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    Anatomy of Temporomandibular Joint

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    MELYANA_WANTI
    The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a compound joint formed between the mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa. It contains articular disc that divides it into two cavities. The joint allows hinge and gliding movements and is surrounded by a capsule and ligaments. Four muscles are involved in mastication - masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid. Contraction of these muscles elevates, protrudes and moves the mandible. The TMJ is classified as a synovial joint containing synovial fluid that acts as a lubricant.

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    Anatomy of Temporomandibular Joint

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    MELYANA_WANTI
    67 views36 pages
    The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a compound joint formed between the mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa. It contains articular disc that divides it into two cavities. The joint allows hinge and gliding movements and is surrounded by a capsule and ligaments. Four muscles are involved in mastication - masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid. Contraction of these muscles elevates, protrudes and moves the mandible. The TMJ is classified as a synovial joint containing synovial fluid that acts as a lubricant.

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    The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a compound joint formed between the mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa. It contains articular disc that divides it into two cavities. The joint allows hinge and gliding movements and is surrounded by a capsule and ligaments. Four muscles are involved in mastication - masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid. Contraction of these muscles elevates, protrudes and moves the mandible. The TMJ is classified as a synovial joint containing synovial fluid that acts as a lubricant.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    67 views36 pages

    Anatomy of Temporomandibular Joint

    Uploaded by

    MELYANA_WANTI
    The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a compound joint formed between the mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa. It contains articular disc that divides it into two cavities. The joint allows hinge and gliding movements and is surrounded by a capsule and ligaments. Four muscles are involved in mastication - masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid. Contraction of these muscles elevates, protrudes and moves the mandible. The TMJ is classified as a synovial joint containing synovial fluid that acts as a lubricant.

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    of 36

    ANATOMY OF

    TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
    TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
    Two components :
    PASIF COMPONENTS
    1.Bone
    - Fossa mandibularis ossis temporalis
    - Capitulum mandibula ( condyle )
    - Tuberculum articulare
    ( articular eminence )
    2.Capsule and ligaments
    3.Articular disc
    ACTIVE COMPONENTS
    Masticator muscles
    1. Masseter
    2. Temporalis
    3. Pterygoideus medialis
    4. Pterygoideus lateralis
    Additional muscles
    Considered as a ginglymoarthrodial joint :
    - hinging movement ~ ginglymoid joint
    - gliding movement ~ arthrodial joint

    It is formed by mandibular condyle fitting


    into mandibular fossa and the two bones is
    separated by articular disc

    It is classified as a compound joint ( at


    least 3 bones ) ~ functionally the articular
    disc served as a nonossified bone
    The TMJ is divided into superior and inferior
    cavity by the articular disc
    1. Superior cavity
    - Superior : fossa mandibula
    Inferior : discus articularis
    - Gliding action between condyle and
    articular eminence
    2. Inferior cavity
    - Superior : discus articularis
    Inferior : condyle
    - Hinge action between undersurface of the
    disc and the rotating surface of the condyle
    MANDIBULAR CONDYLE
    = Processus condyloideus
    - It is the posterior portion of the ramus
    mandibula that extends upward
    - Mediolateral : 15 – 20 mm
    Anteroposterior : 8 – 10 mm
    - Anterior view : medial and lateral poles,
    the medial pole generally more prominent
    - The actual articulating surface ~ extends
    anteriorly and posteriorly to the most
    superior aspect ( P > A )
    MANDIBULAR FOSSA
    - The squamous portion of the temporal
    bone ( concave )
    - Anterior : a convex bony prominence
    ( tubercle ) = articular eminence
    - Posterior : squamotympanic fissure (M-L)
    ~ anteromedial : petrosquamous fissure
    ~ posteromedial : petrotympanic fissure
    CAPSULE AND LIGAMENTS

    1.Capsula articularis ~ capsular ligament


    - It surrounds the entire TMJ
    - Superior attachment ~ the borders of the
    articular surface of the mandibular fossa
    and articular eminence
    Inferior attachment ~ collum mandibula
    - Function :
    ~ to resist any medial, lateral or inferior
    forces that tend to separate or dislocate the
    articular surface
    ~ to retain the synovial fluid
    2.Collateral ( discal ) ligaments
    - From medial and lateral borders of the disc to
    the poles of the condyle
    ~ the medial discal ligament
    ~ the lateral discal ligament
    - Dividing the joint mediolaterally into superior and
    inferior joint cavities
    - Composed of collagenous connective tissue
    - Function :
    ~ allow the disc move passively with the condyle
    as it glides A - P
    ~ permit the disc to be rotated A-P on
    the articular surface of the condyle

