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    GSM Power Point

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    karlo_stu
    Mobile communications have evolved from early analog networks to today's digital networks. Early analog networks used frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and included systems like NMT and AMPS. Digital networks like GSM used time division multiple access (TDMA) and allowed for higher capacity networks. GPRS and EDGE were developed to provide higher data rates over GSM networks. UMTS networks use wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) and support data rates up to 2Mbps. Future networks will provide even higher capacity and data rates.

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    GSM Power Point

    Uploaded by

    karlo_stu
    39 views33 pages
    Mobile communications have evolved from early analog networks to today's digital networks. Early analog networks used frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and included systems like NMT and AMPS. Digital networks like GSM used time division multiple access (TDMA) and allowed for higher capacity networks. GPRS and EDGE were developed to provide higher data rates over GSM networks. UMTS networks use wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) and support data rates up to 2Mbps. Future networks will provide even higher capacity and data rates.

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    Gsm Power Point

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    Mobile communications have evolved from early analog networks to today's digital networks. Early analog networks used frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and included systems like NMT and AMPS. Digital networks like GSM used time division multiple access (TDMA) and allowed for higher capacity networks. GPRS and EDGE were developed to provide higher data rates over GSM networks. UMTS networks use wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) and support data rates up to 2Mbps. Future networks will provide even higher capacity and data rates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    39 views33 pages

    GSM Power Point

    Uploaded by

    karlo_stu
    Mobile communications have evolved from early analog networks to today's digital networks. Early analog networks used frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and included systems like NMT and AMPS. Digital networks like GSM used time division multiple access (TDMA) and allowed for higher capacity networks. GPRS and EDGE were developed to provide higher data rates over GSM networks. UMTS networks use wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) and support data rates up to 2Mbps. Future networks will provide even higher capacity and data rates.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

    Alexandre ELAGUINE & Mikhail BAIAKOVSKI

    31.01.2002
    MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

    • Basic principles
    • Early analog networks
    • Digital networks, GSM
    • GPRS and EDGE
    • UMTS
    • Future networks
    Wireless versus Mobile
    BASIC NETWORK
    STRUCTURE
    Propagation Mechanisms

    • Reflection
    • Diffraction (Shadowing)
    • Scattering
    • Doppler effects
    • Fading
    FREQUENCY REUSE
    3/9 CELL PATTERN
    BASIC NETWORK
    STRUCTURE
    SYSTEM STRUCTURE
    ANALOGUE MOBILE
    NETWORKS
    NMT 450 NMT 900 AMPS TACS

    Start 1981 1986 1984 1985


    MHz Up 453 - 457.5 890-915 824-849 890-915
    MHz Down 463-467.5 935-960 869-894 935-960
    No. of channels 180 1000 832 1000
    DIGITAL MOBILE
    NETWORKS
    GSM D-AMPS PDC
    Start 1992 1991 1993
    MHz Up 890-915 824-849 ~900 ~1400
    MHz Down 935-960 869-894 ~800 ~1400
    Multiplex TDMA TDMA TDMA
    SIM: SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY
    MODULE
    GSM frequency bands
    • 900 MHz • 890-915 MHz Uplink
    – 2*25 MHz Bands • 935-960 MHz Downlink
    – 45 MHz Duplex Spacing
    – 125 carriers
    • 1800 MHz • 1710-1785 MHz Uplink
    – 2*75 MHz Bands
    • 1805-1880 MHz Downlink
    – 95 MHz Duplex Spacing
    – 375 carriers
    • 1900 MHz
    – 2*60 MHz Bands • 1850-1910 MHz Uplink
    – 80 MHz Duplex Spacing • 1930-1990 MHz Downlink
    – 300 Carriers
    GSM: AREAS
    THREE ACCESS METHODS IN
    CELLULAR SYSTEMS

    • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access


    • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
    • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
    TDMA: FRAME
    D-AMPS

