
    2nd division 2nd division
    Daughter cell Daughter cell
    Haploid (n)
    Haploid (n)
    The numbers
    • The cells created from mitosis are diploid or 2n.

    • The cells created from meiosis are haploid or n

    Definitions:

    • Diploid (2n) – two of each type of chromosome


    (in homologous pair – carry the same trait)

    • Haploid (n) – one of each type of chromosome


    Let’s try it…

    • Human cells have 46 chromosomes.

    • Therefore, the diploid number (2n) of


    chromosomes in humans is 46.

    • The haploid number (n) of chromosomes in


    humans is 23.
    The reason why:
    mitosis

    • To replace other cells that have been


    damaged or worn out

    • To allow multicellular organisms to grow

    • For asexual reproduction

    • Because they get too big!


    The reason why:
    meiosis

    • Meiosis results in four cells with half the


    number of chromosomes so that when the
    sex cells (sperm and egg) combine, the
    original or normal number of chromosomes
    will be restored
    One last thing… [the]
    where?

    • Mitosis occurs in normal body cells (i.e.


    skin cells), and meiosis occurs in sex cells
    (i.e. sperm and egg) only.
    The verdict
    • Lets see mitosis and meiosis in action!

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