Anne Handrini Dewi BIOMEDIKA KEDOKT GIGI

SISTEM PEMBULUH DARAH

Distribusi :
- O2 terikat Hb sdm
- CO2 terikat prot sdm tu Hb/ dlm lart plasma
- Metabolit
- Hormon ke tempat yg jauh
- Plasma m’angkut nutrisi ke berbagai lokasi
- M’angkut sisa metabolisme
- Pertukaran pesan kimiawi antar organ
- Mengatur suhu badan
- Keseimbangan asam basa
- Keseimbangan osmosis
 What is the circulatory system?

 The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved

substances to and from different places in the body.

 The Heart has the job of pumping these things around

the body.

 The Heart pumps blood and substances around the

body in tubes called blood vessels.

 The Heart and blood vessels together make up the

Circulatory System.
THE HEART
 The Heart

This is a vein. It brings These are arteries.

blood from the body, They carry blood
except the lungs. away from the heart.

2 atria
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
2 ventricles blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

 The Heart

Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body

Vein from Head and Body

Vein from Lungs

Right Atrium
Left Atrium

valve valve

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

 How does the Heart work?

STEP ONE

blood from the blood from

body the lungs

The heart beat begins when the

heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

The atria then contract and

the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP THREE

The valves close to stop blood

flowing backwards.

The ventricles contract forcing

the blood to leave the heart.

At the same time, the atria are

relaxing and once again filling with
blood.

The cycle then repeats itself.

 Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts.

Lungs

the right side of the left side of

the system the system

deals with deals with

deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body cells
Blood Flow Through Heart
 Histology of heart

Striations
Intercalated
discs
Gap junctions
(discus
intercalated)
 MUSCLE TISSUE
CARDIAC
Striations (berstriae)
Involuntary (tdk
sadar/otonom)
One nucleus
Deep center
Heart muscle
 blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY
 The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

the elastic fibres allow

the artery to stretch
under pressure

thick muscle and

the thick muscle can
elastic fibres
contract to push the
(serabut elastik)
blood along.
 The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.

veins have valves which

act to stop the blood from
going in the wrong
direction.

thin muscle and

elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins so
that when they contract to move the
body, they also squeeze the veins and
push the blood along the vessel.
 The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

they exchange materials

between the blood and
other body cells.

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.
 The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

artery vein

capillaries
body cell
Gambar 1 : Hematopoesis
Eritropoesis
Eritrosit
Mieloid
Granulosit
Granulopoesis
Monosit

Sel Induk Trombosit

Pluripotensial
Trombopoesis

Limfosit T
Limfopoesis

Limfoid Limfosit B
Pembentukan sel darah :
- Dewasa : kecuali limfosit dibentuk di dalam
sumstl pipih (tl.dada, iga, panggul, belikat,
tengkorak, tl.belakang dan bagian
proksimal tl.paha dan lengan atas.
- Janin : jaringan mesoderm
- Bayi baru lahir : hati, limpa dan sumstl
hampir semua tulang.
 Sumber: Diggs et al (1985), The Morphology of Human Blood Cells, Abbot

Pluripotential
stem cell

HEMATOPOESIS

MIELOID LIMFOID
Gambar Hematopoiesis :
 Eritrosit
Lymfosit
Agranuler
Haemocytus Monosit
(seluler) Leukosit
Neutrofil
Granuler Eosinofil
DARAH
Trombosit Basofil
Plasma
- Air (90%)
- Protein (6-8%) Albumin,// globulin,fibrinogen
- Garam anorganik (0,9%)
- Seny. Organik (1%) Asam amino, glukosa, vitamin,
lipoprotein
 what’s in
digested food
red blood cells white blood cells

oxygen waste (urea)

carbon dioxide platelets

plasma hormones
 The Blood

red blood cell white blood cell

platelets plasma
 Red Blood Cells
contain haemoglobin, a
molecule specially
a biconcave disc that is
designed to hold oxygen
round and flat without a
and carry it to cells that
nucleus
need it.

can change shape to an

amazing extent, without
breaking, as it squeezes
single file through the
capillaries.
ERITROSIT :

- Sel dengan jumlah terbesar didlm darah

- Fungsi :
Mjd perantara pertukaran gas O2 & CO2 ant paru-paru & jar
- Bila tjd hipoksia, m k eritropoetin meningkat sehingga prod
eritrosit bertambah
- Bentuk : discus bikonkaf, besar 6-8um, merah
- area kepucatan ditgh 1/3 bag sitoplasma
- tidak berinti
Gb. Sel seri eritroid
Eritropoetin (erytropoetic stimulating factor) :
suatu hormon secara langsung
mempengaruhi aktivitas sums tl, peka thd
perubahan kadar O2 jaringan.
Kadar oksigen dlm jaringan ditentukan oleh :
- aliran darah
- Kadar Hb
- Saturasi HbO2
- Afinitas oksigen terhadap Hb.
Fungsi eritropoetin :
- mempercepat pembelahan sel darah
- mempermudah penyerapan besi ke dalam sel darah
- mempercepat maturasi sel darah
- mempercepat proses pembebasan dari sumsum tl
ke sirkulasi darah.