    - These ligaments are responsible for the


    hinging movement between the condyle
    and the articular disc
    - They have a vascular supply and are
    innervated
    3.Temporomandibular ligament
    - It lies at the lateral aspect of the capsular
    ligament
    - Composed of two parts :
    *Outer oblique portion
    From the outer surface of the articular
    tubercle and zygomatic process postero
    inferiorly to the outer surface of the
    condylar neck ~ it resists excessive
    dropping of the condyle so limiting the
    the extent of mouth opening
    * Inner horizontal portion
    From the outer surface of the
    articular tubercle and zygomatic
    process posteriorly and horizontally
    to the lateral pole of the condyle
    and posterior part of the articular
    disc ~ it limits posterior movement
    of the condyle and disc
    4.Sphenomandibular ligament
    - It is an accesory ligament
    - From the spine of the sphenoid bone and
    extends downward to lingula mandibula
    5.Stylomandibular ligament
    - The second accesory ligament
    - From the styloid process and extends
    downward and forward to the angle and
    posterior border of the ramus mandibula
    - It limits excessive protrusive movements
    of the mandible
    ARTICULAR DISC
    - Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue
    devoid of any blood vessels or nerve fibers
    - Sagittal plane ~ can be divided into 3 regions
    according to thickness
    - anterior border
    - posterior border ~ slightly thicker than
    anterior border
    - central area is the thinnest ~ intermediate
    zone ~ in which condyle is located normally
    The articular surface of the mandibular fossa and
    condyle are lined with dense fibrous connective
    tissue ~ affords several advantages over hyaline
    cartilage :
    - less susceptible to the effects of aging
    ~ less likely to break down over time
    - a better ability to repair

    The internal surface of the joint cavity are


    surrounded by specialized endothelial cells that
    form a synovial lining ~ produces synovial fluid
    So TMJ ~ a synovial joint
    The synovial fluid serves two purposes :
    1. Acts as a medium for providing metabolic
    requirement, since the articular surfaces of the
    joint are nonvascular
    2. As a lubricant during function

    Two mechanisms of the lubrication :


    1. Boundary lubrication
    Prevents friction in the moving joint
    2. Weeping lubrication
    Eliminates friction in the compressed but not
    moving joint
    MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
    MASSETER
    - Rectangular muscle
    - There is two portions or heads ( caput )
    Superficial head ( Caput superficial )
    Origo : - processus zygomaticus ossis
    maxillae
    - 2/3 ventral of the inferior border of the
    zygomatic arch
    Insertio : extends downward and backward to the
    tuberositas masseterica
    Profundus head ( Caput profundus )
    Origo : - 1/3 dorsal of the inferior border of
    the zygomatic arch
    - medial surface of the zygomatic
    arch
    Insertio : extends downward and forward to
    ramus mandibula and lateral
    surface of processus coronoideus
    - As fibers of the masseter contract ~
    mandible is elevated and the teeth are
    brought into contact

    - The superficial portion may also aid in


    protruding the mandible ~ the deep portion
    stabilize the condyle against articular
    eminence
    TEMPORALIS
    - A fan-shaped muscle
    - Origo : - temporal fossa
    Its fibers extend downward between the
    zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of
    the skull
    Insertio : - processus coronoideus
    - ramus mandibula
    - Contraction of the muscle elevates the
    mandible and the teeth brought into
    contact
    - If only portions contract, the mandible is
    moved according to the direction of those
    fibers that are activated
    PTERYGOIDEUS MEDIALIS
    - Consists 2 heads ( caput )
    Caput superficial
    Origo : - facies medialis lamina lateralis
    processus pterygoideus ( fossa
    pterygoideus )
    - processus pyramidalis ossis
    palatina
    Caput profundus
    Origo : - processus pyramidalis ossis
    palatina
    - tuber maxillae
    Extend downward, backward and outward
    to insert along the medial surface of the
    mandibular angle (tuberositas
    pterygoidea)
    - With the masseter, it forms a muscular
    sling ~ support the mandible
    - Contraction ~ mandible is elevated and
    the teeth are brought into contact
    - It is also active in protruding the mandible
    - Unilateral contraction ~ mediotrusive
    movement of the mandible
    PTERYGOIDEUS LATERALIS
    It consists 2 heads or bellies with different
    function
    • Caput superior
    Origo : facies infratemporalis ala magna
    ossis sphenoidalis,
    extending almost horizontally, back
    ward and outward to insert on the :
    articular capsule, the disc and the
    neck of the condyle ( fovea pterygoid )
    • Caput inferior
    Origo : - facies lateralis lamina lateralis
    processus pterygoideus
    extends backward, upward and outward to
    insert on the neck of the condyle ( fovea
    pterygoidea )
    Function :
    - The superior lateral pterygoid is active during
    power stroke ~ closure mandible against
    resistance ( chewing and clenching )
    - While the inferior active during opening, the
    superior remains inactive, becoming active only
    in conjunction with the elevator
    - The right and left inferior contracts
    simultaneously ~ the condyles are pulled down
    the articular eminence and the mandible is
    protruded
    - The inferior functions with the mandibular
    depressors ~ the mandible is lowered and the
    condyles gide forward and downward on the
    articular eminences

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