CURRICULUM AND TEACHING IN NURSING

MODULE ONE
Learning Activities (p.3)

THE NATURE OF NURSING EDUCATION

1. Review the national development goals and educational goals of the Educational Act of 1982 and 1986 Constitution. Does the present nursing curriculum follow these goals? Answer: YES. The present nursing curriculum follows the educational goal explicate in the Educational Act of 1982 and 1986 Constitution. The said code provided for an integrated system of education covering both formal and non-formal education at all levels, set out the three fundamental aims of education in the Philippines, to: (1) foster love of country; (2) teach the duties of citizenship; and (3) develop moral character, self discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency. In Nursing education with caring as its foundation, it subscribes to the different core values which are vital components in the development of a professional nurse include love of God, love of people and love of country. The BSN program goal is to emphasize and inculcate this core values to the recipients, and aims to prepare a nurse to who, upon completion of the program, demonstrates beginning professional competencies and shall continue to assume responsibility for professional development and utilizes research findings in the practice of the profession in the community.

2. What does curriculum mean to you as a nurse practitioner? relevance of curriculum to nursing practice. Answer:

Explain the

It is a course to be run for reaching a certain goal or destination. Curriculum is a pattern or a blue print for education. It is the prescribed course of studies which students must fulfill in order to pass a certain level of education. In colleges, specific courses make up the individuals curriculum, allowing one to obtain a degree or certification in a certain field. Usually an individual will have to complete a certain

amount of general education courses, and then specialized courses within a chosen field. In this way, the curriculum is individualized to the persons desire for a certain type of expertise. In nursing practice, curriculum is very important because it places emphasis on helping to develop tomorrow's leaders in the field of Nursing. BSN program taught in different school or institution prepares their graduates to continue setting goals for themselves that will take them on to positions of professional leadership, advanced practice or nursing education. It will not only help to develop excellent technical skills, but also it will help to expand the awareness of global health care and the role of Nursing in it.

3. Why is it important that the curriculum should reflect the urgent needs, issues and problems facing the country today? Why do you think revision of our present curriculum is continuously changing? Answer: It is important that the curriculum should reflect the urgent needs, issues and problems facing the country today because as we look the world in which we live right now it is steeped in science and technology and governed by ever increasing discoveries, inventions and innovations. Today the world is characterized by tremendous scientific and technological explorations. Every human activity is dependent upon various tools, machines and systems from growing food and providing shelter to communication healthcare and entertainment. Some machines like tractors speed up work and do much more than has been ever done before while aero-planes and Internet perform functions that were never possible or ever imagined. On the other hand, including in the curriculum the study of science allows students to experience the richness of and excitement of the natural world. As adults, they will face complex questions requiring scientific thinking, reasoning and the ability to make informed decisions. Human development is the focus of all our activities in our modern world thats why revision of our present curriculum is in need for continuously changing for us to become scientifically and technologically literate if we must be a part of the emerging global village of the 21st Century.

Learning Activities (p.7)

1. Why do nurses migrate to other countries instead of rendering their services to our countrymen? What are the implications noted? Explain. Answer:

According to the journal I read, the Philippines is a job-scarce environment and, even for those with jobs in the health care sector, poor working conditions often motivate nurses to seek employment overseas. The country has also become dependent on labor migration to ease the tight domestic labor market (Lorenzo, et. al; 2007). The implications of this are the number of factors motivates nurses in the source countries to migrate. In our country, despite of own domestic health care needs, our government cannot create enough jobs for the health professionals they train. Additional factors "pull" nurses to developed countries, including opportunities working abroad with higher wages, better living and working conditions, and some grab opportunities for advancing their education and expertise.

2. What do you mean by substandard nursing education? What are the factors affecting it? Explain. Answer:

Substandard nursing education is provided by schools which failed to meet standards required for quality nursing education. According to CHEDs technical committee, standard nursing schools are those who comply with five requirements: adherence to the nursing curriculum, availability of facilities, ratio of faculty to students, affiliation with or existence of an active tertiary hospital to serve as base for students, and a qualified faculty. Nowadays, many nursing schools are lack up-to-date facilities, qualified faculty or affiliation with a hospital, all of which are supposed to be in place before these institutions are allowed to operate. Other factors include screening procedure or lack of it and lack of support from administration. In addition, some schools want to offer classes in trimesters or quartermasters, a suggestion that would fast track the course but inevitably lead to half-baked students (Estella, 2005). Instead of attending to such problems, many nursing schools have busied themselves adjusting their requirements to fit the needs of a new type of students: middle-age professionals

seeking a new career. Called second-coursers, they include doctors as well as accountants, clerks, teachers, journalists, government employees and secretaries. All of them hope to become nurses, preferably in a foreign land. More often than not, such students enjoy a shorter term since their basic science subjects in their first course are credited.

