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9th Asian Physics Symposium 2021 (APS 2021) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243 (2022) 012019 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012019

Love Wave Group Velocity Extraction

Using Ambient Noise Tomography in West Java, Indonesia

N Luthfiyani1, S Rosalia2, T Yudistira2, S Widiyantoro2, and A N T Puspito2

1
Master Program of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum
Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132,
Indonesia.
2
Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.

Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]

Abstract. West Java, Indonesia, is located in the northern part of the subduction zone
between the Australian and Eurasian plates, with a complex tectonic setting and high
seismicity level. In 2016, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) and Australia National
University (ANU) deployed 85 temporary seismometers to investigate this area. We
constructed the shallow crust profile by applying the Ambient Noise Tomography
(ANT) method to improve our knowledge of the tectonic condition in West Java. In
this research, we used the north-south (NS) and east-west (EW) components to extract
the Love waves Green’s function. We first rotated the NS and EW daily data series to
obtain the transverse component. We then pre-processed the transverse daily data and
applied cross-correlation to all station pair data. The daily cross-correlated data is
stacked to obtain the Love waves Green’s function. The Green’s function in this study
is clearly seen in the 1-25 s period band. The obtained Green’s function will be
analyzed further to get the Love waves group velocity which then will be inverted to
obtain the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile beneath the study area.

1. Introduction
The western part of Java is located in the northern part of the subduction zone between the Eurasian
and Australian plates, which is considered a seismically active area. This area has several active faults,
such as Cimandiri, Lembang, and Baribis Faults [1]. This region has also been hit by major
earthquakes, which caused building damages [2][3], and some of those cases are followed by tsunami
[4][5]. This research area is also one of the most populated regions in Indonesia, consisting of West
Java and Banten Province. According to the Indonesian population census in 2020, West Java
province is populated by almost 50 million people [6]; meanwhile, Banten has around 12 million
people [7]. Those conditions could become potential risks for the individuals living in this area.
Therefore, a crustal study in this area is needed for mitigation purposes.
One of the methods to investigate crustal structure is Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT). This
method has been used in several regions in Indonesia to observe the subsurface structure [8][9]. This
paper will describe the early stage of our study, which is the dispersion curves to obtain the Love
waves group velocity in each period in the West Java region.

2. Data and Method

We used 27 temporary stations from collaboration research between Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
and Australia National University (ANU) in 2016, shown in Figure 1. The deployment was divided
into 3 phases according to the deployment area (see Figure 1); WJA stations were deployed in the
western part of the research area, WJB stations were in southern West Java, and WJC were in northern

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9th Asian Physics Symposium 2021 (APS 2021) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243 (2022) 012019 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012019

West Java. They recorded between June and December 2016 with 2 to 8 weeks’ time span for each
installation.

Figure 1. Stations distribution in the research area.

Figure 2. Empirical Green’s Function (EGF) Figure 3. Empirical Green’s Function (EGF)
of station WJB05 with the station pairs. of station WJC03 with the station pairs.

For data processing, we first resampled the daily data to 20 Hz and rotated it to get the transverse
component. We used the common procedure for each pair station to obtain the Empirical Green’s
Function (EGF) [10]. It has 4 phases of single data preparation, which began with instrument response
removal, resampled the daily data again to 10 Hz, de-mean, de-trend, bandpass filter, one-bit time-
domain normalization, and spectral whitening for daily data. We applied 1-25s multiple period
bandpass filters in the single data preparation process. The process continued with cross-correlation in
the frequency domain with 300 s lag time to obtain the Empirical Green’s Function (EGF). Afterward,
daily cross-correlated data for each pair station was stacked to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
(Figure 2 and Figure 3).
We continued the process by extracting the group velocity of Love waves using frequency-time
analysis (FTAN) which was developed by Yao [11]. In this process, we manually picked the EGFs
with SNR greater than five and interstation distances more than 1.5 wavelengths to obtain good
dispersion curves.

2
9th Asian Physics Symposium 2021 (APS 2021) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243 (2022) 012019 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012019

3. Result and Discussion

The Empirical Green’s Functions (EGFs) obtained from the cross-correlation process of WJB station
pairs (Figure 2) show a clearer “V” shaped image than the WJC station pairs (Figure 3). The
difference that occurred might be due to the different conditions underneath the WJB and WJC
stations and the noise level in this area. The WJB stations’ location has more compact rocks than the
northern part where WJC stations were placed. Moreover, the WJC stations were placed near Pantura
Road, a very active transportation road connecting West Java and East Java, which could cause a high
anthropogenic noise level.

Figure 4. Selected dispersion curve for all WJB station pairs with value ranges
from 1 to 4 km/s.

We used the method developed by Yao [11] to extract the dispersion curve from each station pair
cross-correlation. From 985 cross-correlation products, we selected 391 dispersion. The dispersion
curve showed that the group velocity ranged from 1 to 3.5 km/s with a period band of 0.5 to 30 s
curves (Figure 4). The short period in the dispersion curve indicates that the shallow subsurface
structure might have a higher resolution than the deeper structure due to the number of data. Based on
the dispersion curve in Figure 4, we could hypothesize that the lower group velocity might correlate
with the sediment layer. In comparison, the higher group velocity could show more compact and dense
rock beneath the research area. For further study, we will perform the group velocity inversion to
understand better the subsurface beneath the study area.

4. Conclusion
In this preliminary study, we obtained the Love waves group velocity from cross-correlating the
transverse component of ambient noise data in the western part of Java. The EGF is at a period band of
1-25 s and showed a clear “V” shaped pattern for WJB. The group velocity ranged from 1-3.5 km/s.
The short-period group velocity indicated the sediment layer; meanwhile, the long period might be
correlated with the more compact and dense rocks beneath the research area.

3
9th Asian Physics Symposium 2021 (APS 2021) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243 (2022) 012019 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012019

Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Prof. Andri Dian Nugraha for providing advice, discussion, and support
through the research and the writing of this article.

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