Electric Traction: BY Viswanath 267

ELECTRIC
TRACTION
BY
VISWANATH
267
CONTENTS
INTRO
TYPES OF ETS
TRACK ELECTRIFICATION TYPES
CONCLUSION
WHAT IS ELECTRIC
TRACTION?
• Electric traction is meant for locomotion in which the driving (tractive) force is
obtained from electric motors (called as traction motors).
• For traction purposes mostly 3-Phase Induction motors and d.c series motors
are used and both have high starting torque, prevailing requirement for the
high speed acceleration.
VOLTAGES USED FOR ELECTRIC TRACTION IN
INDIA
• Typical Voltages used for electric Traction are 1.5kV DC and 25kV AC for
mainline trains.
• The Delhi Metro uses 25kV AC overhead traction with a catenary system on
the ground-level and elevated routes, and uses a rather unusual 'rigid
catenary' or overhead power rail in the underground tunnel sections.
TYPES OF ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEMS
DC TRACTION
ETS
MULTI SYSTEMS AC TRACTION

DC TRACTION
• DC traction units use direct current drawn from either a conductor rail or
an overhead line.
• The most popular line voltages for overhead wire supply systems –
1500V DC and 3000V DC.
• 600V DC–750V DC volt range used for third railsystems that additional rail is
called conductor rail)
DISADVANTAGES
• expensive substations are requiredat frequent intervals and

the overhead wire or third rail must be relatively large and
heavy.
• The low-voltage, series-wound, direct-current motor is well
suited to railroad traction, being simple to construct and easy
to control.
AC TRACTION
• AC Traction units draw alternating current from an overhead line.
• Typical Voltages Used are:-
15 kV AC, 16⅔ Hz (16.7 Hz)
25 kV AC, 50 Hz
25 kV AC, 60 Hz
• Fewer substations are required and the lighter overhead current supply wire can be
used
• Reduced weight of support structure
• Reduced capital cost of electrification
MULTI SYSTEMS
• Because of the variety of railway electrification systems, which can vary even within a country, trains often have
to pass from one system to another. One way to accomplish this is by changing locomotives at
the switching stations.
• These stations have overhead wires that can be switched from one voltage to another and so the train arrives
with one locomotive and
then departs with another.
• Often, this is inconvenient and time-consuming Another way is to use multi-system locomotives that can operate
under several different voltages and current types.
In Europe, it is common to use four-system locomotives (1.5 kV DC,
3 kV DC, 15 kV 16⅔ Hz AC, 25 kV, 50 Hz AC)
METRO TRAIN USES AC TRACTION CATENARY SYSTEM.
ADVANTAGES OF AC TRACTION SYSTEMS
• High power-to-weight ratio than forms of
traction such
as diesel or steam that generate power requiring on
board prime mover
• The motors used in electric traction have a very high
starting torque.
Hence, it is possible to achieve higher acceleration of
1.5 to 2.5 km/h/s as
against 0.6 to 0.8 km/h/s in steam traction.
DISADVANTAGES OF AC TRACTION
SYSTEMS
• Significant capital cost of electrification
• Increased maintenance cost of the lines
• Overhead wires further limit the clearance in tunnels
• Upgrading brings significant cost, especially where tunnels and bridges and
other obstructions have to be altered for clearance
• Railway Traction needs immune power, with no cuts, warranting duplication of
Transmission and Distribution systems, which obviously comes at a Premium
Price
SYSTEM OF TRACK ELECTRIFICATION
• Trolley wire or contact wire – suspended with minimum of sag so that contact
between the trolley wire and current collector can be maintained at higher
speeds.
• This wire is supported by another wire known as catenary. Two different types
of Catenary construction can be used
• Single Catenary
• Compound Catenary
TRACTION MOTORS
• D.C Series Motors :

• Develops high torque at low speeds and low
torque at high speed, exact requirement of the traction
units.
Torque is independent of the line voltage and thus
unaffected by
the variations in the line voltage.
A REAL LIFE AC TRACTION SYSTEM
Tesla roadster .
SINGLE PHASE A.C SERIES MOTORS
• Starting torque is lower than dc series motor due to poor

power factor at starting
• This motor has surpassed the d.c series motor in terms of
size, weight cost for the same rating.
Maximum operating voltage is limited to 400 Volts.
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS-
• Provides constant speed operation, developing low
starting torque drawing high starting current and
complicated control networks makes it unsuitable for
electric traction work.
• Automatic regeneration is the main advantage in electric
traction
with this motor.
WHAT FUTURE HOLDS?
• Regenerative Braking:
1. The only traction locomotive that can reproduce the energy
while deacceleration is found in ets.
2. Can integrate software algorithms, IOT etc., for high
efficiency, safety and experience.
AUTO DRIVING SYSTEM WITH IMPROVISED TRACTION
SYSTEM
TESLA’S GROUNDBREAKING
REINVENTION
• The brand new Tesla model S contains
• Front and rear motor combined output up to 779 bhp (581 kW),
920 lb⋅ft (1,250 N⋅m), 3-phase AC induction motor.
• 75, or 100 kWh lithium ion 60, 70, 85, 90 kWh
discontinued
THANK YOU
HAPPY LEARNING!!

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ELECTRIC

TRACK ELECTRIFICATION TYPES

MULTI SYSTEMS AC TRACTION

• expensive substations are requiredat frequent intervals and

• D.C Series Motors :

• Starting torque is lower than dc series motor due to poor

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