Railway Traction Systems

Railway Traction Systems
09104007 Anish Nangia 09104011 Anubhav Aggarwal 09104020 Gaurav Manchanda 09104040 Payal Niharika 09104050 Sanjoli Jain
Contents

Introduction Classification Electric Traction Railway Traction Third rail system Overhead system
Traction is defined as
a physical process in which a tangential force is transmitted across an interface between two bodies through dry friction or an intervening fluid film resulting in motion, stoppage or the transmission of power
Classification
Traction
NonElectric
Electric
Application
Electrification in traction (in India) is used with three types of locomotives:
Using single phase AC commutator motor Using DC with tapped transformer and rectifier Using phase converter and induction motor
Pros & Cons of Electric Traction

Pros:
High torque-to weight ratio Regenerative braking is possible Lesser noise Less maintenance
Cons:
High Capital cost
Motors used for Electric Traction
Permanent Magnet Motors: High power density and power factor High Efficiency High Cost Switched Reluctance Machine: Robust Rotor Structure High Torque Ripple Poor Power Factor Induction Machine Low Cost Robust Rotor Structure Low Power Density Inferior power factor and efficiency
Railway Traction
Voltage DC Current
Railway Traction
AC
Third Rail Contact System
Overhead
Supply for traction systems
DC
Simpler, especially for railway traction Easy control Easier to maintain Expensive (for long run) Sparking and corrosion Unsuitable for regenerative braking
AC
Efficient and cheaper for long distances Less or no maintenance Reliable Higher level of adhesion Complicated control
Trends in Traction System

Existing Traction Systems use DC motors, because of the following reasons: 1. Less expensive 2. More efficient for some H.P. 3. Rail conductor track system is less costly for DC than for AC.
Advantages of AC motor over DC motors

Commutators-prone to fail due to vibration and shock DC motor not suitable for regenerative braking, requires complex and bulky extra components DC motors tend to inject harmonics in the system IM doesnt use commutators Fairly easy to use regenerative braking Simpler construction
Standard voltage levels
Voltage 600 V
Type DC
750 V 1.5 kV
3 kV 15 kV 25 kV
DC DC
DC AC,16.7 Hz AC, 50 Hz
Railway Traction in India

1500 V DC overhead traction system used around Mumbai Delhi Metro uses 25 kV AC overhead lines with ground level and elevated routes Kolkata Metro- 750 DC third rail Kolkata trams- 550 DC overhead with underground conductors
Third rail system
Third rail or conductor rail placed alongside the rail track. Generally placed outside but sometimes placed inside
Third rail Systen
Shoe and Shoegear

Shoe is used to collect the current on train. Wherever conductor rails are interrupted, shoe is given a ramp for smooth transistion
Shoegears
Third rail breaks

Gaps usually leads to the loss of power Power loss can be lessened by using locating shoes along the train and connecting them
Benefits and Disadvantages

Benefits:
Easier to install Cheaper Lesser prone to power surges
Disadvantages:
Hazardous Weather affected Practical limit on speed
Overhead System
Overhead system
In overhead system, there are overhead lines that supply electricity Trains collect the electricity through pantograph, bow collecters or trolley poles The wire must be weather durable, and withstand wind
Catenary
Catenary are overhead wires that form a support structure Helps maintain the lateral and horizontal tension
Catenary suspension systems
Pantograph
Used to collect electricity Easier to isolate Contact maintained by spring or air pressure
Pantograph Horns
Horns provide balance to the contact wires They also protect the pantograph from obstructions like tree limbs etc The horns have no current conducting function They are directed downwards so that they dont tangle with overhead lines
Types of Pantograph
Single Arm Pantograph: Less power, fault prone
Double Arm Pantograph: More power, fault tolerable
Block Diagram of Modern AC Electric Locomotive
Circuit-Breaker
Electro-pneumatic contractor type High voltage; mounted on the roof of the locomotive All the OHE are connected/disconnected by the means of this CB
Loco Transformer

Main Transformer of the locomotive 25kV supply fed to this transformer via main bushing Winding divided into 32 taps (generally) Taps attached to tap changer
Tap-Changer
Schematic of a Single-Phase AC
Smoothens and Filters the DC output
Steps down the 25 kV AC Converts AC to specified DC Voltage
DC Link
This is essentially a bank of capacitor and inductor to give a smooth DC output It also eliminates/reduces the harmonics produced by drive converters and traction motors The capacitor bank in this section can also provide a small amount of reserve power in the transient situations, if needed by the traction motors
Drive Converter
Inverter with three thyristor based components Three components produces three phase AC Thyristor components controlled by microprocessorcan produce a wide range of AC frequency and voltage
AC Electric Locomotive with DC motor
Track Magnet
To reduce arcing at neutral section, track magnets are used Track magnets automatically switch off the supply when train reaches neutral section
Neutral Section
It is a short section of insulated and dead overhead equipment which separates the area fed by adjacent substation or feeding post. Neutral Section is also present when DC supply changes over to AC supply, and the links are joined by only a neutral section
Benefits and Disadvantages
Benefits
Robust Less hazardous Efficient
Disadvantages
Prone to lightening surges Capital extensive May require reconstruction
Thank you
Any queries?

Railway Traction Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Railway Traction Systems

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Railway Traction Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Railway Traction Systems

Pros & Cons of Electric Traction

Motors used for Electric Traction

Third Rail Contact System

Supply for traction systems

Trends in Traction System

Advantages of AC motor over DC motors

Standard voltage levels

Railway Traction in India

Third rail system

Third rail Systen

Shoe and Shoegear

Third rail breaks

Benefits and Disadvantages

Catenary suspension systems

Single Arm Pantograph: Less power, fault prone

Double Arm Pantograph: More power, fault tolerable

Block Diagram of Modern AC Electric Locomotive

Smoothens and Filters the DC output

Steps down the 25 kV AC Converts AC to specified DC Voltage

AC Electric Locomotive with DC motor

Benefits and Disadvantages

You might also like