Gen Zia Ul Haq Strategies Regarding Foreign Policy

GEN ZIA UL HAQ
HIS RELIGIOSITY & STRATEGIES REGARDING FOREIGN POLICY

SHORT BIOGRAPHY
• Zia ul Haq was born in 1929 at Jalandhar India, joined Indian
Military Academy in Dehradun and commissioned in 1943 in the
British Indian army, He also fought the 2nd world war in Burma
against the Japanese.
• Following the independence he Joined Pakistan’s army.
• In 1964 He was appointed as directing staff officer at command staff
college Quetta.
• In 1976 PM Z.A Bhutto promoted LT GEN Zia ul Haq as a general
or to the post of COAS.
ZIA UL HAQ IN POWER
• On 5th July 1977 Operation fair play was materialized by the
Corps commander of Rawalpindi LT GEN Faiz ali Chishti.
• PM Z.A Bhutto was deposed, constitution was suspended
and martial law was imposed.
• COAS Gen Zia ul Haq became the CMLA (chief martial law
administrator), assumed the office of president in September
1978.
NUCLEAR DILEMMA IN THE MID AND LAST
s
1970
• On the commencement of nuclear programme by Z.A Bhutto in the mid 70s,
Mr. Bhutto was pressurized by US to stop acquiring nuclear capability.
• After coup d'état in 1977 US withdraw her offer to sell A7 aircrafts to
Pakistan.
• In April 1979 US President J. Carter imposed sanctions on Pakistan and stop
aid of around $ 50 million.
• In August 1979 it was reported that US has plotted a secret attack on
Pakistani nuclear facility at kahuta KRL, Rawalpindi.
PREVIOUS HEADING CONTINUES
• The J. Carter administration also pressurized France on selling

nuclear reprocessing plant to Pakistan.
• In 1978 French president Giscard canceled the selling of Nuclear
plant, for which Pakistan had already paid million dollars.
INCIDENT OF US CONSULATE 1979
• On 21st November a mob of students from Quaid e azam University angered
by a False Report, attacked the US embassy in Islamabad .
• Police and other security agencies took four hours to handle the situation, but
the premises were burnt and an American and two Pakistani staff members
were perished in the fire.
• Pakistan accepted responsibility for failure to protect the diplomatic staff
under UN Law and agreed to pay compensation (the protest cost the country
$ 23M).
INDIAN PLAN OF ATTACK ON KAHUTA
• On 20 December 1981 “THE WASHINGTON POST” reported
that India had prepared a plan of an air strike on KRL.
• The collaboration of India and Israel was then examined.
• At that time USA was allied with Pakistan, So on the request of
Islamabad The US assured that Israel had no intention of joining
such attack.
THE AFGHANISTAN CRISIS
 Soviet Military Intervention To Afghanistan
• On 27th December 1979 USSR launched operation storm-333 and
assassinated Afghan president Hafiz ullah Amin.
• Under the command of Marshall Sergey sokolov the soviet forces
entered Afghanistan and a full-fledge war was started between
mujahedeen and afghan forces and soviet troops as well .
 Pakistan’s Reaction
• Pakistan reaction to soviet invasion was visceral, “Zia’s government took

two weeks to decide on it’s public reaction.”
• The government carefully conceived a statement regarding the incident, and
even did not mentioned the name of soviet union instead named it foreign
troops.
• In that statement Pakistan describe the incident as serious violation of norms
of peaceful coexistence and the principles of UN Charter, and hoped the
immediate withdrawal of foreign troops.
 Pakistan’s Initial Policy In The Shape Of Diplomacy
• Pakistan initial policy was diplomatic in orientation, sought to put political
pressure on USSR.
• At Pakistan's request some members of Non aligned movement presented a
resolution (neither the name soviet nor used the word condemnation) in the
UN security council demanding the total and unconditional withdrawal
foreign troops from Afghanistan.
• But as anticipated the resolution was vetoed by USSR, then the resolution
was adopted by UN General assembly on 14th January 1980.
• Foreign minister agha shahi lead these resolutions.
 OIC Foreign Ministers Conference In Islamabad 1979
• Following soviet invasion an unprecedented meeting of OIC foreign

