OCEAN AND COASTALTIDE

Dr. rer nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Theoretical Background
Definition
The Equilibrium Theory of Tide
Influence of Moon’s and Sun’s Position on Tide
The Dynamic Theory of Tide

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Tides in Indonesia

1. 0 0
Tanjung Priok S e m a ra n g Rembang
0. 7 5

0. 5 0

0. 2 5
.
WL(m)

0. 0 0

-0.25

-0.50

-0.75

-1.00
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Time

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Tides in Indonesia

1. 0 0
Nias S u n d a Strait Cilacap
0. 7 5

0. 5 0

0. 2 5
.
WL(m)

0. 0 0

-0.25

-0.50

-0.75

-1.00
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Time

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Tides in Indonesia
1.50
Sibolga Pemangkat B al i k papan

1.00

0.50
.
WL(m)

0.00

-0.50

-1.00

-1.50
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Time

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Tides in Indonesia
2.50
Hal m ahera Manok wari Merauke
2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50
.
WL(m)

0.00

-0.50

-1.00

-1.50

-2.00

-2.50
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Time

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 General Definition on Tide
Relative movement of materials in the planets, natural
satellites, stars or other celestial bodies due to the
gravity of other celestial bodies

Three Types of Tide

Ocean Tide  Water ( 1m)
Earth Tide  Solid ( 1mm)
Atmospheric Tide  Air ( 10 - 100 m)

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Tide Definition in Hydrography
Variation of sea level due to the gravity force
due to mutual attraction between the earth/moon and
earth/sun systems

Importance of Tide
Depth Reduction
Coastal Engineering
Scientific Research
Marine and Coastal Dynamics

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Planning of a Harbour

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Study of Tidal Currents

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Biotic Intertidal
Zone

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Tidal Changes
Flood Tide – Rising of Water
Ebb Tide – Falling of Water
Tidal Currents – Currents related to the tidal motion
Slack Water

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Equilibrium Theory of Tide
A surface resulting from the
effects of tidal forcing and earth’s rotation, which is
coincident with the tidal bulge; if there were no
other forces acting, the sea surface would take the
shape of the equilibrium tide

Tidal Forces
Earth – Moon System
Earth – Sun System
Earth – Moon – Sun System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Equilibrium Theory of Tide
Adopted from Newton’s Law on Gravity

m1m2
F21   G 2
rˆ12
r 12

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

tractive force
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon - Sun System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon - Sun System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon - Sun System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Earth – Moon - Sun System

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 The Facts of Equilibrium Theory of Tide
In reality, equilibrium tide conditions are never present in
the real due to some facts:
Tides propagate as shallow water waves
Earth rotation is faster than the ability of water mass
to achieve equilibrium condition
The presence of lands
The presence of Coriolis effect

Dynamical tide theory are introduced to accommodate

these facts in the explanation of ocean and coastal
tidal phenomena
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Dynamical Theory of Tide
Starts to be developed ca. XVIII Century by some scientists
and mathematicians such as Bernoulli, Euler and Laplace.
The dynamical theory of tide is considering:
Coastal Shapes
Coriolis Force
Inertial Forces
Seafloor Frictions

AMPHIDROMIC SYSTEMS
Amphidromic point
Co-tidal lines
Co-range lines
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Dynamical Theory of Tide

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Dynamical Theory of Tide

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Dynamical Theory of Tide

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Dynamical Theory of Tide

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Dynamical Theory of Tide

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Dynamical Theory of Tide

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Conclusions
• Equilibrium theory explains
• spring neap tide series
• diurnal, semidiurnal and mixed semidiurnal tides
• Dynamical theory explains
• rotary motion of tides
• why coastal regions experience larger tides than
open ocean regions

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung