Reprot Physics. Momentum

MOMENTUM & IMPULSE
2:30 4:00/ MW
Physics Lecture 1
Engr. Romeo G. Tagulinao
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The sports announcer says, "Going into the

all-star break, the Chicago White Sox have
the momentum." The headlines declare
"Chicago Bulls Gaining Momentum." The
coach pumps up his team at half-time, saying
"You have the momentum; the critical need is
that you use that momentum and bury them
in this third quarter."
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What is Momentum?
Momentum is a commonly used term in
sports. A team that has the momentum is
on the move and is going to take some effort
to stop. A team that has a lot of momentum is
really on the move and is going to be hard to
stop. Momentum is a physics term; it refers to
the quantity of motion that an object has. A
sports team that is on the move has the
momentum. If an object is in motion (on the
move) then it has momentum.
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Momentum is a vector quantity that is the

product of the mass and the velocity of an
object or particle. The standard unit of
momentum magnitude is the kilogram-meter
per second (kg m/s). Alternatively, the gramcentimeter per second (g cm/s) can be used
to express momentum magnitude. The
direction of a momentum vector can be
expressed in various ways, depending on the
number of dimensions involved, and is the
same as the direction of the velocity vector.
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Momentum can be defined as "mass in

motion." All objects have mass; so if an object is
moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass
in motion. The amount of momentum that an
object has is dependent upon two variables: how
much stuff is moving and how fast the stuff is
moving. Momentum depends upon the
variables mass and velocity. In terms of an
equation, the momentum of an object is equal to
the mass of the object times the velocity of the
object.
Momentum = mass velocity
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In physics, the symbol for the quantity

momentum is the lower case p. Thus, the
equation can be rewritten as
p=mv
Where:
m is the mass
v is the velocity.
The equation illustrates that momentum is
directly proportional to an object's mass and
directly proportional to the object's velocity.
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The units for momentum would be mass units

times velocity units. The standard metric unit
of momentum is the kgm/s. While the kgm/s
is the standard metric unit of momentum,
there are a variety of other units that are
acceptable (though not conventional) units of
momentum.
Examples includes:
kgmi/hr, kgkm/hr, and gcm/s.
In each of these examples, a mass unit is
multiplied by a velocity unit to provide a
momentum unit. This is consistent with the
equation for momentum.
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Momentum: a Vector Quantity

Momentum is a vector quantity. As discussed in
an earlier lesson, a vector quantity is a quantity
that is fully described by both magnitude and
direction. To fully describe the momentum of a 5kg bowling ball moving westward at 2 m/s,
you must include information about both the
magnitude and the direction of the bowling ball. It
is not enough to say that the ball has 10 kgm/s of
momentum; the momentum of the ball is not fully
described until information about its direction is
given. The direction of the momentum vector is
the same as the direction of the velocity of the
ball.
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Lets Practice
1.
2.
A 1200 kg car drives west at 25 m/s for 3

hours. What is the cars momentum?
A car possesses 20 000 units of
momentum. What would be the car's new
momentum if ...
a) its velocity was doubled.
b) its velocity was tripled.
c) its mass was doubled (by adding more
passengers and a greater load)
d) both its velocity was doubled and its
mass was doubled.
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Answer for Number 1

1.
A 1200 kg car drives west at 25 m/s for 3

hours. What is the cars momentum?
Identify the variables:
1200 kg = mass
25m/s, west = velocity
3 hours = time
Formula: P = mv
1200 x 25 = 30000 kg m/s^2, west
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Answer for Number 2

A.
B.
C.
D.
p = 40 000 units (doubling the velocity

will double the momentum)
p = 60 000 units (tripling the velocity will
triple the momentum)
p = 40 000 units (doubling the mass will
double the momentum)
p = 80 000 units (doubling the velocity
will double the momentum and doubling
the mass will also double the momentum;
the combined result is that the momentum
is doubled twice -quadrupled)
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What is Impulse?
The impulse of a force (also measured in
N/s) is equal to the change in momentum of a
body which a force causes. This is also equal
to the magnitude of the force multiplied by the
length of time the force is applied.
Impulse = change in momentum
Impulse = force time
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Lets Practice
1.
An object travels with a velocity 4m/s to the east.