Hormon lain :
- Androgen, laktogen plasenta dan prolaktin
merangsang produksi dan aktivitas eritropoetin,
sedangkan estrogen sebaliknya akan menghambat
eritropoesis.
Metabolisme besi dan pembentukan Hb :
kekurangan zat besi  anemia def. Besi
Vit B12 dan asam folat :
untuk pembentukan DNA.
Defisiensi kedua zat diatas pematangan inti
dan sitoplasma terganggu sel menjadi
megaloblastik.
Gb. Anemia defisiensi asam folat/vit B12
Gb. Anemia defisiensi besi
 White Blood Cells
there are many different types and
all contain a big nucleus.

the two main ones are the

lymphocytes and the macrophages.

macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-

organisms .

some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy

invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
 LEUKOSIT

Leukosit :
Kelomp sel berinti yg heterogen dg fs utama utk mekanisme
defense/ pertahanan yi melindungi tbh thd rangsangan dari
luar, misal : agen-agen infeksius & benda asing, dengan
cara fagositosis dan digesti

Leukosit dlm darah tepi normal adl :

a. Granulosit : netrofil, eosinofil, basofil
b. Agranulosit : limfosit dan monosit

Leukosit granulosit dan monosit dsb dg ‘FAGOSIT’

Limfosit disebut dg ‘IMUNOSIT’, krn berperan dlm imunoglobin
sbg pbt antibodi
 LEKOSIT

Granulosit Non Granulosit

(Tdp granula dlm sitoplasma) (Tdk tdp granula dlm sitoplasma)

• Netrofil • Monosit
• Eosinofil • Limfosit
• Basofil
 Gb. Sel seri granulosit

Sel eosinofil Sel basofil Sel neutrofil

Sel limfoblas Sel prolimfosit Sel limfosit

Sel Plasma Claved limfosit Limfosit atipik

Sel monoblas Sel promonosit Sel monosit
Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell
broken off larger cells.

Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form
a blood clot.
 TROMBOSIT

Trombosit (platelet) :
Berupa partikel, tidak berinti
Ukuran kecil, sitoplasma kebiruan, bagian tengah (kromomer)
byk tdp granula , bagian tepi (hialumer) non granuler
Asal : fragmentasi sitoplasma megakaryosit (sel terbesar dlm
sumsum tlg belakng)

Fungsi trombosit :
1. Mempertahankan integritas pemblh darah
2. Membntuk sumbat hemostatik utk menghentikan perdarahan
3. Membantu faktor plasma dlm proses koagulasi.
UKURAN DAN JUMLAH SEL DARAH MERAH MANUSIA

Sel Ukuran Jumlah

Eritrosit 6,5 - 8m Lk 4,1 - 6 jt/mL

Wnt 3,9 - 5,5 jt/mL
Leukosit : 5.000 - 10.000/mL
Neutrofil 12 -15 m 60 - 79 %
Eosinofil 12 -15 m 2-4%
Basofil 12 -15 m 0-1%
Limfosit 6 - 18 m 20 - 30%
Monosit 12 - 20 m 3-8%
Trombosit 2 - 4 m 20.000-400.000/mL
 Plasma
It also contains
useful things like;

• carbon dioxide
A straw-
• glucose
coloured
liquid that • amino acids
carries the
cells and the • proteins
platelets
which help • minerals
blood clot.
• vitamins
• hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
 SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;

away from the heart. The walls of an artery

Arteries take blood ______

muscular walls and elastic fibres. Veins

are made up of thick _________

towards the heart and also have valves. The

carry blood ________

capillaries link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
_________

plasma the liquid part of the

Blood is made up of four main things ______,

oxygen White Blood cells to protect

blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______;

platelets to help blood clot.

the body from disease and _________
 KUIZ
1. Sel darah yang manakah yang mempunyai ciri histologis
dengan bentuk seperti cakram bikonkaf & tanpa nukleus?

2. Sebutkan sel darah putih yang bekerja untuk membentuk

antibodi tubuh?

3. Sebutkan 2 bilik utama jantung!

4. Sebutkan pembuluh darah yang membawa darah yang

mengandung karbondioksida?

5. Sebutkan pembuluh darah apakah yang bertugas

melakukan pertukaran gas dan nutrient di sel?