3G FUNDAMENTALS

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040

 OBJECTIVE
• At the end of the session the trainee will be
able to explain the features of 3G Mobile
networks, its standards and the 3G network
elements.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Contents
• Mobile Generations
• IMT 2000,3GPP
• Evolution Path
• 3G VISION
• 3G Network –Features/services
• UMTS network structure
• 3G Spectrum
• RAN Components
• HSDPA in WCDMA

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Mobile Generations

• 1 G -analog (cellular revolution)

Only mobile voice services

• 2 G - digital (breaking digital barrier)

Mostly for voice services ,supports SMS

• 3 G - Voice & data ( breaking data barrier)

Mainly for data services along with
better quality voice services

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 IMT-2000

• In 1992 ,ITU issued a blue print regarding 3 rd

generation mobile telephony called International
Mobile Telecommunications 2000 ie IMT-2000.
• Its main agenda was to bring high quality mobile
multi media services to a world wide mass market
with a single unified standard.
• Started the process of defining a standard for third
generation systems.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

Primary Requirements of a 3G Network

• Fully specified and world widely valid

• Major interfaces should be standardized and open
• Supports multimedia
• Wide band radio access
• Services must be independent from radio access
technology and is not limited by the network

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 3GPP
• The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) -
Collaboration agreement formalized in December
1998 by signing of “The 3rd Generation Partnership
Project Agreement”.
• 3GPP scope is to specify a global (3G) mobile
phone system under ITU's IMT-2000 framework.
• 3GPP specs are based on evolved GSM specs.
• 3GPP standardization encompasses Radio, Core
Network and Service architectures.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 ITU IMT-2000 Framework
The 5 IMT 2000 terrestrial interfaces agreed by
UMTS
ITU-R
Direct Single Frequency
sequence Time Code Carrier Multi-Carrier Time

DS TC SC MC FT
UTRA TDD
UTRA FDD High & low UWC 136 CDMA2000 DECT™
chip rates

TR45 3GPP2

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 UMTS

• 3GPP UMTS, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System is the third generation (3G) successor to the second
generation GSM based cellular technologies which also
include GPRS, and EDGE.
• UMTS uses Wideband CDMA (WCDMA or W-CDMA) to
carry the radio transmissions, and often the system is
referred to by the name WCDMA.
• Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) was formed
for the technical development of CDMA- 2000 technology .

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Evolution Path From GSM
2G 2.5G 3G

GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS

GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS

200 KHz carrier 200 KHz carrier 200 KHz carrier 5 MHz carrier
8 full-rate time slots 115 Kbps peak data rates Data rates up to 384 Kbps 2 Mbps peak data rates
16 half-rate time slots 8-PSK modulation New IMT-2000 2 GHz spectrum
Higher symbol rate

HSCSD

HSCSD
Circuit-switched data
64 Kbps peak data rates

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 3G Vision
• Universal global roaming
• Multimedia (Data, Voice, Video)
• Increased data rate
– 384 kbps while moving
– 2Mbps While stationary at a place
• Increased capacity
– More spectrally efficient
• IP based architecture

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Features Of 3G Network
• Simultaneous use of speech and advanced data
services (video calling,Internet connectivity,video
sharing ,real time gaming etc)
• 5 MHz Bandwidth is more Immune to Fading
• Support for Hand-off to and from GSM
• High Speed Packet Data
144kb - Vehicular
384kb - Pedestrian
2Mb – Indoor

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 3G Frequencies
• IMT 2000 – Recommendation
– 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz
– 1710 - 1885 and 2500 - 2690 MHz

• UMTS frequencies
– FDD, W-CDMA
• 1920-1980 MHz (Uplink)
• 2110-2170 MHz (Downlink)
• Channel spacing is 5 MHz

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 3GPP Releases in 3G
• Release 99

• Release 4

• Release 5

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 UMTS Architecture
• Three interacting domains

– Core Network (CN)

– UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

(UTRAN)

– User Equipment (UE)

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Core network
• Provides switching, routing and transit functions for
user traffic.
• Contains the databases and does network
management functions.
• The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is
based on GSM network with GPRS.
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is defined for
UMTS core transmission.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Core network in Release 99
• Divided into
– Circuit switched domain
• Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC),
• Visitor location register (VLR)
• Gateway MSC.
– Packet switched domain.
• Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
• Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).
– Network elements, like EIR, HLR, VLR and AUC
are shared by both domains.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 UMTS/W-CDMA:
RAN Network Elements (3GPP)

UE: Node B: RNC: CN:

Mobile Converts Connects to Interfaces
Phone, radio localized various
video signal to group of circuit-
phone, and from Node B’s. switched or
PDA, ATM. Selects packet-
etc. Involved most switched
in appropriate networks.
handover Node B for
decisions. each UE,
performing
Handover
when Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.
Regional
necessary.
 UTRAN
• Provides the air interface access method for User
Equipment.

• Base Station is referred as Node-B .

• Control equipment for Node-B is called Radio

Network Controller (RNC).

• Wide band CDMA technology is selected for UTRAN

air interface.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 UE
• UE stands for the User Equipment.

• It comprises a 3G Mobile Equipment and the USIM.

• USIM is a SIM card for 3G services. USIM stand for

Universal Subscriber Identification Module.

• The storage capacity of a USIM is 128 kB

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Functions of Node B
• Air interface Transmission / Reception
• Modulation / Demodulation
• CDMA Physical Channel coding
• Diversity
• Error Handling
• Closed loop power control

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 Functions of RNC
• Radio Resource Control
• Admission Control
• Channel Allocation
• Power Control Settings
• Handover Control
• Ciphering
• Segmentation / Reassembly

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

GSM/GPRS/UMTS Network
Circuit-switched Packet-based
PSTN Gi

PSTN GMSC
GMSC AuC
AuC GGSN
GGSN
Gp
Core Network
C H Gc
PSTN
D HLR
HLR Gr Gn
G
VLR VLR

MSC E
MSC F
EIR
EIR
Gf SGSN GPRS/
Gn IuPS UMTS

A Gb IuCS Access Network

BSS RNS

Abis
BSC RNC RNC
Iub
Node B Node B
BTS
BTS BTS
BTS cell UMTS
um Uu

ME
ME UMTS Mobile Device
GPRS
GPRS SIM-ME I/f Cu
mobile
mobile
mobile
SIM
SIM USIM
USIM

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 WCDMA Overview
• DS-CDMA,5 MHz carrier spacing
• 5Mhz bandwidth allows multi path diversity using
Rake receivers.
• Fast power control for optimal interference
reduction (1.5Kz)
• Variable spreading factor to offer bandwidth on
demand up to 2 Mbps.
• Services multiplexing with different QoS.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

UMTS Architecture – Release 4
Nc
MSC-S MSC-S
A B
A sig

Mc Mc
Iu sig

BSC
A
A Transport
CS- CS-
MGW Nb MGW
A B
RNC
A
Iu Transport

Signalling User Data Transport

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

Release 4 UMTS Components

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 CS DOMAIN in Release4
• MSC is split into
 MSC server (MSC-S)
 Media Gateway (MGW),
– The MSC server provides the call control and
mobility management functions,
– MGW provides the stream manipulating
functions, i.e. bearer control and transmission
resource functions.

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

 REVIEW QUESTIONS
• What is IMT 2000?
• What are UMTS Features?
• What is the Radio Access Technology in 3G?
• What are the Components of UTRAN
• What are the Components in CS domain of
Release4 architecture ?

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.

Thank You

Regional Telecom Training Centre, Trivandrum : 695 040.