Pakistan and Afghanistan

Relations
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2014-ag-4427 2014-ag-4437 SECTION-4B2
Agri.Engg.
 s
Pak –Afghan
Relationships

Phase I pre USSR invasion

Phase II post USSR invasion

Phase III terrorism

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There have been ups and down in Pak Afghan relations since 1947. During this
period the relations remained fluctuating from tense to peaceful at different
occasion
date incident Effects on pak afghan
relationships
November 1947 Meeting between the friendship treaty remained vague
special envoy of King
Zahir Shah and
Pakistani statesmen in
Karachi,
May 8 1948 Afghan ambassador gesture of goodwill
meeting with Quaid-e-
azam
May 26, King Zahir Shah gesture of goodwill
1948 speech
June 1948 Loyai Jirga rejected all Weakens the relationships
treaties,
date incident Effects on pak
afghan
relationships

March 1949 Afghanistan's Weakens the

activities of relationships
mobilizing its
troops on the
Pakistani side of
the border
June 30, 1950 British Parliament Weakens the
confirmed The relationships
Durand Line is the
international
frontier
March 17,1950 Pakistan Air Force resentment in
bombed some Afghanistan
Pashtun
Villages
date incident Effects on pak
afghan
relationships

September 1951 Publication of Weakens the

pashtunistan relationships
including areas of
NWFP,chitral and
blochistan
1955 War eruption at Weakens the
afghan border relationships
May 1958 transit facilities Strengthen the
through relationships
Pakistan
1961 Pak afghan fighting Weakens the
in banjaur relationships
area,closure of
consulates and
border,stop crop
export
May 28, 1963 Borders re- Strengthen the
opened,trade start relationships
 date incident Effects on pak
afghan
relationships

March 1965 Five year transit Strengthen the

trade relationships
1970 Economic co- Strengthen the
operation,technical relationships
assistance
January 1972 Bhutto meeting Good outcome
with president
Daud
1974 Air service stopped
1975 Pashtunistan issue
subsided
1976 President Daud stopped the Afghan
visit to Pakistan mass media
propaganda against
Pakistan,air service
resumed
Bhutto govt was overthrown in 1977
Daud govt was overthrown in 1978
• Saur revolution:
• Elimination of Daud by communist forces in April 1978 . Kabul was taken over by the People's Democratic Party of
Afghanistan (PDPA).
• The country was renamed the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
• Soviet invasion:
• The December, 27th 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which killed Hafizullah Amin and installed Babrak Karmal as the
country’s president.
• Which created a frightening situation for Pakistan as it brought the Red Army dangerously close to the Khyber Pass, the
traditional gateway of invasions of South Asia from the north.
• American assistance to Pakistan
• President Carter, on May 4, 1980, declared:
• “We will provide military equipment, food and other assistance to help Pakistan defend its independence and national
security against the seriously increased threat from the north.”
• Pakistani assistance to Mujahidin:
• The leading recipient of American aid was Hezb-i-Islami that proved to be the trust worthy and deserving resistance force.
• It was Pakistan’s skill-full use of intelligence and resources against Soviet forces that made Afghanistan a ‘bleeding wound’
for Moscow.
• VISIT OF GENERAL ZIA
• March 5, 1978 the military ruler, General Zia freed all the imprisoned Pakhtun and Baloch leaders that was appreciated by
Daud.
 It was a ‘big step forward’ in their relations.

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• Pakistan’s close collaboration with the Afghan guerrilla leadership
continued to exist till the withdrawal of Soviet troops. However the post
withdrawal period is marked with an increased hostility between the
Afghan groups as the scramble for Kabul began .
Thus as a consequence, Pakistan’s relations with certain Afghan groups
were strained, particularly with the ruling coalition under Burhanudin
Rabbani.
 PHASE 3
• Taliban Phenomenon
• Taliban started their juggernaut and almost occupied the whole of Afghanistan by 2001. The Taliban
regime recognized only by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, was condemned by the rest of
the world community for their introduction of “medieval brand of Islam.”
• 9/11 ATTACK
• The gruesome event of 9/11 took place. US blamed Taliban and Al-Qaeda and formed a formidable
coalition against them with Pakistan as a front line state.
 They were also accused of harbouring Al-Qaeda and its leader Osama bin Laden.
 RESPONSE OF USA
 USA attacked the Afghanistan during era of Taliban by passing through Sindh Pakistan .
 IMPACT ON RELATIONS
• The US intervention in Afghanistan in pursuit of Al-Qaeda did not change Pak-Afghan relations for better.

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• After sucessfull completion of presidential election Pervez Mushraf made a visit to Afghanistan in 2002.
• And made an announcement of 100milion dollar aid for the reconstruction of Afghanistan.
• Hamid Karzai visit to Pakistan:
• Pakistan supported the interim set up and Hamid Karzai paid an official visit to Pakistan in February 2002.
• And started again bilateral relations on friendly terms.
• Pakistan offered all sort of moral, political and economic support to strengthen new government in
Kabul under the presidency of Karzai.
• Pakistan Support in Election:
• Pakistan also provided full support for the peaceful conduct of presidential and parliamentary polls in
October 2004 and September 2005.
• The border Was sealed to guard against any invasions across the border to disrupt election process.
• Pakistan role For Peaceful solution:
• Pakistan, to avert likely war, did its best to mediate between U.S and the Taliban.
• George Tenet, former head of C I A, in his book amply records Pakistan’s efforts of bringing Taliban to
the table and averting war.
• Foreign hand and particularly Indian Factors:
• On the contrary Afghanistan’s distant neighbor like India was provided opportunity to further its
strategic interests against Pakistan.
• Since then, India has found a vast platform in Afghanistan to conduct its covert activities in
Baluchistan through Balochi dissidents and FATA through TTP in order to destabilize Pakistan.

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• Pak-Afghan relationship in Asif Zardari :
• President Asif Ali made an official visit to Afghanistan in January 2009 to terrorism.
• In September 2010 Hamid Karzai president of Afghanistan traveled to Pakistan addressing new tactic to fight militancy.
• Signed agreement:
• In order to enhance cooperation amongst the two countries, in October 2010
• President has signed a Pakistan-Afghanistan Transit Trade Agreement.
• Smuggling Products :
• Smuggling became a major business after the establishment of the Durand Line in 1893, which is now controlled by a large
network of mafia groups on both sides of the border.
• Meat Smuggled:
• In Peshawar, Pakistan, local police and the food department recovered the meat which was smuggled to Afghanistan from
the city Peshawar on September 13, 2012.
• Country agreement for the establishment of joint chamber of commerce and industry:
• The countries also agreed to establish a joint chamber of commerce and industry.
• Pakistan has offered to host the inaugural session of the proposed chamber, and display centers for industrial exhibitions will
be set up in Karachi and Kabul
• Bilateral trade between Pakistan and Afghanistan:
• Pakistan and Afghanistan have agreed to strengthen trade ties and double annual bilateral trade by 2015, after a two-day
Joint Economic Commission (JEC) meeting January 16-17 in Islamabad

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