    • The EIA/TIA (TDMA) standard has many names


    – TDMA (the most common)
    – US Digital Cellular (USDC)
    – North American TDMA (NA-TDMA)
    – Digital AMPS (D-AMPS)
    – IS-54 and IS-136
    CDMA
    • Every mobile in the network has a unique code, the chip sequence
    • When a mobile sends a bit stream, each bit is replaced by the chip
    code
    • A « one » in the bit stream is replaced by the chip code
    • A « zero » in the bit code is replaced by the compliment of the chip
    code
    • If the chip code is n bits long, each bit in the original bit stream is
    replaced by n bits
    • Instead of some 10kbps in the original bit stream, Mbps is sent
    • This is often referred as to « spread spectrum techniques »
    GPRS, GENERAL PACKET
    RADIO SERVICE (1)
    • Genera! Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new service designed for
    digital cellular networks (GSM, DCS, PCS).
    • GPRS uses a packet-mode technique to transfer high-speed and tow-
    speed data and signalling in an efficient manner over GSM radio
    networks.
    • GPRS can be used for carrying end user's packet data protocol such
    as IP andX.25
    • GPRS is standardised in ETSI (European Telecommunications
    StandardsInstitute).
    • New GPRS radio channels are defined, and the allocation of these
    channels is flexible: from 1 to 8 radio interface timeslots can be
    allocated per TDMA frame, timeslots are shared by the active
    users, and up and downlink are allocated separately.
    • Various radio channel coding schemes are specified to allow
    bitrates from 9 to more than 150 kbit/s per user.
    GPRS, GENERAL PACKET
    RADIO SERVICE (2)
    • GPRS introduces two new network nodes in the GSM PLMN: The
    Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which is at the same
    hierarchical level as the MSC, keeps track of the
    individual MSs' location and performs security functions
    and access control. The SGSN is connected to the base
    station system with Frame Relay. The Gateway GSN (GGSN)
    provides interworking with external packet-switched
    networks, and is connected with SGSNs via an IP-based GPRS
    backbone network. The HLR is enhanced with GPRS subscriber
    information, and the SMS-MSCs are upgraded to support SMS
    transmission via the SGSN. Optionally, the MSC/VLR can be
    enhanced for more-efficient co-ordination of GPRS and non-
    GPRS services and functionality: e.g., paging for circuit-
    switched calls which can be performed more efficiently via
    the SGSN, and combined GPRS and non-GPRS location updates.
    EDGE
    Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

    • ECSD - Enhanced CSD (Circuit Switched Data)


    • EGPRS - Enhanced GPRS
    • For higher data rates
    • New coding and modulation schemes
    • The base stations need to be up dated
    • EGPRS up to 384 kbps (48 kbps per time slot)
    • ECSD 28.8 kbps
    IMT-2000

    • FPLMTS: Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System

    • IMT 2000: International Mobile Telecommunications

    • UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

    • UMTS: Specificed by ETSI, CEPT and UMTS forum

    • UMTS: Specificed by ETSI, CEPT and UMTS forum


    IMT-2000

    • The main characteristic of 3G Systems, known collectively as IMT-


    2000, are a single family of compatible standards that have the
    following characteristics

    • Used worldwide
    • Used for all mobile applications
    • Support both packet-switched and circuit-switched data
    transmission
    • Offer high data rates up to 2Mbps (depending on
    mobility/velocity)
    • Offer high spectrum efficiency
    IMT-2000
    • IMT-2000 stands for

    – IMT: International Mobile Communications2000: the frequency range of 2000 MHz


    and the year 2000 (WARC'92: 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz)
    • All 3G standards have been developed by regional standard developing
    organizations (SDOs)
    • In total, proposals for 17 different IMT-2000 standards were submitted by
    regional SDOs to ITU in 1998. 11 proposals for terrestrial systems and 6 for
    mobile satellite systems (MSSs).
    • Evaluation of the proposals was completed in 1998, and negotiatians to build a
    consensus among different views were completed in mid 1999. All 17
    proposals have been accepted by ITU as IMT-2000 standards. The specification
    for the Radio Transmission Technology (RTT) was released at the end of 1999 .
    The most important IMT-2000
    proposals
    • UMTS (W-CDMA)
    – as the successor of GSM
    • CDMA2000
    – universal wireless communication-13 6 (UWC-
    136)/EDGE as the successor of the interim standard'95
    (IS-95)
    • time division-synchroneous CDMA (TD-CDMA)
    – as the TDMA-based enhancements to D-
    AMPS/GSM
    ITU IMT2000 Radio Interface
    Specifications
    • 5 were approved by the ITU in November 1999
    – IMT DS Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)
    – IMT MC cdma 2000

    – IMT SC UWC-136 (EDGE)

    – IMT TC UTRA TDD or TD-SCDMA

    – IMT FT DECT

    – DS: Direct Sequence, MC: Multi-Carrier, TC: Time Code, FT :Frequency Time
    Key Differences between W-CDMA and
    cdma2000

    Parameter cdma2000 W-CDMA


    Chip rate 3.68 Mc/s 3.84 Mc/s
    Sinchronisation Synchronous Asynchronous
    Frame duration 20 ms 10 ms
    Dedicated time
    Common code division
    Foreward Pilot multiplexed pilot multiplexed pilot
    Signaling ANSI-41 GSM-MAP
    UMTS
    • UMTS is being developed by Third-Generation Partnership Project
    (3GPP), a joint venture of several SDOs
    – ETSI (Europe)
    – Association of Radio Industries and Business/Telecommunication
    Technology Committee (ARIB/TTC) (Japan)
    – American National Standards Institute (ANSI) T-1 (USA)
    – Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) (South
    Korea)
    – Chinese Wireless Telecommunication Standard (CWTS) (China)
    Towards UMTS
    Evolutionary Concept
    Maximum Data Rates

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