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    Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

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    Jhayce Christian S. Capanayan
    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including mechanical separation, decantation, filtration, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It provides details on how each method works, such as using filters to separate insoluble solids from liquids in filtration. Examples are given for applying each separation technique, such as using distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points.

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    Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    Jhayce Christian S. Capanayan
    235 views27 pages
    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including mechanical separation, decantation, filtration, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It provides details on how each method works, such as using filters to separate insoluble solids from liquids in filtration. Examples are given for applying each separation technique, such as using distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points.

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    Mixture

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    4. Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

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    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including mechanical separation, decantation, filtration, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It provides details on how each method works, such as using filters to separate insoluble solids from liquids in filtration. Examples are given for applying each separation technique, such as using distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    235 views27 pages

    Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    Jhayce Christian S. Capanayan
    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including mechanical separation, decantation, filtration, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It provides details on how each method works, such as using filters to separate insoluble solids from liquids in filtration. Examples are given for applying each separation technique, such as using distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 27

    Methods of Separating Components

    of Mixtures
    Your name | Teacher’s name | School
    Mixtures
    • Something is a MIXTURE if it contains two (or more)
    substances that are not chemically joined together.
    • The substances in a mixture can often be easily
    separated from one another.
    • Solubility – capability of being dissolved (solid to
    liquid)
    • Miscibility – capability of being mixed (liquid to
    liquid)
    Mixtures can be separated by means of:
    • Mechanical separation
    • Decantation
    • Filtration
    • Flotation
    • Centrifugation
    • Distillation
    • Fractional Crystallization
    • Chromatography
    Mechanical Separation
    • Involves the use of forceps, sieves,
    magnets and other similar tools.
    • Gravel and sand are separated by picking
    the gravel or passing the mixture over a
    wire screen.
    Filtration
    • The process of separating the insoluble solid
    from the liquid substance by allowing the liquid
    to pass through a porous material.
    • Residue – the solid particles which are retained
    in the filter paper.
    • Filtrate – the clear liquid which passes through
    the filter paper.
    • Example: Sand and water
    Flotation
    • A process in which some solids of a
    suspension mixture are allowed to settle
    and the less dense material is poured off.
    • Example: panning of gold
    Centrifugation
    • Speed up the settling of the precipitate.
    • The centrifuge is a motor-driven apparatus.
    • The centripetal force developed during the
    rotation brings the precipitate to the bottom
    of the tube.
    • The supernatant liquid or centrifugate is
    poured off.
    Decantation
    • To draw off a liquid without disturbing the
    sediment or the lower liquid layers into
    another vessel
    • Example: panning of gold
    Distillation (Simple)
    • Is a process that involves the evaporation and condensation
    of volatile liquid.
    • The more volatile liquid in the mixture boils off first,
    evaporates, then condenses.
    • Distillate – is the liquid formed from the condensation of the
    vapor.
    • Distillation is used for:
    a. Separating solvent from solute
    b. Liquids with different boiling points
    Fractional Distillation
    • Is a process used to separate a liquid
    mixture with a small range of boiling points.
    • The volatile components are separated one
    after another in a decreasing order of boiling
    points
    • Example: crude oil is separated into fractions
    of gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil, etc.
    Chromatography
    • Uses the difference in degree to which
    substances are absorbed on the surface of
    an inert substance.
    • Column and thin layer chromatography are
    examples of adsorption chromatography.
    • Example: color components of ink
    Give practical examples of
    how do you practice
    separation of mixtures at
    home.
    Quiz
    1

    To get salt out of a solution (separating salt


    from water) we could try_____.
    a. Melting it
    b. Evaporating the water so the salt is left
    behind
    c. Using a magnet
    d. Using the solute to redissolve it
    2

    Which one of the following methods


    would NOT be used to separate an
    insoluble solid and a liquid?
    a. flotation
    b. decanting
    c. evaporation
    d. filtration
    3

    Which one of the following pairs of


    separation techniques will BOTH separate
    sand from a mixture of salt and water.
    a. Decanting and distillation
    b. Decanting and filtration
    c. Chromatography and evaporation
    d. Distillation and evaporation
    4

    If I pour the water off after I boil the


    potatoes, what separation technique did I
    practice?
    a. Filtration
    b. Decanting
    c. Flotation
    d. Mechanical separation
    5

    Which of the following separations cannot


    be carried out using a centrifuge?
    a. water from wet clothes
    b. salt from sea water
    c. red blood cells from plasma
    d. cream from milk
    Index of Mastery
    Sections
    Scores
    STEM - A STEM - B STEM - C
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1
    0
    Total 0 0 0
    #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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