Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 54 views

    Catalytic Converter: Welmer C. Tadiosa

    Uploaded by

    Jad Macintosh
    The document discusses the history and purpose of catalytic converters. It explains that catalytic converters were invented in the 1950s to reduce air pollution from vehicle exhaust. They work by catalyzing chemical reactions to convert harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from engine exhaust into less harmful emissions like carbon dioxide and water vapor. Modern cars use a three-way catalytic converter that can both oxidize and reduce these pollutants before exhaust is released.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Catalytic Converter: Welmer C. Tadiosa

    Uploaded by

    Jad Macintosh
    54 views18 pages
    The document discusses the history and purpose of catalytic converters. It explains that catalytic converters were invented in the 1950s to reduce air pollution from vehicle exhaust. They work by catalyzing chemical reactions to convert harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from engine exhaust into less harmful emissions like carbon dioxide and water vapor. Modern cars use a three-way catalytic converter that can both oxidize and reduce these pollutants before exhaust is released.

    Original Description:

    for vehicle mmisiion

    Original Title

    Catalytic Converter

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the history and purpose of catalytic converters. It explains that catalytic converters were invented in the 1950s to reduce air pollution from vehicle exhaust. They work by catalyzing chemical reactions to convert harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from engine exhaust into less harmful emissions like carbon dioxide and water vapor. Modern cars use a three-way catalytic converter that can both oxidize and reduce these pollutants before exhaust is released.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    54 views18 pages

    Catalytic Converter: Welmer C. Tadiosa

    Uploaded by

    Jad Macintosh
    The document discusses the history and purpose of catalytic converters. It explains that catalytic converters were invented in the 1950s to reduce air pollution from vehicle exhaust. They work by catalyzing chemical reactions to convert harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from engine exhaust into less harmful emissions like carbon dioxide and water vapor. Modern cars use a three-way catalytic converter that can both oxidize and reduce these pollutants before exhaust is released.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    CATALYTIC CONVERTER

    WELMER C. TADIOSA
    • History of the catalytic converter
    • The catalytic converter was invented by Eugene Houdry, a
    French mechanical engineer and expert in catalytic oil refining
    who lived in the U.S. around 1950. When the results of early
    studies of smog in Los Angeles were published, Houdry
    became concerned about the role of smoke stack exhaust and
    automobile exhaust in air pollution and founded a company,
    Oxy-Catalyst. Houdry first developed catalytic converters for
    smoke stacks called cats for short. Then he developed
    catalytic converters for warehouse fork lifts that used low
    grade non-leaded gasoline. Then in the mid 1950s he began
    research to develop catalytic converters for gasoline engines
    used on cars. He was awarded United States Patent 2742437
    for his work.
    • Catalytic converters were further developed
    by a series of engineers including John J.
    Mooney and Carl D. Keith at the Engelhard
    Corporation, creating the first production
    catalytic converter in 1973.
    • What is catalytic converter
    • Catalytic converters are one of the major components found
    in modern exhaust systems. They are installed inline with the
    exhaust manifold, muffler, and connecting pipes, and perform
    an important function in relation to emission controls. These
    components function by catalyzing various chemical reactions
    in order to convert some of the more harmful or hazardous
    byproducts of internal combustion into more innocuous
    compounds. The three primary compounds that are dealt
    with by catalytic converters are CO (carbon monoxide), UHCs
    (unburned hydrocarbons), and NOx (nitrogen monoxide and
    nitrogen dioxide).
    • A catalytic converter is a large metal box, bolted
    to the underside of your car, that has two pipes
    coming out of it. One of them (the converter's
    "input") is connected to the engine and brings in
    hot, polluted fumes from the engine's cylinders
    (where the fuel burns and produces power). The
    second pipe (the converter's "output") is
    connected to the tailpipe (exhaust). As the gases
    from the engine fumes blow over the catalyst,
    chemical reactions take place on its surface,
    breaking apart the pollutant gases and converting
    them into other gases that are safe enough to
    blow harmlessly out into the air.
    • in automobiles, a component of emission
    control systems used to reduce the discharge
    of noxious and polluting gases from the
    internal-combustion engine. The catalytic
    converter consists of an insulated chamber
    containing a honeycomb structure or pellets
    coated withcatalyst through which the
    exhaust gases are passed. Hydrocarbons and
    carbon monoxide in the exhaust are oxidized
    to water vapour and carbon dioxide, and
    nitrogen oxides are reduced tonitrogen and
    oxygen.
    Theory
    • To solve those problems, cities, states and the
    federal government create clean-air laws that
    restrict the amount of pollution that cars can
    produce. Over the years, automakers have made
    many refinements to car engines and fuel
    systems to keep up with these laws. One of these
    changes came about in 1975 with an interesting
    device called a catalytic converter. The job of the
    catalytic converter is to convert harmful
    pollutants into less harmful emissions before they
    ever leave the car’s exhaust system.
    • A catalyst is simply a chemical that makes a chemical
    reaction go faster without itself changing in the process.
    It's a bit like an athletics coach who stands by the side of
    the track and shouts at the runners to go faster. The
    coach doesn't run anywhere; he just stands there, waves
    his arms about, and makes the runners speed up. In a
    catalytic converter, the catalyst's job is to speed up the
    removal of pollution. The catalyst is made
    from platinumor a similar, platinum-like metal such as
    palladium or rhodium.
    • One very important thing to note about catalytic
    converters is that they require you to use unleaded fuel,
    because the lead in conventional fuel "poisons" the
    catalyst and prevents it from taking up the pollutants in
    exhaust gases.
    • Parts of CatCon
    • Types of catalytic converter
    • Two-way
    • A two-way (or “oxidation”) catalytic converter
    has two simultaneous tasks:
    • Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon
    dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2
    • Oxidation of hydrocarbons (unburnt and
    partially burnt fuel) to carbon dioxide and
    water: H2O (a combustion reaction)
    • This type of catalytic converter is widely used
    on diesel engines to reduce hydrocarbon and
    carbon monoxide emissions. They were also
    used on gasoline engines in American- and
    Canadian-market automobiles until 1981.
    Because of their inability to control oxides of
    nitrogen, they were superseded by three-way
    converters.
    • Three-way
    • Since 1981, “three-way” (oxidation-reduction) catalytic
    converters have been used in vehicle emission control
    systems in the United States and Canada; many other
    countries have also adopted stringent vehicle emission
    regulations that in effect require three-way converters on
    gasoline-powered vehicles. The reduction and oxidation
    catalysts are typically contained in a common housing,
    however in some instances they may be housed separately.
    A three-way catalytic converter has three simultaneous
    tasks:
    • Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen: 2NOx
    → xO2 + N2
    • Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2
    → 2CO2
    • Oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide
    and water:H2O.
    • The three harmful compounds are:

    • Hydrocarbons (in the form of unburned


    gasoline)
    • Carbon monoxide (formed by the combustion
    of gasoline)
    • Nitrogen oxides (created when the heat in
    the engine forces nitrogen in the air to
    combine with oxygen)

    You might also like