Imogene King

IMOGENE KING
1923-2007
GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY (early 1960s)
• It describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship

in which a patient grows and develops to attain
certain life goals. The theory explains that factors
which can affect the attainment of goals are roles,
stress, space, and time.
MAJOR CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS:
Concepts and Definition - Open Systems Framework
• King (1981)- “ the only way to study human beings interacting with the
environment is to design a conceptual framework of interdependent
variables and interrelated concepts ”
• She believed that her “framework differs from other conceptual schema in
that it is concerned not with fragmenting human being and the environment
but with human interaction in different kinds of environments
KING’S DYNAMIC INTERACTING SYSTEMS
KING’S DYNAMIC INTERACTING
SYSTEMS
1. Personal Systems – the individual
• Concepts for Personal Systems:
• Perception
• Self
• Growth and Development
• Body Image
• Space
• Time
SYSTEMS
2. Interpersonal Systems – individuals interacting with one another
Concepts for Interpersonal Systems
• Interaction
• Communication
• Transaction
• Role
• Stress
SYSTEMS
3. Social Systems – groups of people in a community / society sharing common
goals, interest and values
Concepts for Social Systems:
• Organization
• Authority
• Power
• Status
• Decision – making
ASSUMPTIONS
NURSING
• Observable behavior found in the health care systems in society” (King,
1971)
• Definition: “A process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and
client share information about their perception in nursing situation.”
• Action: is defined as a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical
action.
• Reaction: which is considered as included in the sequence of behaviors
described in action.
NURSING
• Goal of nurse: “To help individuals to maintain their health so they can
function in their roles.”
• Domain of nurse: “includes promoting, maintaining, and restoring health,
and caring for the sick, injured and dying.
• Function of professional nurse: “To interpret information in nursing process
to plan, implement and evaluate nursing care.
PERSON
• Individuals are spiritual being
• Individuals have the ability through language and other symbols to record
their history and preserve their culture
• Individuals are unique and holistic, of intrinsic worth and capable of rational
thinking and decision making in most situations
• Individuals differ in their needs, wants and goals.
HEALTH
• Health involves dynamic life experiences of a human being, which implies
continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal and external environment
through optimum use of one’s resources to achieve maximum potential for
daily living.
ENVIRONMENT
• An understanding of the ways that human beings interact with their
environment to maintain health was essential for nurses
• Internal environment: transforms energy to enable person to adjust to
continuous external environmental changes.
• External environment: involves formal and informal organizations. Nurse
is a part of the patient’s environment.
Eight Propositions of the Goal Attainment
Theory
• If perceptual interaction accuracy is present in nurse-client interactions,
transaction will occur.
• If nurse and client make transaction, goal will be attained.
• If goal are attained, satisfaction will occur.
• If transactions are made in nurse-client interactions, growth & development
will be enhanced.
Eight Propositions of the Goal Attainment
Theory
• If role expectations and role performance as perceived by nurse & client are
congruent, transaction will occur.
• If role conflict is experienced by nurse or client or both, stress in nurse-client
interaction will occur.
• If nurse with special knowledge skill communicate appropriate information
to client, mutual goal setting and goal attainment will occur.
APPLICATION
(Case Study)
• One patient, Amed Kyzeel, as reported
by nurses on the previous shif thas been
difficult to work with, demanding the
attention of staff throughout the shift.
APPLICATION
(Case Study)
• Mr. Jennings visits Mr. Kyzeel last during rounds so that
additional time is available for an assessment. Mr.
Jennings ask him how he is feeling about going home.
The patient complains about a variety of minor concerns
about his pending discharge. Accepting that the patient’s
perceptions are unique and valid to him, Mr. Jennings
spends a few minutes just listening.
APPLICATION
(Case Study)
• Mr. Jennings asks the patient what he knows about his
pending discharge and his goals for leaving today. The
patient admits that he is concerned about leaving the
hospital because he doesn’t know what to expect during
the 24 hours at home. The nurse talks with the patient and
asks him what goals he wants to achieve while in the
hospital and upon returning home.
APPLICATION
(Case Study)
• The patient identifies the goals he wants to attain: have
someone stay with him at his home for the first night
because he is not sure that his wife will be able to
take care of him like the nurses do in the hospital
• The patient and nurse identify the most important ones
and the order in which the patient would like to achieve.
APPLICATION
(Case Study)
• They identify activities that can be done by the
patient and staff to achieve these goals.
• Before leaving the room, they agree on the goals,
priority and the specific activities to be done and
arrange for the patient’s wife to be involved in the
discharge planning
APPLICATION
(Case Study)
• The patient and nurse will briefly talk to
evaluate achievement of the goals
• The nurse leaves the room and the patient
calls his wife to begin work on the activities
he needs to accomplish

Imogene King

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IMOGENE KING

• It describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship

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