Lect15 Multiparticle Sys

PHYS 172: Modern Mechanics Summer 2012
Lecture 15 – Multiparticle Systems Read 9.1 – 9.2

Quantizing two interacting atoms
Classical harmonic oscillator: Quantum harmonic oscillator:
U = (1/2)kss2 U = (1/2)kss2
E2 = 2 w0 + E0
E1 = w0 + E0
ks
w0 = E0 = 12 w 0
m ground state
equidistant spacing
E = 12 mv 2 + 12 kx 2 = 12 kAmax
2 w0 = k s / m
h -
= = 1.05 ｴ10 34 J s
Any value of A is allowed 2p
And any E is possible.
Energy levels:
EN = N w 0 + 12 w 0
Time to Throw Things
BALL
BATON
We need to understand Center of Mass

The Center of Mass
This is a weighted average

of the positions -- each position
appears in proportion
to its mass
where
The Center of Mass
m1r1 + m2r2 + m3 r3 + …
rcm =
m1 + m2 + m3 + …
r3
r1
rcm
r2
Motion of the Center of Mass
1) Take one time derivative:
Same as:
(Good!)
1) Take a second time derivative:
This says that the motion of the center of mass looks just like what would
happen if all forces were applied to the total mass, as a point particle
located at the center of mass position!
This says that the motion of the

center of mass looks just like what
would happen if all forces were
applied to the total mass, as a point
particle located at the center of
mass position.
dPtotal
F ne t ,ex t =M tota la cm =
dt
Center of Mass
Center of Mass Motion
Same Tension.
Which puck will move faster?
dPtot
» M acm = Fnet ,surr
dt
The centers of mass experience
the same acceleration!
HOWEVER: Hand #2 has to pull the string farther: W2 > W1.

Where does this energy go?
Rotational energy. The bottom spool is spinning.
Question for Discussion
Question for Discussion
Clicker Question
Through what distance did the force act on the Point Particle system?
Equal masses
A) 0.03 m B) 0.04 m C) 0.07 m D) 0.08 m E) 0.10 m

Clicker Question
Through what distance did the force act on the Real system?
Equal masses
A) 0.03 m B) 0.04 m C) 0.07 m D) 0.08 m E) 0.10 m

Clicker Question
Which is the energy equation for the Point Particle system?
Equal masses
A) Ktrans = F*(0.07 m)
B) Ktrans = F*(0.08 m)
C) Ktrans + Kvib + Uspring = F*(0.07 m)
D) Ktrans + Kvib + Uspring = F*(0.08 m)
Kinetic energy of a multiparticle system
Translational, motion of center of mass

Motion of parts relative to center of mass
Ktot = Ktrans + K rel
Krel = Kvib + Krot
Rotation about center of mass

Vibration
Translational kinetic energy
Krel = Kvib + Krot
Translational kinetic energy: MvCM

2
Ptot2
(motion of center of mass) Ktrans = = (nonrelativistic case)
2 2M
Clicker:
A system is initially at rest and consists of a man with a bottle sitting on ice
(ignore friction). The man then throws the bottle away as shown.
The velocity of the center of mass vcm will be:

A) Zero
B) Directed to right
C) Directed to left
dPtot
= Fnet ,ext
dt
http://www.punchstock.com/asset_images/95652058
Translational kinetic energy
Krel = Kvib + Krot
Translational kinetic energy: MvCM

2
(motion of center of mass) Ktrans = (nonrelativistic case)

2
Clicker:
A system is initially at rest and consists of a man with a bottle sitting on ice
(ignore friction). The man then throws a bottle away as shown.
The translational kinetic energy of the system will be:

A) Zero
B) > 0
C) < 0
http://www.punchstock.com/asset_images/95652058
Vibrational kinetic energy
- Net momentum = 0
- Energy is constant (sum of elastic energy
and kinetic energy)
Evib = Kvib + U spring
1 1 2
Etot = Mvcm + K vib + ks + 2mc 2
2
2 2
Rotational kinetic energy
- Net momentum = 0
- Energy is constant
Erot = K rot
Motion around of center of mass
Rotation and vibration
pi
N
pi2 N æ p2 + p 2
ö
K rel =å = å çç tan,i rad ,i
÷÷
i =1 2mi i =1 è 2mi ø
N æ ptan,
2
ö N æ p2 ö
K rel = å çç i
÷÷ + å çç
rad ,i
÷÷
CM i =1 è 2mi ø i =1 è 2mi ø
K rot º K vib º
Rotation and vibration and translation
1 2 1
Etot = Mvcm + K rot + Kvib + ks 2 + 2mc 2
2 2
Gravitational potential energy of a multiparticle system
U g = m1 gy1 + m2 gy2 + m3 gy3 + ...
U g = (m1 y1 + m2 y2 + m3 y3 + ...) g
= Mycm
U g = Mgycm Gravitational
energy near the
Earth’s surface
ycm
Example: Rotation and translation
Ktot = Ktrans + Krot

Assume all mass
is in the rim
1
Mvcm
2
1
2 Mvrel
2
2
1 1
EXAMPLE: Ktot = Mvcm
2
+ Mvrel
2
2 2
Energy principle:
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Mvcm,i + Mvrel ,i + Mgycm,i = Mvcm, f + Mvrel , f + Mgycm, f
2 2 2 2
vcm = vrel
=0 =0
Mg Dycm = Mvcm
2
,f

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PHYS 172: Modern Mechanics Summer 2012

Lecture 15 – Multiparticle Systems Read 9.1 – 9.2

Classical harmonic oscillator: Quantum harmonic oscillator:

We need to understand Center of Mass

This is a weighted average

1) Take one time derivative:

1) Take a second time derivative:

This says that the motion of the

HOWEVER: Hand #2 has to pull the string farther: W2 > W1.

A) 0.03 m B) 0.04 m C) 0.07 m D) 0.08 m E) 0.10 m

A) 0.03 m B) 0.04 m C) 0.07 m D) 0.08 m E) 0.10 m

Translational, motion of center of mass

Ktot = Ktrans + K rel

Krel = Kvib + Krot

Rotation about center of mass

Ktot = Ktrans + K rel

Krel = Kvib + Krot

Translational kinetic energy: MvCM

The velocity of the center of mass vcm will be:

Ktot = Ktrans + K rel

Krel = Kvib + Krot

Translational kinetic energy: MvCM

(motion of center of mass) Ktrans = (nonrelativistic case)

The translational kinetic energy of the system will be:

Evib = Kvib + U spring

Rotation and vibration and translation

U g = m1 gy1 + m2 gy2 + m3 gy3 + ...

Ktot = Ktrans + Krot

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