Chinese Garden: Landscape Architecture Done By: Swetha.S Zabarjed Reem Vu Arya

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
DONE BY:
CHINESE GARDEN
SWETHA.S
ZABARJED
REEM VU
ARYA
INTRODUCTION
 The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which

has evolved over three thousand years.
 It includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese
emperors and members of the imperial family, built for
pleasure and to impress, and the more intimate
gardens created by scholars, poets, former
government officials, soldiers and merchants, made
for reflection and escape from the outside world.
 They create an idealized miniature landscape, which
is meant to express the harmony that should exist
between man and nature.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES:
A typical Chinese garden has the following

characteristic features:
 Enclosed by walls and includes one or more ponds,
rock works, trees and flowers, and
 an assortment of halls and pavilions within the
garden, connected by winding paths and zigzag
galleries.
 By moving from structure to structure, visitors can view
a series of carefully composed scenes, unrolling like a
scroll of landscape paintings.
 Courtyards . Gardens contain small enclosed court courtyards, offering quiet and
solitude for meditation, painting, drinking tea, or playing on the cithare.
 Galleries are narrow covered corridors which connect the buildings, protect the
visitors from the rain and sun, and also help divide the garden into different
sections.
 Windows and doors are an important architectural feature of the Chinese garden.
Sometimes they are round (moon windows or a moon gate) or oval, hexagonal or
octagonal, or in the shape of a vase or a piece of fruit. Sometimes they have highly
ornamental ceramic frames. The window may carefully frame a branch of a pine
tree, or a plum tree in blossom, or another intimate garden scene.
 Bridges are another common feature of the Chinese garden. Like the galleries, they
are rarely straight, but zigzag (called the Nine-turn bridges) or arch over the ponds,
suggesting the bridges of rural China, and providing view points of the garden.
 The artificial mountain or rock garden is an integral element of Chinese classical
gardens. The mountain peak was a symbol of virtue, stability and endurance in
Confucian philosophy and in the I Ching.] A mountain peak on an island was also a
central part of the legend of the Isles of the Immortals, and thus became a central
element in many classical gardens.
 A pond or lake is the central element of a Chinese garden. The main buildings are
usually placed beside it, and pavilions surround the lake to see it from different
points of view. The garden usually has a pond for lotus flowers, with a special
pavilion for viewing them. There are usually goldfish in the pond, with pavilions over
the water for viewing them.
Classical gardens traditionally have these structures:
 The ceremony hall or “room”. A building used for family
celebrations or ceremonies, usually with an interior courtyard,
not far from the entrance gate.
 The principal pavilion or “large room”, for the reception of
guests, for banquets and for celebrating holidays, such as
New Years and the Festival of Lanterns. It often has a veranda
around the building to provide cool and shade.
 The pavilion of flowers , or “flower room”. Located near the
residence, this building has a rear courtyard filled with flowers,
plants, and a small rock garden.
 The pavilion facing the four directions or “four doors room”.
This building has folding or movable walls, for opening up a
panoramic view of the garden.
 The lotus pavilion or “lotus room”. Built next to a lotus pond, to
see the flowers bloom and appreciate their aroma.
 The pavilion of mandarin ducks or “mandarin ducks room”.
This building is divided into two sections; one facing north used
in summer, facing a lotus pond which provided cool air; and
the southern part used in winter, with a courtyard planted with
pine trees, which remained evergreen, and plum trees, whose
blossoms announced the arrival of spring.
HISTORY:
 The earliest recorded Chinese gardens were created

in the valley of the Yellow River, during the Shang
Dynasty (1600–1046 BC).
 These gardens were large enclosed parks where the
kings and nobles hunted game, or where fruit and
vegetables were grown.
 The history of Chinese garden architecture can be traced back to the
Shang and Zhou dynasties (16th century BC - 221 BC) .
 Somewhere between 206 BC and 220 BC, the Han Dynasty advanced
the concept of these 'Natural Gardens' by adding living quarters and
adding animals that were raised and considered to be the rudiment
of Chinese garden architecture.
 Traditional Chinese Garden architecture in the real sense first
appeared in the Tang Dynasty somewhere between 618 AD and 907
AD.
 During this era, the construction of beautiful architecture evolved into
what would include man-made hills, pools and fountains.
 As time went on, and craftsman became more accomplished, this
man-made beauty was able to successfully blend in well with the
beauty of the natural environment.
 The Ming Dynasty (1368 AD - 1644 AD) followed by the
Qing Dynasty (1644 AD - 1911 AD) saw the heyday of
Chinese garden architecture.
 Especially in the Qing Dynasty, emperors collected
skillful craftsmen from all over the country to create
even more elaborate gardens.
 Gardens in this period were no longer merely places
for fun, but also served as areas where more formal
ceremonies could take place such as holding court,
hosting banquets, pursuing studies, producing
theatrical activities, and to provide a setting where
people could worship.
 A famous royal garden of the late Shang dynasty was the Terrace,
Pond and Park of the Spirit built by King Wenwang wes.
 Another early royal garden was Shaqui, or the Dunes of Sand,
built by the last Shang ruler, King Zhou (1075–1046 BC). It was
composed of an earth terrace, or tai, which served as an
observation platform in the center of a large square park. t of his
capital city, Yin.
Yuyu garden
 Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai
(created in 1559) shows all
the elements of a classical
Chinese garden – water,
architecture, vegetation, and
rocks.
ELEMENTS:
 Yu Garden is small in size, but it contains all elements that a classical
Chinese garden should have. The pavilions, halls, rockeries, ponds and
cloisters all have unique characteristics. There are some highlights in the
garden that you can't miss.
 Great Rockery
Upon entering Yu Garden, you will encounter a rockery, which is called
the Great Rockery. With a height of 14 meters (about 50 feet), it is the
largest as well as the oldest rockery in the southern region of the Yangtze
River. On the top of the rockery, you can get a bird's eye view of the
garden.
 Cuixiu Hall
Cuixiu Hall sits at the foot of the Great Rockery. It is a quiet and elegant
place surrounded by old trees and beautiful flowers. Visitors can find
curio shops in the Cuixiu Hall.
Sansui Hall
 Sansui Hall was originally used to entertain guests. Later it became
a place to hold ceremonies for the gentlemen and bookmen.
 With a height of nine meters (about 30 feet) and featuring five halls, it
is the most commodious structure in the garden.
Wanhua Chamber
 Wanhua Chamber is a delicate building surrounded by derious
cloisters. Spring bamboos grow beside the cloisters.
 In front of Wanhua Chamber, there are two old trees.
 One is a ginkgo which is 21 meters tall (about 70 feet).
 It is said that the tree was planted by the owner of Yu Garden 400
years ago.
Exquisite Jade Rock
 The true treasure of Yuyuan is the Exquisite Jade Rock, one of the
three most famous rockeries in south China.
 The rock is 3.3 meters (about 10.8 feet) in height and has 72 holes.
What is interesting about this rock is that if you burn a joss stick just
below the rock, the smoke will magically float out from all of the
holes.
 Similarly, when you pour water into the rock from top, the water will
flow out from each hole creating a spectacular sight .
 The furnishings in the hall were made of top grade rosewood of the
Ming Dynasty, appearing both natural and graceful.
Ornamental
window
frame for
garden-
viewing in
Yuyuan
Garden,
Shanghai
 EXAMPLES OF CHINESE GARDENS:
Suzhou gardens Lan su gardens
THANK
YOU!!

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

 The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which

A typical Chinese garden has the following

 The earliest recorded Chinese gardens were created

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