3. Observe a nurse at work in different areas of assignment and list all the problems noted:

a. Hospital - nurses

are known for being compassionate and

caring, these qualities appear to be disappearing because the goals for taking up nursing have changed. From desiring to be of service to another human being, nursing students are now primarily motivated by the need to make money.
b. community c. colleges of nursing

- There, a dozen or so nursing schools and training centers have somehow converged and are thriving, mining the dreams of those aspiring to work overseas. lack up-to-date facilities, qualified faculty

(teachers or dean) or affiliation with a hospital

(where students can be exposed and properly trained.) What do you think are the implications to nursing education? Explain.

CON-

nursing education is being retrofitted to meet the demands of

the global market. There is a fueling a boom in nursing schools. But as in any other boom, quality has suffered as the numbers increase, in large part because of skewed priorities.

CURRICULUM AND TEACHING IN NURSING

MODULE TWO APPROACHES TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. Do you think the competency based curriculum is relevant to our present society? Support your answer. Answer: Yes. Competency based curriculum aims to make students more competent through the acquisition of the competencies and the further development of the newly acquired or already held competencies. Its a curriculum that always responsive to the needs of the country and the students. It teaches a student to be able to accomplish tasks adequately, to find solutions and to realize them in work situations. The BSN curriculum applied this framework to prepare a professional nurse help the people and the country meet their health needs and manage problems. The competency based curriculum guided the faculty in defining the competencies expected of the graduates of the educational program as well as student competencies at various stages in the teaching-learning process. The relevant of this type of curriculum in nursing education is that it acknowledges the present status of our countrys health problem, health goal pertinent health care strategies and the required nursing roles and responsibilities within the health care system. 2. Make a table of comparison on the ff models of curriculum design:
a) b) c) Tyler Taba Palma

MODELS OF CURRICULUM
TYLER, Ralph Basic Principles of MODEL
-

TABA, Hilda Inductive Model

PALMA, Jesus Linear Model of Curriculum Development

Curriculum and Instruction

Also known as grass-root approach

The curriculum model suggests endmeans integration.

The curriculum
should be designed by the teachers rather than handed down by higher authority.

Defined as an

integrated, coherent and comprehensive program for continually updating and improving curriculum and instruction in a school.

DESCRIPTION

Objectives serve as the basis for devising

Taba approachs goal is to facilitate students in thinking more efficiently.

Through the use of curriculum development system, the thrust of unity, continuity and quality

GOAL

subsequent elements, with evaluation (assessment) indicating the

degree of achievement of those objectives

will be attained.

Seven major steps: 1. Diagnosis of learners needs and expectatio ns of the larger society. 2. Formulation of learning objectives. 3. Selection of learning content. 4. Organization of learning content. 5. Selection of learning experiences. 6. Organization of learning activities
7. Determination

Four Subsystems: 1. Subsystem 1/ learning objectives 2. Subsystem 2/ Learning content 3. Subsystem 3/ Learning experience 4. Subsystem 4/ Evaluation of learning outcomes

STEPS/ COMPONENTS

of what to evaluate and the means of doing it.

3. Get a copy of the new

nursing curriculum (CMO 14) and examine it.

a) What type of curriculum is CMO 14? Answer:

The newly published Commission of Higher Education (CHED) CMO No. 14 Series of 2009 is concern with Policies and Standards for Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Program. It is a competency-based and community-oriented curriculum. The curriculum provides the necessary competencies to make the students and the future professional nurse effective in the management of nursing problems associated with the identified diseases and conditions.
b) What principles do you think were applied in developing this curriculum? Answer: The principles applied in developing this curriculum includes: Comprehensiveness-based the curriculum is frame in such away every aspect of life is given due emphasis. E.g. economic relations, social and spiritual activities, etc) Cooperative the curriculum see to it that it must be a learning experience for all those concerned. (students, teachers, administration, etc) Continuous and forward-looking principle the curriculum development is a continuous process and enables students to be progressive minded persons Concrete the curriculum is grounded based on understanding of the learners and not suffer from too vagueness and abstraction. Others: Principle of character building the curriculum promotes human and social values by providing a number of co-curricular activities. Principle of all-around development of body, mind and spirit the curriculum provides

c) What foundation courses are included in the new curriculum? Do you think these foundation courses are still relevant in todays changing society? Support your answer.

CURRICULUM AND TEACHING IN NURSING

MODULE THREE
Learning Activities

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK

a. What type of educational philosophy do you adhere to?

b. Based on the above answer, formulate your own philosophy of nursing education and educational objectives.

c. Based on your own philosophy, develop a simple conceptual framework using Imogen Kings example or any other nursing theory. Explain your model.