ministers was held in Islamabad on 29 January 1979.
• Myriad of members condemned the invasion using harsh words.
• OIC Membership of Afghanistan was also suspended and a resolution
was adopted and solidarity was affirmed with the struggle of afghan
people.
• The faith, national identity and territorial integrity of the people of
Afghanistan were assured in the meeting.
REVIVAL OF ALLIANCE WITH US
• The war in Afghanistan was a turning point in in Pak-US relations which improved from the
lowest point of 1979 to close political, economic and military ties in the 1980s.
• In 1980 US president announced an offer of $400M in economic and military aid for 18
months. However this offer was rejected by Zia describing it as a ‘peanuts’, later Ronald
Reagan succeeded carter in 1981 then Washington revived the cooperation with Pakistan.
• The new package included $150 million in economic aid for Fiscal year 1982 and $3 billion
for economic assistance and military sales credits for the period 1983-1987.
• The US also agreed to reconsider the sale of 40 F-16 aircrafts
• On the nuclear issue both countries maintained their positions Pakistan reiterated its
intention to persist research and US continue its non proliferation concern but this
Washington turned the pressure off.
• Secretory of the state Alexander Haig hinted that nuclear was no longer priority issue for the
united states.
 US AID
US AID TO PAKISTAN IN MILLION DOLLARS

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
57 88 224 275 302 313 312 346 347 351
Courtesy
• Finance division Islamabad
 Pakistan participation and US
• Pakistan,
US and Saudi Arabia gave full support to the
mujahedeen.
• To stop USSR intervention American CIA launched operation
cyclone, CIA assisted Mujahedeen through Pakistan’s spy agency
ISI.
• Pakistan’s province NWFP became the safe heaven for the afghan
mujahedeen.
• The mujahedeen resistance continued for about 9 years.
GENEVA ACCORD 1988
• The UN secretory general (special representative) diego cordovez from Ecuador initiated
peace talks between Pakistan and Afghanistan in june1982.
• Before the UN representative could convene a meeting Iran refuted to participate arguing the
unconditional withdrawal of soviet troops, Pakistan was also not willing to talk to afghan
regime which she doesn’t recognized.
• USSR also refused to join talks because she argued that her forces entered Afghanistan on
the invitation of afghan government and would withdrawn when Kabul wanted no longer
their presence
• After a long period of negotiations Soviet union was agreed for the withdrawal her troops
after signing Geneva Accord on 14th april,1988.
• The Geneva Accord was signed between Pakistan and Afghanistan with USA and USSR as a
guarantors.
 Main Provisions Of Geneva Accord
1. Timeframe for the Withdrawal of soviet troops.

2. Repatriation of afghan refugees.
3. Non-interference and non-intervention in the internal affairs of
Afghanistan.
4. international guarantees ( both US & USSR) for non-intervention and non-
 NOTE
interference
On 10th December 1987 Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev announced at a press
conference in Washington, that troops would withdrawn from Afghanistan within the
period of 12 months of conclusion of Geneva accord.
• Soviet troops started withdrawal on 15th may 1988.
• The withdrawal of troops completed on 15th feb 1989.
CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, Policies pursued by Gen Zia pushed the country into the wave
of extremism, terrorism and instability. Today people across the globe
considered Pakistan as a terrorist state only because of Gen Zia ul Haq. The
main architect of terrorism and extremism in Pakistan is gen Zia ul Haq.
REFERNCES
Pakistan’s foreign policy 1947-2016 a concise history

By Ex Diplomat Abdul Sattar
Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An Overview 1947-

2004
By Prof. Dr. Hasan-Askari Rizvi
Made by: Qudrat ullah

3rd semester

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GEN ZIA UL HAQ

HIS RELIGIOSITY & STRATEGIES REGARDING FOREIGN POLICY

• The J. Carter administration also pressurized France on selling

• Pakistan reaction to soviet invasion was visceral, “Zia’s government took

• Following soviet invasion an unprecedented meeting of OIC foreign

US AID TO PAKISTAN IN MILLION DOLLARS

1. Timeframe for the Withdrawal of soviet troops.

Pakistan’s foreign policy 1947-2016 a concise history

Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An Overview 1947-

Made by: Qudrat ullah

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