Kingdom Protista

KINGDOM
PROTISTA
1
KINGDOM PROTISTA
•Group of organisms which do not fit into other
Kingdoms
•Moneran (bacteria), Animalia, Plantae, Fungi
•Much more complicated than Monerans
•They represent the intermediate step in the
evolution of the other three kingdoms
2
KINGDOM PROTISTA
•Made up of a complex eukaryotic cell (unicellular)
or cells (multicellular)
•Eukaryotes have cellular organelles, and
prokaryotes (bacteria) do not
•Kingdom has organisms that demonstrate both

animal and plant-like characteristics
•Some members make their own food (________)
autotrophs
heterotrophs
•Some ingest food from outside (____________)
3
KINGDOM PROTISTA
•Organisms separated based on feeding behaviors
Autotrophs Heterotrophs
green algae amoeboids
brown algae ciliates
red algae zooflagellates
diatoms sporozoans
dinoflagellates plasmodial slime molds
euglenoids cellular slime molds
water molds
4
•All Protozoa can reproduce asexually
•One “parent” for reproduction
•Called binary fission
•During binary fission, one
protozoan cell divides into two
identical individuals.
5
KINGDOM PROTISTA
•Inhabit aquatic (______)
water areas and terrestrial
(_____)
land areas
•Protists are classified into 12 Phyla which can be
placed into 3 main groups
plant-like
6
Kingdom Protista
7
Animal-like protists
•All heterotrophs
•classified by the 4 ways they move:
1) Cilia - tiny beating hair-like structures
•Coordinated
movement between
individual cilia
2) Flagellum(a) - whip-like tail(s)
•Back and forth
wave motion
8
Animal-like protists
•classified by the 4 ways they move:

3) Pseudopodia - projection of cytoplasm that
sticks out like a foot (“false
foot”)
4) Sessile - No locomotion (_________)

movement
9
Animal-like protists - Examples
1. Amoeba
 just visible to the naked eye
 comes from the Greek word

amoibe which means “change”
 unicellular
moves by pseudopodia which give appearance
of cell changing size and shape

 aquatic - lives in ponds, ditches or slowly
moving streams
 can cause disease – amoebic dysentery
 ingests small organisms like bacteria and

other protozoans 10
1. Amoeba
 feeding sequence
 psuedopodia surround
and engulf food particle
 process called
phagocytosis
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2. Paramecium
•Unicellular, slipper-shaped
•move by coordinated
beating of many cilia
•aquatic - mostly found in ponds and streams

•usually do not cause diseases in humans
12
2. Paramecium - continued
•Feeding occurs in the
funnel-shaped gullet
(buccal cavity) where
food is drawn in by
external and internal cilia
to form food vacuole
•ingests organic detritus

and other small organisms
like bacteria and other
protozoans 13
•Food to waste pathway
14
•Reproduction
1. Binary fission (________)
asexual
N = nucleus
F = Fission plane
15
•Reproduction
2. Conjugation (________)
sexual
•Form structure called

conjugation tube to
exchange genetic material
16
Animal-like protists: The Sporozoan
Characteristics of Sporozoans (Animal-like)

Sporozoa do not move on their own
•mostly common in tropical areas
•protist that reproduce by forming spores
•they are usually parasitic
•sporozoans named Plasmodium causes malaria
•its caused by female mosquitos
•humans get malaria when bitten by an
infected mosquito
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18
PLANT-LIKE PROTIST
•Have chlorophyll
•Make their own food
•They can live in 4 main environments:
•freshwater •soil
•salt water •tree bark
•they produce large amounts of oxygen which are
used by other living organisms
•they are grouped according to color & stucture
•into 5 main groups:
1) euglena 2) diatoms 3) dinoflagelletes
4) red dinoflagellates 5) algae 19
PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
•they are grouped according to color & stucture
A) Euglena D) Red Dinoflagellates
B) Diatom
E) Green Algae
C) Dinoflagellates
20
A) Euglena-
•one celled alga that
moves with one flagellum
•lives in fresh water

•reproduces asexually
•red eyespot near front end to find light…Why?
•have chlorophyll and can make their own

food ( autotroph)
21
A) Euglena Continued-
contains
disk-shaped
chloroplasts
•organelle is the site of photosynthesis

and gets its name from the presence of
the green pigments (the chlorophylls) 22
B) Diatom
•beautiful one celled protists
•come in many shapes
•EX: boats, rods, disks, triangles
•important food source for water dwelling animals
•cell covering is made up of 2 overlapping parts
•Think of a box with a lid
•made of the same material as glass
•cell coverings do not decay (when dead)
•used for toothpaste, scouring powders, & filters
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C) Dinoflagellates
•Algae that is usually found in oceans
•Usually brown or red in color
•Have hidden chlorophyll due to dark pigments
•Move by two flagella

•Read & Highlight hand-out on Dinoflagellates
24
•produce large numbers which turns the ocean red

•responsible for “red tides”
•produce chemicals that kill thousands of fish
•humans can become ill if they eat shell fish
that have absorbed these chemicals
•common off the coast of Florida or other
warmer areas 25
 Red Tide 
26
 Red Tide Kills Fish 
Absorbed red
dinoflagellates
After encountering and absorbing a red tide..a

stingray becomes disoriented. They have the
appearance of not being able to see or control
what they are doing. Eventually the ray will
stay at the surface lying horizontally and die.
27
E) Green Algae
•Come in many different forms
•can be unicellular or multicellular
spirogyra
•they produce O2 in H2O
•serve as food for fish, snails, and crayfish
•usually found in “colonies”
•Colony – a group of cells that live together
chlorella
desmids
28
Algae Examples
•EX: volvox colony
•Arranged in a single layer
with flagella facing outward
•The flagella beat and the
colony spins through the water
•EX: Kelp (brown algae)

…aka….“sea weed”
•used by humans for food
•also used to thicken food
such as ice cream and jelly
29
30
FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Slime Molds:
•fungus-like protists that are consumers
•live in cool, damp places EX: forest floor
•feed on bacteria growing on rotting logs and
decaying leaves
•some are parasites (very few)
31
FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Life Cycle of Slime Molds:
Step 1 –
slimy mass that moves like an amoeba
•beautiful colors of red, yellow, or violet
Step 2 –
stops growing and moving
•produces spores inside a structure on a stalk
Step 3 –
spores develop into little cells w/ flagella
•then each cell loses its flagella and grows
into a slimy mass again 32
3 1
33
Directions: Write out & highlight the following
questions
1) List the three main (groups) types of protists?

2) Give two examples of animal-like protists.
3) What are sporozoans? Give one example.
4) List the 3 structures protozoan use for

locomotion.
5) List 5 plant-like protists?

6) Why are algae important?
7) Explain why red tides occur and what causes
them. 34

Kingdom Protista

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KINGDOM

•Kingdom has organisms that demonstrate both

•classified by the 4 ways they move:

4) Sessile - No locomotion (_________)

 comes from the Greek word

moves by pseudopodia which give appearance

of cell changing size and shape

 ingests small organisms like bacteria and

•aquatic - mostly found in ponds and streams

•ingests organic detritus

•Form structure called

Characteristics of Sporozoans (Animal-like)

•lives in fresh water

•have chlorophyll and can make their own

•organelle is the site of photosynthesis

•Algae that is usually found in oceans

•Usually brown or red in color

•Have hidden chlorophyll due to dark pigments

•Move by two flagella

•produce large numbers which turns the ocean red

After encountering and absorbing a red tide..a

•EX: Kelp (brown algae)

1) List the three main (groups) types of protists?

4) List the 3 structures protozoan use for

5) List 5 plant-like protists?

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