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    Exploring Random Variables

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    Janeth Marcelino
    This document discusses random variables and how to classify them as discrete or continuous. A random variable assigns a numerical value to each outcome in a sample space. Random variables that can take on countable values, like the number of heads in a coin toss, are discrete. Random variables with uncountable possible values, like weights or distances, are continuous. The document provides examples of discrete and continuous random variables and exercises to identify and assign values to random variables.

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    Exploring Random Variables

    Uploaded by

    Janeth Marcelino
    133 views22 pages
    This document discusses random variables and how to classify them as discrete or continuous. A random variable assigns a numerical value to each outcome in a sample space. Random variables that can take on countable values, like the number of heads in a coin toss, are discrete. Random variables with uncountable possible values, like weights or distances, are continuous. The document provides examples of discrete and continuous random variables and exercises to identify and assign values to random variables.

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    probability and stat

    Original Title

    PROB1

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    This document discusses random variables and how to classify them as discrete or continuous. A random variable assigns a numerical value to each outcome in a sample space. Random variables that can take on countable values, like the number of heads in a coin toss, are discrete. Random variables with uncountable possible values, like weights or distances, are continuous. The document provides examples of discrete and continuous random variables and exercises to identify and assign values to random variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    133 views22 pages

    Exploring Random Variables

    Uploaded by

    Janeth Marcelino
    This document discusses random variables and how to classify them as discrete or continuous. A random variable assigns a numerical value to each outcome in a sample space. Random variables that can take on countable values, like the number of heads in a coin toss, are discrete. Random variables with uncountable possible values, like weights or distances, are continuous. The document provides examples of discrete and continuous random variables and exercises to identify and assign values to random variables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    EXPLORING RANDOM VARIABLES

    Lesson Objectives

    At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:


    • illustrate a random variable;
    • classify random variables as discrete or
    continuous; and
    • find the possible values of a random variable.
    Pre-Assessment
    Recap:
    The set of all possible outcomes of an
    experiment is called the sample space.
    Lesson Introduction
    If three coins are tossed, what numbers can be
    assigned for the frequency of heads that will
    occur?

    If three cards are drawn from a deck, what


    number can be assigned for the frequency of face
    cards that will occur?

    The answers to these questions require an


    understanding of random variables.
    Discussion Points
    Suppose three cell phones are tested at
    random. We want to find out the number of
    defective cell phones that occur. Thus, to each
    outcome in the sample space we shall assign a
    value.
    Discussion Points
    Suppose three cell phones are tested at random.
    We want to find out the number of defective cell
    phones that occur.
    Possible Outcomes
    NNN NDD
    NND DND
    NDN DDN
    DNN DDD
    Discussion Points
    To each outcome in the sample space we shall assign a
    value.
    0 - If there is no defective cell phone
    1- if there is 1 defective cell phone
    2- if there are two defective cell phones
    3 -if there are three defective cell phones

    The number of defective cell phones is a random


    variable.
    Discussion Points

    The possible values of this random variable are


    0, 1, 2, and 3.
    Discussion Points

    A random variable is a function that associates


    a real number to each element in the sample
    space. It is a variable whose values are
    determined by chance.
    Example 1

    Tossing Three Coins


    Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the
    random variable representing the number of
    tails that occur. Find the values of the random
    variable Y. Complete the table below.
    Solution to Example 1

    The possible values of the random variable Y are


    0, 1, 2, and 3.
    Example 2
    Drawing Balls from an Urn
    Two balls are drawn in succession without
    replacement from an urn containing 5 red balls
    and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable
    representing the number of blue balls. Find the
    values of the random variable Z. Complete the
    table below.
    Solution to Example 2

    The possible values of the random variable Z are


    0, 1, and 2.
    Discussion Points
    A random variable is a discrete random variable if
    its set of possible outcomes is countable. Mostly,
    discrete random variables represent count data,
    such as the number of defective chairs produced in
    a factory.

    For Example 1, the possible values of random


    variable Y are 0, 1, 2, and 3. The possible values for
    random variable Z in Example 2, are 0, 1, and 2.
    Random variables Y and Z are discrete random
    variables.
    Discussion Points

    A random variable is a continuous random


    variable if it takes on values on a continuous
    scale. Often, continuous random variables
    represent measured data, such as heights,
    weights, and temperatures.
    Discussion Points
    Example of Continuous Random Variable

    Suppose an experiment is conducted to


    determine the distance that a certain type of car
    will travel using 10 liters of gasoline over a
    prescribed test course. If distance is a random
    variable, then we have an infinite number of
    distances that cannot be equated to the number
    of whole numbers. This is an example of a
    continuous random variable.
    Exercise 1

    Four coins are tossed. Let Z be the random


    variable representing the number of heads
    that occur. Find the values of the random
    variable Z.
    Exercise 2

    A shipment of five computers contains two that


    are slightly defective. If a retailer receives three of
    these computers at random, list the elements of
    the sample space S using the letters D and N for
    defective and non-defective computers,
    respectively. To each sample point assign a value x
    of the random variable X representing the number
    of computers purchased by the retailer which are
    slightly defective.
    Exercise 3

    Let T be a random variable giving the number


    of heads plus the number of tails in three
    tosses of a coin. List the elements of the
    sample space S for the three tosses of the coin
    and assign a value to each sample point.
    Exercise 4

    Classify the following random variables as discrete or


    continuous.
    a) the number of defective computers produced by
    a manufacturer
    b) the weight of newborns each year in a hospital
    c) the number of siblings in a family of a region
    d) the amount of paint utilized in a building project
    e) the number of dropout in a school district for a
    period of 10 years
    Summary

    A random variable is a function that associates


    a real number to each element in the sample
    space. It is a variable whose values are
    determined by chance.
    Summary

    • A random variable is a discrete random variable if its


    set of possible outcomes is countable. Mostly,
    discrete random variables represent count data, such
    as the number of defective chairs produced in a
    factory.

    • A random variable is a continuous random variable if


    it takes on values on a continuous scale. Often,
    continuous random variables represent measured
    data, such as heights, weights, and temperatures.

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