Then, its direction of motion and magnitude of
velocity are changed. Picture given below shows
the directions and magnitudes of velocities. Find
the impulse given to this object.
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Answer
1.
I=F.t=p=m.V
where V=V2-V1=-3-4=-7m/s
I=m.V=3.(-7)=-21kg.m/s
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Impulse Momentum
Relationship
Ft mv
IMPULSE
CHANGE IN MOMENTUM
This theorem reveals
some interesting
relationships such as
the INVERSE
relationship between
FORCE and TIME
mv
F
t
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Impulse Momentum
Relationship
fT mV
Constant
Since TIME is directly

related to the VELOCITY
when the force and mass
are constant, the LONGER
the cannonball is in the
barrel the greater the
velocity.
Also, you could say that the
force acts over a larger
displacement, thus there is
more WORK. The work done
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These concepts are merely an outgrowth

of Newton's second law as discussed in an
earlier lessons. Newton's second law
(Fnet = m a) stated that the acceleration of an
object is directly proportional to the net force
acting upon the object and inversely proportional
to the mass of the object. When combined with
the definition of acceleration (a = change in
velocity / time), the following equalities result.
F=ma
or
F = m v / t
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If both sides of the above equation are multiplied by

the quantity t, a new equation results.
F t = m v
This equation represents one of two primary
principles to be used in the analysis of collisions
during this unit. To truly understand the equation, it is
important to understand its meaning in words. In
words, it could be said that the force times the time
equals the mass times the change in velocity. In
physics, the quantity Force time is known
as impulse. And since the quantity mv is the
momentum, the quantity mv must be the change in
momentum. The equation really says that the
Impulse = Change in momentum
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Representing a Rebounding
Collision
Now consider a collision of a tennis ball with
a wall. Depending on the physical properties
of the ball and wall, the speed at which the
ball rebounds from the wall upon colliding
with it will vary. The diagrams in the next slide
depict the changes in velocity of the same
ball.
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From the representation (vector diagram, velocitytime graph, and ticker tape pattern), indicate which
case (A or B) has:
A. The greatest change in velocity
B. The greatest acceleration
C. The greatest momentum change
D. The greatest impulse.
Support each answer.
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Answer
A.The
velocity change is greatest in case B. The

velocity changes from +30 m/s to -28 m/s. This is a
change of 58 m/s (-) and is greater than in case A (15 m/s).
B.The acceleration is greatest in case B. Acceleration
depends on velocity change and the velocity change
is greatest in case B (as stated above)
C.The momentum change is greatest in case B.
Momentum change depends on velocity change and
the velocity change is greatest in case B (as stated
above).
D.The impulse is greatest in case B. Impulse equals
momentum change and the momentum change is
greatest in case B (as stated above).
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Members
Danielle
Joseph H. Buban
Camille J. Ramos
Nicolas Recto
Jerric A. Dulguime
Duane De Rama
Engr. Romeo G. Tagulinao
2:30 4:00/ MW
Physics Lecture 1
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Sources
http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/BackGround/Impul
seFunc/ImpFunc.html
http://www.physicstutorials.org/home/exams/i
mpulse-momentum-exams-andsolutions/impulse-momentum-exam1-andsolutions
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/mome
ntum/Lesson-1/Real-World-Applications
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/mome
ntum/Lesson-1/Momentum-and-ImpulseConnection

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MOMENTUM & IMPULSE

The sports announcer says, "Going into the

Momentum is a vector quantity that is the

Momentum can be defined as "mass in

In physics, the symbol for the quantity

The units for momentum would be mass units

Momentum: a Vector Quantity

A 1200 kg car drives west at 25 m/s for 3

Answer for Number 1

A 1200 kg car drives west at 25 m/s for 3

Answer for Number 2

p = 40 000 units (doubling the velocity

An object travels with a velocity 4m/s to the east.

Since TIME is directly

These concepts are merely an outgrowth

If both sides of the above equation are multiplied by

velocity change is greatest in case B. The

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